2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语试题(上海卷,解析版)

2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语试题(上海卷,解析版)
2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语试题(上海卷,解析版)

2014上海高考真题解析

Listening Comprehension

(Omitted)

Grammar and vocabulary

Section A

Passage A

25. 本题考查非限定性定语从句。由于先行词为New York,故填关系副词where引导定语从句,同时在从句中做状语。

26. 本题考查不定式在句中做目的状语。根据后面内容some money to pay the daily expenses(一些钱来支付日常费用)可知,是为了赚钱,故填To earn。

27. 本题考查状语从句的连词。根据设空以及后面内容I was offered a good position, I would resign at once(我被提供一个好职位,我就马上辞职)的逻辑关系可知,这里填“一……就……”或“只要……”。故此处填as soon as 或 as long as。

28. 本题考查过去分词表示“人的心理感受”。句意为:经过一段时间,高额的生活费用成了我本来就已经疲惫的肩膀上的负担。故填exhausted。

29. 本题考查条件状从句的连词。根据句意…I want to have a better career advancement,

I had to find work in the city“……我想要一个更好的职业发展,我就不得不在城市里找工作”可知,前句表示条件,故填if。

30. 本题考查名词性从句的连词。根据句式结构可知,本句是一个主语从句做主语,而连词又在从句中做动词had told的宾语,故填连接代词what。

31. 本题考查短语have difficulty in doing sth的搭配,故本空填adapting。

32. 本题考查考查倒装句。由于从句Not until I returned位于句首,且有否定词,因此句子用部分倒装结构,再根据句子的时态---一般过去时,故填did。

Passage B

33. 本题考查冠词用法。由于engineer是可数名词,而electrical前面为元音读音,故该空填不定冠词an。

34. 本题考查动词的时态和语态。根据…and looks like a mini shop可知:首先本句用的是一般现在时;其次本句是并列谓语结构;又由于The machine和equip是动宾关系,故该空填该动词的一般现在时的被动语态is equipped。

35. 本题考查非限定性定语从句。根据句式结构可看出,这是一个非限定性定语从句,而空中所缺的成分既代替先行词his invention,又在从句中做主语,故用关系代词which。

36. 本题考查反身代词。根据前句I couldn’t find a manufacture who could deliver what

I wanted可以推断“所以我自己做”。故填myself。

37. 本题考查形容词比较级。该自动售货机英语为huge outdoor vending machine,但是作者认为用术语the term “automatic shop”相比之下应是“较合适”,即用比较级形式。由于appropriate为多音节形容词,故前面加more。

38. 本题考查考查动词时态。根据时间状语In recent years可知,该句用现在完成时。故正确答案为has forced。

39. 本题考查现在分词做结果状语。根据前句…about 400 village shops closed句意“……大约400家村店关闭”可以看出结果是“促使当地政府给挣扎的村店提供经济支持……”,故用现在分词urging。

40. 本题考查介词用法。根据短语offer sth to sb/ sth可知,该空填to。

Section B

41. G 本题考查名词搭配。由于在超市里,所以是阅读食物标签(labels)。故选G。

42. C 本题考查动词短语搭配。根据所给词汇以及…yourself to a healthier lifestyle,只有commit yourself to(承诺……)符合句意。故选C。

43. L 本题考查动词用法。根据后面内容some of the burden of doing it all yourself 以及前面动词help可知此空应填relieve(减轻),构成“……能够有助于减轻独自做这事的一些负担”。故选L。

44. F 本题考查动词用法。根据句子逻辑,此句意思为“政府不必通过法律来强加(impose)更健康的生活方式,如戒烟”。故选F。

45. E 本题考查形容词用法。根据设空,本空填形容词,而alert(警觉的)不符合句意,只有gentle(文雅的)符合句意。故选E。

46. B 本题考查动词短语用法。本句句意为“英国和瑞典政府引进了所谓的交通灯系统来吧食物分类为健康的或不健康的”,短语classify …as…表示“把……分类为……”,故选B。

47. K 本题考查副词用法。根据…customers can see at a glance how much fat, sugar, and salt each product contains__47__by looking at the lights on the package(顾客们只要看包装上的指示灯一眼就能看出每一个产品含有多少脂肪、糖和盐)可知,此空填simply。故选K。

48. J 本题考查动词用法。由于空后所接的是宾语从句,所以该空填及物动词,结合后面indicates的意思可知,该空填signals(表示)。故选J。

49. A 本题考查形容词用法。根据前面“绿灯表示三种营养的量是健康的”可知“黄灯表示三种营养的量可能有问题”,因此消费者应当留心(alert)。故选A。

50. H 本题考查名词词义。根据句子red means that the food is high in at least one of the three nutrients(红灯意味着至少三个营养中的一个是高的)可知,这样的食物应当有节制地(in moderation)吃。故选H。

