《训俭示康》词句整理及全文翻译
《训俭示康》词句整理及翻译
（一）古今通假
1. 酒酤于市：酤，通“沽”，买酒
2. 公亦少从众：少，同“稍”，稍微
（二）古今异义
1. 世以清白相承：古义：纯朴的家风；今义：纯洁，没有污点
2. 吾不以为病：古义：缺点；今义：生病
3. 或三行五行：古义：次数；今义：量词，用于成行的东西
4. 治居第于封武门内：古义：修筑；今义：治理
5. 常数月营聚：古义：积攒，引申为准备；今义：经营，管理
6. 然后敢发书：古义：请客的帖子；今义：书籍
7. 故不随俗靡者盖鲜矣：古义：少；今义：指食物鲜美
8. 自奉养如为河南掌书记时：古义：指生活待遇或生活水平；今义：侍奉或赡养（父母或其他尊亲）
9. 公虽自信清约：古义：自己信奉；今义：相信自己的愿望或预料一定能够实现的心愿
10. 君子以为忠：古义：指有名望的人；今义：指道德高尚的人
11. 石崇以奢靡夸人：古义：炫耀；今义：夸奖
12. 其余以俭立名：古义：其他的；今义：剩余的
13. 聊举数人以训汝：古义：姑且；剩下的；今义：聊天
14. 当以训汝子孙：古义：教诲，劝诫；今义：训斥
15. 枉道速祸：古义：招致；今义：速度
（三）词类活用
1. 名词作动词
1) 自为乳儿：乳，吃奶
2) 乃簪一花：插
3) 亦不敢服垢弊以矫俗干名：服，穿（衣服）
4) 士志于道，而耻恶衣恶食者：志，有志
5) 走卒类士服：服，穿
6) 酒非内法：内法，照宫内酿酒的方法酿造
7) 故就酒家觞之：觞，一种酒器，，这里指请人喝酒
8) 外人颇有公孙布被之讥：布被，盖布被
9) 虽举家锦衣玉食：锦衣玉食，穿绸缎的衣服，享用珍贵的食物
户口本英文翻译模板
Household Register Under Supervision of The Ministry of Public Security of P.R.C. Points for Attention 1. The Household Register has a legal force to identify the status of a citizen and the relationship of family members. It is a main basis for the household registration office to make residence investigation and check. When the household registration office makes residence investigation and check, the householder or anyone of the family members shall bring forth on his/her own initiative the Household Register. 2. The Household Register shall be under proper keep of the householder. No alter, transfer and lease is allowed. The loss of the Household Register must be reported to the household registration office promptly. 3. Only the household registration office has the power to make registration on the Household Register. No any other units and individuals are allowed to make any records on it. 4. Any increase or decrease of family members in the household or any alteration of the registration items shall be registered on the Household Register by reporting to the household registration office. 5. If the whole family has moved out of the jurisdictional area of the residence, the Household Register shall be submitted to the household registration office for cancellation.
