英语综合教程unit1词汇学习

Unit one

Words and Expressions

1. (Para. 1) forgiveness: n.[U] when sb. forgives another person

*He never admitted his guilt or asked for forgiveness.

(= 他从不承认自己的罪行，也不请求饶恕。)

我必须请求你的宽恕。

(= I have to ask for your forgiveness.)

Collocation:

ask / beg / p ray, etc. for (sb’s) forgiveness

Derivation:

forgive v.

CF: forgive & excuse

这两个动词均有“原谅”之意。

forgive指尽管某人做错了事情，但是你不再生气，不再责怪他了，一般指原谅或者宽恕比较严重的错误。

excuse 指原谅一些不是很严重的错误，比如莽撞、失礼等小过失。

(Directions:) Fill in the blanks with the two words above. Change the form where necessary.

1. She was ______ for coming late. (= excused)

2. A wife ______ an unfaithful husband. (= forgives)

3. Please _______ my bad handwriting. (=excuse)

4. They _______ their enemies. (= forgive)

2. (Para. 1) good-tempered: adj. pleasant, kind, and not easily made angry

(=Minnie was always good-tempered and agreeable.)

Note: 与temper有关的词组

lose one’s temper 发脾气

I’ve never seen Mike lose his temper.

keep one’s temper 控制脾气、忍耐

I found it increasingly difficult to keep my temper.

3.(Para.1) universal: adj. involving everyone in the world or in a particular group There does not appear to be universal agreement on the future of the CBA.

These stories have universal appeal.

4. (Para. 2) ironically: https://www.360docs.net/doc/4817051085.html,ed when talking about a situation in which the opposite

of what you expected happens or is true

Ironically, his cold got better on the last day of his holiday.

5. (Para. 2) root sth. out: find out where a particular kind of problem exists and get

rid of it

Action is being taken to root out corruption in the police force.

6. (Para. 2) cripple: v.

1. damage sth. badly so that it no longer works or is no longer effective

The industry is being crippled by high interest rates.

Asia’s economy was crippled by inflation.

(=通货膨胀曾使亚洲经济陷于瘫痪。)

罢工使工厂陷于瘫痪

（＝The strike crippled the factory.）

2. hurt sb. badly so that they cannot walk properly

She was crippled in the car accident.

(= 她在车祸中致残。)

7. (Para. 2) cling: v. continue to believe or do sth., even though it may not be true

or useful any longer

For the moment I cling to the idea that there are a relatively small number of students left.

他坚定地认为她有治愈的希望(插入图片cling)

(=He clung to the hope that she would be cured.)

Collocation:

cling to the hope / belief / idea, etc.

8. (Para. 3) heal: v.

1. if a wound or a broken bone heals or is healed, the flesh, skin, or bone grows back

together and becomes healthy again

（＝A sprain usually takes longer to heal than a broken bone. ）

我胳膊上的伤已愈合了。（＝The wound on my arm has healed.）

2. if an argument or disagreement between people heals or you heal it, the people stop

arguing or disagreeing

The disagreement among the family members healed over with time.

(=家庭成员之间的不和随着时间的流逝而消失。)

CF: treat, heal & cure

这三个动词均有“治疗”之意。

treat指通过用药、住院、手术等来治疗疾病。

heal着重治疗的效果，多指外伤的治愈，也可以指精神上的创伤的愈合。

cure也着重治疗的结果，多指治愈内科疾病，也可用来指消除某种不良的影响。(Directions:) Fill in the blanks with the three words above. Change the form where necessary.

1. The dentist is _______ my teeth. (= treating)

2. Penicillin ______ him of pneumonia. (= cured)

3. The cut on his finger ______ quickly. (= healed)

4. The new treatment _____ his skin disease. (= cured)

5. Time ______ most troubles. (= heals)

9. (Para. 3) put: v. say or write sth. using words in a particular way

When women joined the organization, i t “took on a new look”, as the news report put it.

It’s a matter of balance, as one teacher put it.

10. (Para. 5) core: n.the most important or central part of sth.

(= The core of the book focuses on the period between 1660 and 1857.)