III. Reading Comprehension

Section A

[语篇导读] 本文介绍了闲聊在日常对话中的重要分量以及形成这种情况的原因。

51. C根据下文We gossip……可知,人们大多数时候都在谈八卦。

52. B本题考查副词词义。occasionally意为“偶尔地”; habitually意为“惯常地”;independently意为“独立地”;originally意为“起初”。原句为“我们通常用语言来干什么”故选B。

53. A根据下文“children, lovers, and colleagues”可知,本句是要表达应该怎样应对不同的社会情境,故选A。

54. D由下文的“we talk a lot about nothing in particular”可知,我们经常说一些无用的话,滥用语言,waster 更符合句意,故选D。

55. A由上文“It's not the case……”可知,Professor Robin Dunbar认为gossip是很重要的事,故选A。

56. B由下文中“instead……”可知,Professor Robin Dunbar不认同传统的观点,reject 表示“排斥,拒绝”,故选B。

57. C由argue可知,Dunbar的观点与传统观点相反,for instance 表示“例如”; in addition 表示“此外”;on the contrary表示“相反地”;as a result表示“因此”故选C。

58. D结合下文可知,研究的是灵长类动物的行为,故选D。

59. A根据句意可知,猴子们形成团体是为了在内部发生争端和外部攻击时寻求支持,故选A。

60. C本题考查动词词义。recall表示“回想”;deny表示“否定”;conclude表示“总结”;confess表示“承认”根据句意,选C。

61. D由上文59空“monkeys form groups……”可知,人们组成团体是为了寻求保护,团体越大,保护力度也越大。故选D。

62. D结合上下文,此空应填表示“减轻,延缓”的词,故选D。

63. B根据上下文,此空应填表示“增加,延长”的词,故选B。

64. B由上文maintain its effectiveness可知,应填effective(有效的),故选B。

65. C结合全文,本文强调了语言作用,强调在语言在人类发展过程中比身体接触更有效,故选C。

Section B

Passage A

[语篇导读] 诚实是件好事,而有时说谎对于生存也很重要。本文介绍了一些鸟和动物的欺诈行为,并且联系到对母性的怀疑。

66. D根据文章第二段倒数第二句“It pretends to have a broken wing”可知,应选D。

67. B结合倒数第三段以及全文可知,Chimpanzees, or chimps也是不诚实的动物,故选B。

68. A根据文章倒数第二段三、四句“But some clever chimps….. to share their food.”可知A正确。

69. A本文认为说谎可以帮助动物生存,并举出几个例子来证明这个观点,故选A。Passage B

[语篇导读] 本文讲述了如何考虑一个人的习惯周期来设计一个能够持续的新年决定,从而达到预期的效果。

70. C根据逻辑关系如果对问题“Do you actually enjoy the reward?”的答案是否定(No),下一步应为找到另一个奖励。故选C。

71. D根据图表中“Studies show that ……write it down”可知,应选D。

72. B结合全文可知,THE HABIT LOOP只是帮助人们达成目标的工具,人们最终的目标是在没有奖励的情况下培养习惯或坚持目标,故选B。

73. A句子“This year……an hour.”意思是今年我看到《哈利波特》的海报时,我决定读30页的英语小说或报纸才能看半个小时的电视。所以应选A。

Passage C

[语篇导读] 如果你能成为世界上的任何人,可能是谁呢?本文介绍了了身体交换以及它带来的体验。

74. B根据上文中step into the skin of another person,以及机器的名字The Machine to Be Another 可知,swap表示“交换,故选B。

75. A由文章第三段第一句“To get used to……having control of it”可知,B错误,C 原文中没有提到,排除,由第三段中最后一句“participants really start……person's body”可知,D错误,故选A。

76. D根据文章倒数第二段中最后一句you're less likely to think ill of them(测试后人们对不同人的偏见降低)可知,测试前他们对那些与他们不同的人有偏见,故选D。77. C根据文章倒数第二段最后一句because your brain has internalised the feeling of being that person可知,应选C。

Section C

78. 根据文章第一段最后两句可知,这里的很多人指的是“公司的股东及雇员们”,故此空填shareholders and employees

79. 根据文章第三段可得知“风险管理的任意一条防御措施”,所以答案为Companies talk

to non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and to governments.或Companies create codes of conduct. 或Companies devote themselves to more transparency in their operations.或Companies set common rules with their competitors to spread risks.

80. 根据文章第四段第二句话“……它能够有助于创造价值。”可知,该空填create value。

81. 根据文章第六段第一句及第二句话(法人的社会责任现在已被看作是一个社会主流事件。由于对社会责任的奉献大的公司项告诉世人它们良好的公民资格。)可知,该空填take social responsibilities。

第II卷(Omitted)

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