介绍加拿大风景的英文文章带翻译
介绍加拿大风景的英文文章带翻译 今天在这里为大家分享介绍加拿大风景的英文文章带翻译，欢迎大家阅读!介绍加拿大风景的英文文章带翻译：A Journey across Canada(横穿加拿大的旅行)After a quiz last autumn, Kuang crossed the continent eastward to Toronto to visit his schoolmate, the distance measuring approximately 5,000 kilometers,His train started from Vancouver, a city surrounded by mountains. After confirming his baggage was aboard the train, Kuang settled down in his seat. Having a gift for communication, he started chatting with another passenger within 5 minutes. Their topics included the Canadian traditions, the Prime Minister, the mixture of races, and the terrifying Great Fall. After a nice buffet at noon, he was pleased to find that the scenery was impressive. He saw beautiful harbours in the distance, wealthy urban areas and maple forest that covered thousands of acres. He even managed to catch sight of an eagle flying upward over bushes.Kuang reached Toronto which lies slightly near the border at a misty dawn. There was frost and the broad downtown streets were very quiet. Though it was early, Kuang phoned his schoolmate in a booth nearby at once rather than waiting for him to come. They had a good time together.横穿加拿大的旅行去年秋天的一次考试后，光向东横穿整个大陆，来到多伦多探望他的同学，这次旅行的距离测量起来大约有五千多公里。
中国文化相关词汇英文翻译
中国文化相关词汇英文翻译 元宵节：Lantern Festival 刺绣：embroidery 重阳节：Double-Ninth Festival 清明节：Tomb sweeping day 剪纸：Paper Cutting 书法：Calligraphy 对联：（Spring Festival）Couplets 象形文字：Pictograms/Pictographic Characters 人才流动：Brain Drain/Brain Flow 四合院：Siheyuan/Quadrangle 战国：Warring States 风水：Fengshui/Geomantic Omen 铁饭碗：Iron Bowl 函授部：The Correspondence Department 集体舞：Group Dance 黄土高原：Loess Plateau 红白喜事：Weedings and Funerals 中秋节：Mid-Autumn Day 结婚证：Marriage Certificate 儒家文化：Confucian Culture 附属学校：Affiliated school 古装片：Costume Drama 武打片：Chinese Swordplay Movie 元宵：Tangyuan/Sweet Rice Dumpling（Soup） 一国两制：One Country，Two Systems 火锅：Hot Pot 四人帮：Gang of Four 《诗经》：The Book of Songs 素质教育：Essential-qualities-Oriental Education 《史记》：Historical Records/Records of the Grand Historian 大跃进：Great Leap Forward（Movement） 《西游记》：The Journey to the West 除夕：Chinese New Year’s Eve/Eve of the Spring Festival 针灸：Acupuncture 唐三彩：Tri-color Pottery of the Tang Dynasty/The Tang Tri-colored pottery 中国特色的社会主义：Chinese-charactered Socialist/Socialist with Chinese characteristics 偏旁：radical 孟子：Mencius 亭/阁：Pavilion/Attic 大中型国有企业：Large and Medium-sized State-owned Enterprises 火药：gunpowder
初一英语作文范文带翻译：最美的风景
初一英语作文范文带翻译：最美的风景 英语作文啦（https://www.360docs.net/doc/481090419.html,）精心整理为大家整理了“初中满分英语作文范文带翻译”望给大家带来帮助!更多英语作文大全,英语作文万能句子,高中英语作文,初中英语作文,英语作文范文,高考英语作文,请关注并收藏英语作文啦! Today, when I walked home after school, I found the sunset was very beautiful, so I stopped at the park and sat at the bench to appreciate this scenery. There were so many people at the park, most of whom were old couples and they went for a walk. There was a special couple that caught my attention, they were hand in hand. The old woman couldn’t walk well because there was something wrong with her right leg. The old man took care of her carefully. They set a good example to the young couple, showing what the true love is. Under the sunset, they made up the most beautiful scenery. 今天，我放学后走回家时，我发现夕阳很漂亮，于是我在公园停了下来，坐在长椅上欣赏这风景。很多人在公园里，他们中的大多数是老夫妇在散步。有一对特殊的夫妇引起了我的注意，他们手牵手。老妇人不能走快，因为她的右腿有毛病。老爷爷细心照顾她。他们给年轻夫妇树立了一个好榜样，告诉我们真爱是什么。在夕阳下，他们最美丽的风景。
英语句子翻译