问题的关键是债务。

（＝Debt is at the core of the problem.）

Collocations:

the core of the problem

core curriculum

11. (Para. 6) shallow: adj. not interested in or not showing any understanding of important or serious matters — used to show disapproval

(=He’s only interested in your look, which shows how shallow he is.)

12.(Para. 7) initial: adj.happening at the beginning

The initial talks were the base of the later agreement.

(=最初的会谈是后来达成协议的基础。)

Collocations:

initial stage / phase / period of

the initial letter首字母

13. (Para. 7) one-off: adj. happening or done only once, not as part of a regular series

In fact the whole exercise was fairly straight forward, except for one problem which required a one-off solution.

14. (Para. 7) confrontation: n.a situation in which there is a lot of angry disagreement

between two people or groups

(= Julia had stayed in her room to avoid any more confrontation.)

They sense this may develop into a confrontation between teachers.

Pattern:

confrontation with / between

15. (Para. 8) resentment: n.a feeling of anger because sth. has happened that you think

is unfair

(= Tom stared at the other boys with resentment.)

*She was filled with deep resentment at being passed over for promotion.

Collocation:

feel / harbour / bear resentment

CF: resentment & offence

这两个名词均有“愤怒、怨恨”之意。

resentment指因受到侮辱或自尊心受到伤害而产生的怨恨。例如:

She cherished a deep resentment towards her employer for having denied her

a promotion.

Everyone feels resentment at being treated unfairly.

offence 指因为话语或者行为而感到生气，语气没有resentment强烈。例如：

I hope you will not take any offence at my words.

She easily takes offence.

16. (Para. 9) tackle v. try to deal with a difficult problem

It took twelve fire engines to tackle the blaze .

There is more than one way to tackle the problem.

(＝解决这个问题有许多方法。)

The question set by the teacher was so difficult that the pupils did not know how to tackle it.

17. (L45) innocent: adj. not guilty of a crime

(=Nobody would believe that I was innocent.)

*Can you provide any evidence that he was innocent of the crime?

(=你能提供证据证明他没有犯这罪吗?)

Pattern:

innocent of

18. (Para. 9) functional: adj.designed to be useful rather than beautiful or attractive These buildings are beautifully designed, not purely functional.

Note:

functional 的反义词为decorative

19. (Para. 10) peel: v.

1. if skin, paper, or paint peels, it comes off, usually in small pieces; lose an outer layer or surface

(=The paper was peeling from the wall.)

The bark peels off.

My skin always peels after I’ve been in the sun.

2. remove the outer layer from sth.; remove the skin from fruit or vegetables Peel the label from the jar.

(=撕下这个瓶罐的标签。.)

请剥开这只香蕉的皮。

(=Please peel this banana.)

20. (Para. 10) flaw: n. a mistake, mark, or weakness that makes sth. imperfect

A design flaw caused the engine to explode.

A flaw in the crystal caused it to shatter.

Pattern:

flaw in

CF: flaw & defect

这两个名词均有“缺陷”之意。

flaw表示存在或出现瑕疵，使某物不完美。例如:

The flaw in the weapon was its inability to fire rapidly.

The length of her white gloves was the only flaw in her appearance.

defect常常表示一个缺陷非常严重，以致完全妨碍了某种功能的发挥。例如:

A defect in the fuel lines prevented the missile from blasting off.

21. (Para. 13) at peace (with): a situation in which there is no war or fighting

The country is at peace with its neighbours for the first time in years.

22. (Para. 14) nurture: v. help a plan, idea, feeling, etc. to develop

It is important to nurture potential in your employees.

(=Reading aloud nurtures the love of books in children.)

23. (Para.15)alternative: n.an alternative idea, plan etc is different from the one you

have and can be used instead

We have no alternative but to go on.

(=除了继续下去，我们没有别的选择。)

There was no other alternative but to fight till the victory.

CF: choice, alternative & option

这三个名词均有“选择”之意。

choice指从几样东西中选择，强调选择的自由度。例如:

New stocks have just arrived, so the shop now has a large choice of goods.

The blue one is my choice.

alternative 多指从两者之间做出选择，强调选择的范围受到限制。例如：

You have the alternative of staying in high school or going to work. option指在特定条件下作出的选择，强调选择的可能性。例如：

None of the options are satisfactory.

There are three options open to us.

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