英语句子翻译 1.我已经为你做了一些安排，早上参加中文班，下午游览这座城市，晚 上去吃特色小吃。 2.我很高兴收到你的来信，并且很高兴听到你将要来中国学习中文。 3.任何事情都有两面性，上网也不例外。它既有有利的一面，也有不利 的一面。 4.因此，在我看来，我们应该合理的使用网络。 5.我希望你能在空闲的时候尽快给我回信。 6.电视在我们的日常生活中起着重要的作用，他给我们带来了许多好 处，但同时也引发了一些严重的问题。 7.随着社会的发展，汽车已经成为人类生活重要的一部分。 8.我们应该多植树，尽量使用公共交通工具，才能使城市变得越来越美 丽。 9.总而言之，整个社会应该密切关注污染这个问题。 10.人们已经想出许多办法来解决这个问题。 11.这里有一些学习英语的方法。每天记住10个单词，多看英文小说、 电影，尽量多与外国人交流。 12.成都位于四川中部，这里因为美食，美景而闻名。 13.我很高兴能帮助你提高中文，这里有一些建议可以给你。 14.因为明天有一个重要的考试，我很抱歉不能来参加你的生日聚会。
15.我已经买好了一份生日礼物托朋友Candy带给你，我希望我们能另外 再约时间见面。 16.我计划和同学们一个去敬老院（nursing home）陪老人们过重阳节（the double Ninth Festival） 17.十分感谢外教Mike老师的指导，让我在写作方面取得了巨大的进步。 18.成都是最有活力的城市之一。我相信这将是一次难忘的旅行。 19.四川有许多的旅游胜地，如都江堰、九寨沟、乐山大佛和峨眉山。 20.有规律的锻炼能让你有一个健康的身体。
中国特色文化词汇翻译
1. 元宵节：Lantern Festival 2. 刺绣：embroidery 3. 重阳节：Double-Ninth Festival 4. 清明节：Tomb sweeping day 5. 剪纸：Paper Cutting 6. 书法：Calligraphy 7. 对联：(Spring Festival) Couplets 8. 象形文字：Pictograms/Pictographic Characters 9. 人才流动：Brain Drain/Brain Flow 10. 四合院：Siheyuan/Quadrangle 11. 战国：Warring States 12. 风水：Fengshui/Geomantic Omen 13. 铁饭碗：Iron Bowl 14. 函授部：The Correspondence Department 15. 集体舞：Group Dance 16. 黄土高原：Loess Plateau 17. 红白喜事：Weddings and Funerals 18. 中秋节：Mid-Autumn Day 19. 结婚证：Marriage Certificate 20. 儒家文化：Confucian Culture 21. 附属学校：Affiliated school 22. 古装片：Costume Drama
23. 武打片：Chinese Swordplay Movie 24. 元宵：Tangyuan/Sweet Rice Dumpling (Soup) 25. 一国两制：One Country, Two Systems 26. 火锅：Hot Pot 27. 四人帮：Gang of Four 28. 《诗经》：The Book of Songs 29. 素质教育：Essential-qualities-oriented Education 30. 《史记》：Historical Records/Records of the Grand Historian 31. 大跃进：Great Leap Forward (Movement) 32. 《西游记》：The Journey to the West 33. 除夕：Chinese New Year’s Eve/Eve of the Spring Festival 34. 针灸：Acupuncture 35. 唐三彩：Tri-color Pottery of the Tang Dynasty/ The Tang Tri-colored pottery 36. 中国特色的社会主义：Chinese-charactered Socialist/Socialist with Chinese characteristics 37. 偏旁：radical 38. 孟子：Mencius 39. 亭/阁：Pavilion/ Attic 40. 大中型国有企业：Large and Medium-sized State-owned Enterprises 41. 火药：gunpowder 42. 农历：Lunar Calendar 43. 印/玺：Seal/Stamp 44. 物质精神文明建设：The Construction of Material Civilization and Spiritual Civilization
完整户口本英文翻译模板
ANNOUNCEMENTS 1.Household register has the legal validity that certifies the attorneyship of a citizen and the relationship of family members, and it is the main reference for the censor and checkup of domiciliary register which is undertaking by the household registration authority. When the functionary of household registration authority censor and verify the household register, the familia and members of this family shall take the initiative in presenting the household register. 2.The familia shall take the household register in safekeeping, the household register is prohibited to be alterred, transferred and leased. In case of that the household register is lost, the household registration authority should be informed. 3.The right for registering the household register shall be performed by the household registration authority, any other unit and individual shall not make any records on the booklet. 4.The member of this family shall go to the household registration authority for transacting the declaration and registration, applying bring with the booklet, in case of the increase and decrease of the members and the alteration of registration items. 5.In case of that the whole family moves out of the residency, the Household register shall be turned in and cancelled.
2020年英语乡村景色句子翻译
英语乡村景色句子翻译 Gorgeous moon adorns spring night, with the earth. the sky like the face of the transparency of the sea, and quiet, broad, and mysterious. luxuriant star, like the sea sweet little fire, twinkling, a tiny light. the fields and villages, trees, in the quiet sleep, on the silver gauze. the hill, like clouds, like the sea island, as though to call the night cruise ships, and shining up a red light 。 意思为：皎洁的月光装饰了春天的夜空，也装饰了大地。夜空像无边无际的透明的大海，安静、广阔、而又神秘。 繁密的星，如同海水里漾起的小火花，闪闪烁烁的，跳动着细小的光点。田野、村庄、树木，在幽静的睡眠里，披着银色的薄纱。 山，隐隐约约，像云，又像海上的岛屿，仿佛为了召唤夜航的船只，不时地闪亮起一点两点嫣红的火光。 Last summer vacation, my parents asked me where I wanted to travel. I answered, since I had not see my grandfather and grandmother for long time, how about to see them. My parents smiled and nodded with admiring.
户口本英文翻译
ATTENTION 1.Residents Booklet have the force of law with proof of citizenship and relationship between family members. It is the main basis for the Household Registration Office to investigating and verifying the situation of the residence. House owner and family members should hand in the Residents Booklet when the household registration officer investigate and check the household registration 2.House owner should keep the Residents Booklet safely. It should not be altered, transfer, lend. Please report Household Registration Office. when being lost. 3.The rights of registration of Residents Booklet belong to Household Registration Office. Any other unit or individuals shall not make any records in the booklet 4.House owner should register the changes of family members or the other contents. 5.All family members moving out of residence jurisdiction should hand in Residents Booklet to Household Registration Office. No.
美景词句英文翻译
Gorgeous moon adorns spring night, with the earth. the sky like the face of the transparency of the sea, and quiet, broad, and mysterious. luxuriant star, like the sea sweet little fire, twinkling, a tiny light. the fields and villages, trees, in the quiet sleep, on the silver gauze. the hill, like clouds, like the sea island, as though to call the night cruise ships, and shining up a red light 。意思为：皎洁的月光装饰了春天的夜空，也装饰了大地。夜空像无边无际的透明的大海，安静、广阔、而又神秘。繁密的星，如同海水里漾起的小火花，闪闪烁烁的，跳动着细小的光点。田野、村庄、树木，在幽静的睡眠里，披着银色的薄纱。山，隐隐约约，像云，又像海上的岛屿，仿佛为了召唤夜航的船只，不时地闪亮起一点两点嫣红的火光 宾至如归 just be at home; feel at home 天堂之旅 a trip to the paradise; explore the paradise 人迹罕至 The Unbeaten Track 远离尘嚣 a true departure; an escape from the bustling 全新感受 a novel experience
关于春天的美景英语作文600字带翻译
关于春天的美景英语作文600字带翻译 关于春天的美景英语作文600字带翻译 一年之季在于春，在一年四季里面，春、夏、秋、冬各有自己独特的美丽，尤其是春天的时候的景色，更让人喜爱有加，因为春天有着奇特的魅力，下面我来告诉大家我看到的春天。 Spring is the season of the year. In the four seasons of the year, spring, summer, autumn and winter have their own unique beauty, especially the scenery in spring, which is more popular. Because spring has a unique charm, let me tell you the spring I see. 春天主要的部分就是美，美在春天的景，因为春天是万物复苏的季节，也是雨啊、风啊最美的时候。春天的雨是非常特别的，它不像夏天，秋天的雨那么冷，干燥，春雨在下的过程中自带香气，既淡又香的感觉，让人怎么可能不喜欢呢？春雨如千百万根绣花针一般晶莹的落下，整齐又细密，如同少女般的头发在空中伸盛。空气中偶尔会有一丝丝清凉的感觉。 The main part of spring is beauty. Beauty lies in the scenery of spring, because spring is the season for all things to recover, and the most beautiful time for rain and wind. Spring rain is very special. It＇s not as cold and dry as summer and autumn rain. Spring rain brings its own fragrance in the process of falling. It＇s light and fragrant.
文化特色英语词语翻译
总需求aggregate demand 总供给aggregate supply 企业文化corporate/entrepreneurial culture 企业形象corporate image (Cl); enterprise image 跨国公司cross-national corporation 创业精神enterprising spirit; pioneering spirit 外资企业foreign-funded enterprise 猎头公司head-hunter 假日经济holiday economy 人力资本human capital 航空和航天工业aerospace industry 飞机制造工业aircraft industry 电子工业electronic industry 汽车制造工业car industry 娱乐业entertainment industry 信息产业information industry 知识密集型产业knowledge-intensive industry 国有大中型企业large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises 轻工业light industry 博彩业lottery industry 制造业manufacturing industry 垄断行业monopoly industries 市场多元化market diversification 市场经济market economy 市场监管market supervision 购买力purchasing power 熊市bear market 牛市bull market 城镇化urbanization 房地产real estate 首付down-payment 业主home owner 个人购房贷款individual housing loan 经济全球化economic globalization 经济特区special economic zones (SEZ) 经济增长economic growth 泡沫经济bubble economy 关税tariff 纳税人tax payer 宏观经济macro economy
户口本英文翻译
户口本内容： 第一页注意事项(五条内容) ATTENTION Residents Booklet have the force of law with proof of citizenship and relationship between family members. It is the main basis for the Household Registration Office to investigating and verifying the situation of the residence. House owner and family members should hand in the Residents Booklet when the household registration officer inv estigate and check the household registration . 2. House owner should keep the Residents Booklet safely. It should not be altered, transfer, lend. Please report Household Registration Office. when being lost. 3.The rights of registration of Residents Booklet belong to Household Registration Office. Any oth er unit or individuals shall not make any records in the bookle.t 4.House owner should register the changes of family members or the other contents. 5.All family members moving out of residence jurisdiction should hand in Residents Booklet to Ho usehold Registration Office. 户别：Type of Household 非农业家庭户口：Non-agricultural family 户主姓名：Name of Householder 沙岭派出所：Shaling Police Station 户号：Household number 住址：Current residential address 沈阳市于洪区沙岭镇沙岭小区24号1-1-1： Room 1-1,Unit 1,No.24 Building.Shaling Block,Shaling Town,Yuhong District,Shenyang 印章内容： 辽宁省公安厅：Public Security Department of Liaoning 省级公安机关户口专用章：Authorized supervisor 沈阳市公安局：Public Security Bureau of Shenyang 沙岭派出所：Shaling Police Station 户口登记机关：Authorized Administrator 承办人签章：Registrar 于洪：Yuhong District 董德银：Dong Deyin 沙岭：Shaling 2006年9月12日签发：Date of Issue:12th September 2006 李刚页 住址变动登记：Register of Residence Change 变动后的住址：New Address 变动日期：Date of registration update 承办人签章：Registrar
有关旅游的句子英语翻译
有关旅游的句子英语翻译 回答和翻译如下：1:life is a journey to experience to learn and to enjoy.生活是不断经历、学习和享受的旅程。 2:life is just a field of improvisation, until every journey, be my stage.人生本来就是一场即兴演出，直到每段旅程，变成我的舞台。3:don't judge someone's past, when you haven't walked their journey！如果你没有经历过别人所经历的事情，就不要去评判一个人的过去！4:happiness is a journey, not a destination.幸福是一场旅程，不是终点。 5:in the life long journey with many detours, path, dangerous road, dark road, only the strong-willed and never stop the people, will have hopes of reaching the victory away.在人生征途中有许多弯路、小路、险路、暗路，只有意志坚定且永不停步的人，才有希望到达胜利的远方旅行的英文句子 15句 旅行的英文句子 15句。6: Birthdays may be called the milestones in life's journey.诞辰日，可谓一生之里程碑也。 7:life is a short journey from birth to death. 从生到死，生命是个简短的旅程旅行的英文句子 15句文章旅行的英文句 子 15句出自.gkstk./article/wk-56627673802851.html， ___此
中国文化特色词语英译
中文摘要 特色词汇是中国研究中相当重要的一部分。中国特色词汇是表达中国文化中的特有事物，其中蕴藏着中国千百年文化的内涵，当中国的文化传出中国走向世界的时候，这些中国特色词汇又是怎样不失原味的被翻译成外语从而被外国人所接受的呢？本文将以中国特色词汇翻译成为例，介绍了一些中国特色词汇的被译成英语的方法，它们分别是音译、直译、意译等，通过这些方法可使大家基本了解中国特色词汇在英语交际是怎样被转换并被使用的，逐渐融合进传统英语中的，以满足人们日常生活中用英语交流的需要。除此之外，还将浅谈中国特色词汇所对应的特别的英文词汇出现的原因之一：中西文化差异造成的词汇空缺。并对文化差异进行细分详细阐述。还将提出一些关于中国特色词汇在英语国家传播的前景的看法。 关键词：中国特色词汇；文化差异；翻译 Abstract Chinese culture-loaded words are becoming increasingly important in the study of China English. Chinese culture-loaded words refer to the uniqueness of Chinese items, and of course, contain the connotation of Chinese culture. With the wide spread of Chinese culture to the world, how can they be understood and accepted by foreigners accurately in translation? The paper, by giving a good number of examples, introduces some methods of translating Chinese culture-loaded words, including transliteration, literal translation, free translation and so on. These methods help to understand how Chinese culture-loaded words are
(完整版)中国户口本英文翻译
Registration of Residence Basic Information of Household Issuing Date: xx/xx/20xx Page 1
Register of Residence Change住址变动登记 Page 2 Registration card for permanent residence（常住人口登记卡1） Non-agricultural family非农家庭户口 Registration date : 20xx-xx-xx
Registration Change and Records 登记事项变更和更正记载 Page 4 Registration card for permanent residence（常住人口登记卡2） Non-agricultural family非农家庭户口Registration date : 20xx-xx-xx Page 5 Registration Change and Records 登记事项变更和更正记载
Page 6 Registration card for permanent residence（常住人口登记卡3） Registration date : 20xx-xx-xx Non-agricultural family非农家庭户口 ---------------------------------------------- End of Records --------------------------------------------------
常用景观英语翻译
常用的景观英文翻译（1） classical Chinese garden 中国古典园林 Chinese mountain and water garden 中国山水园 imperial palace garden 帝王宫苑 royal garden 皇家园林 private garden 私家园林 garden on the Yangtze Delta 江南园林 western classical garden 西方古典园林 English style. garden 英国式园林AngloChinese style. garden 中英混合式园林 Le Notre's style. garden Renaissance style. garden 文艺复兴庄园 Rococo style. garden 洛可可式园林 Baroque style. garden 巴洛克式园林 manor,villa garden 庄园 peristyle. garden,patio 柱廊园 xystus 绿廊 灵囿Ling You Hunting Garden 周代术语 灵沼Ling Zhao Water Garden 周代术语 灵台Ling Tai Platform. Garden 周代术语 阿房宫E-Pang Palace 秦代术语 上林苑ShangLin Yuan 汉代术语 未央宫WeiYang Palace 汉代术语 洛阳宫Luoyang Palace 魏代术语 华清宫Hua-Qing Palace 唐代术语 艮岳Gen Yue Imperial Garden 宋代术语 圆明园Yuan-Ming Yuan Imperial Garden 颐和园Yi-He Yuan Imperial Garden
文化负载词及其翻译
文化负载词及其翻译 摘要：本文从跨文化的角度讨论了文化负载词，并指出其翻译策略。作者呼吁 翻译工作者应该采用恰当的翻译策略积极的传播博大精深的中华。 关键词：文化负载词翻译策略 1 文化负载词 语言与文化的发展变化息息相关，而词汇在语言诸要素中是最能反映文化的 物质层面，所以受文化的影象也最大。通过研究一个民族文化内涵词可以了解到 该民族的价值观、思维方式、风土人情、生活方式及传统习俗、宗教信仰等（徐珺：2001）。 孙致礼（2000）曾经指出，翻译的最大困难往往不是语言本身，而是语言所 承载的文化意蕴。王佐良先生也曾经说过：“翻译的最大困难是两种文化的不同。”刘守华也认为：“不同文化世界的人们有着不同的对现实世界的观察方式，因而也就使得自己的语言在形成发展过程中表现出独特的风貌和民族特性”（刘守华：1992，p.150）。文化负载词就是这一特定文化现象的具体体现。文化词汇有多种不同的名称，例如，文化负载词，文化空缺词，词汇空缺等。如：朱哲2004年3 月在《中国矿业大学学报》上发表的文章：从文学角度论“文化负载词”的汉译英；文化内涵词，如徐珺2001年3月发表在《解放军外国语学报》第24卷上的文章：文化内涵词——翻译中信息传递的障碍及其对策。虽然名称不一样，但其本质都 是相同的。正如包惠南指出：“词汇空缺是指原语词汇所载的文化信息在译语中没有其‘对等语’或‘对应语’”。换言之，不管是文化词汇、文化内涵词、文化负载词还是文化空缺词等，他们指的都是那些只为某一个民族语言所特有，具有独特的文 化信息内涵，在其他民族的语言中没有包含这样的文化信息。他们既可以是在漫 漫的历史长河中逐渐形成的，也可以是这个民族独创的词。 2 文化负载词的翻译策略 包惠南，包昂（2004：10，11）指出，词汇空缺是指原语词汇所载的文化信 息在译语中没有其“对等语”或“对应语”。如karaoke，在中国传统词汇中无与之相 对等的词汇，因而无法用准确贴切的词语译出其词义内涵，只得采用音译的办法，同时借用英文字母译为“卡拉OK” ；他们还指出“中国传统文化中......等术语在译成英语时，由于西方文化中也没有对应或对等的词语，在多数情况下也只能采用音 译或释义的方法进行翻译”。 他们的话给怎样翻译文化词汇提供了借鉴。如今翻译界对于文化词汇的翻译 已经达成基本上的共识，那就是在翻译文化负载词的时候应采用音译加解释性译 文的翻译方法。对于把外文翻译成中文当然用的是汉字读音注音的音译方法，如 前面的卡拉OK。再如cool翻译成“酷”等。对于汉语中的文化词汇翻译成外文的 时候，当然就是用汉语拼音，然后加注，或解释性译语的方法。也正如金惠康（2003，152）所说的：在介绍传统中国文化的汉英翻译中应遵循物从主人，名 从主人，以我为主的翻译策略，凡具有中国特色的独一无二的食物大多宜采用汉 语拼音拼写，以最大限度地保留中国传统文化的特色和民族语言的风格。 当然上面主要是讲的音译，事实上对于文化负载词，除了用音译之外还可以 用直译的方法。例如毛泽东首创的“纸老虎”翻译成英语就直接用了“paper tiger”这 个词现在很多英语词典都已经收录进去了，用来指那些外强中干的人或物，肯定 比英语里面本来就有的“吓走乌鸦”的“稻草人”（scarecrow）要好的多。再如，丢 脸（lose face），火上加油（to pour oil on the flame），了如指掌（to have