定语从句(讲义及答案).
定语从句
一、定语从句概念回顾
在复合句中作定语，修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句，叫定语从句。
I love the stories that are very interesting.
I like the singers who write their own music.
先行词：定语从句所修饰的词
关系词：1.连接主从句 2.代替先行词 3.在定语从句中作成分
二、定语从句的翻译
英译汉：“……的……”
I know the girl who is under the tree.
主句：我认识那个女孩。
从句：那个女孩站在树下。
合并：我认识站在树下的那个女孩。
I remember the day when you got the prize.
主句：我记得那一天。
从句：那一天你得奖了。
合并：我记得你得奖的那一天。
汉译英：
我找到了他丢的那支钢笔。
主句：I found the pen.
从句：He lost the pen.
合并：I found the pen which he lost.
这就是我爸爸工作的那家工厂。
主句：This is the factory.
从句：My father works in the factory.
合并：This is the factory where my father works.
三、关系词的分类
关系词分为两种：
关系代词：that, which, who, whom, whose (主/宾/定)
关系副词：when, where, why (状)
四、定语从句中只用that 的情况
当先行词是物时，一般情况下用which、that 都可以，但以下情况只能用that 来引导。
1.当先行词为all, none, much, little, the one, anything, nothing 等不定代词时，只用that。
All that you like is very good.
Everything that we have seen in China is moving.
2.当先行词前面有all, any, no 等修饰时，只用that。
I want to read all the books that are about history.
Do you have any ideas that can help us?
3.当先行词被序数词、形容词最高级或the only, the very, the last, just 等修饰时，只用that。
The first thing that we should do is to get some food.
This is the best movie that I have ever seen.
This is the only book that I want to read.
4.先行词中既有人又有物时，只用that。
The writer and his novel that you have talked about are really famous.
5.当主句是以特殊疑问词开头的特殊疑问句时，只用that。
Which is the course that we are to take?
Who is the boy that is playing baseball?
6.当主句以There be 结构开头，且先行词作其主语时，只用that。
There is a seat in the corner that is still free.
There are two books on history that are for you.
单选：
( )1. I hope that the little I have been able to do can help
them.
A. which
B. what
C. that
D. whom
( )2. They talked about the people and places they had
visited.
A. which
B. that
C. who
D. whom
( )3. The third room windows are big is ours.
A. that
B. which
C. whose
D. who
( )4. This is the most beautiful city I’ve ever seen.
A. which
B. that
C. who
D. whom
( )5. I live in Shanghai I like now.
A. which
B. what
C. who
D. whom
( )6. Who is the man is waiting at the school gate?
A. which
B. what
C. that
D. whom
( )7. There is a present on the table is for you.
A. which
B. that
C. who
D. whom
五、定语从句中的关系副词
1.when 表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。
I still remember the year. In the year you visited Henan.
合成定语从句：I still remember the year when you visited Henan.
I will never forget the day. On the day I joined the Party.
合成定语从句：I will never forget the day when I joined the Party.
2.where 表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。
That is the school. In the school I studied ten years ago.
合成定语从句：That is the school where I studied ten years ago.
Zhengzhou is the city. In the city I got my first job.
合成定语从句：Zhengzhou is the city where I got my first job.
3.why 表示原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，其先行词是表示原因的reason 一词。
We don’t know the reason. For the reason he was late.
合成定语从句：We don’t know the reason why he was late.
Can you tell me the reason? For the reason you left Xi’an.
合成定语从句：Can you tell me the reason why you left Xi’an?
用适当的词填空：
1.This is the town he was born.
2.The reason he refused the invitation is not clear.
3.Tell me the time Lily will come.
4.This is the house I lived yesterday.
5.I forgot the day he went to Beijing.
??易混点：
当先行词是表示时间或地点的词时，要特别注意其在从句中的成分。若在从句中充当状语成分，用关系副词；若是其他成分则用关系代词。
1.T his is the mountain village I visited last year.
2.This is the mountain village I stayed last year.
3.I will never forget the days I spent in the village.
4.I will never forget the days I lived with my aunt.
练习：
1.She didn’t tell me the reason she left Beijing.
2.There comes a time you have to make a choice.
3.Don’t forget the time I’ve told you.
4.That’s the hospital he worked last year.
5.He works in a factory makes TV sets.
六、Exercises
（一）单选
( )1. The first thing my brother is going to do this
afternoon is to write a letter.
A. which
B. that
C. why
D. who
( )2. This is the school we visited last year.
A. that
B. where
C. who
D. whose
( )3. There’s no difficulty we can’t overcome.
A. which
B. that
C. who
D. whom
( )4. This is the garden I met John yesterday.
A. that
B. where
C. who
D. which
( )5. It’s bad for health to hurry to move into a house has
new furniture in it.
A. who
B. where
C. that
D. whom
( )6. I still remember the college and the teachers I visited
in London years ago.
A. what
B. who
C. that
D. which
( )7. I’ll never forget the day we met each other last week.
A. which
B. that
C. when
D. who ( )8. I still remember the days I spent learning math.
A. which
B. whom
C. when
D. who ( )9. This is the reason he gave up smoking.
A. whom
B. which
C. who
D. why ( )10. The house the writer used to live is now a museum.
A. which
B. that
C. where
D. there （二）用that, when, where 填空
11.I still remember the night I first came to the house.
12.I will never forget the days I spent with your family.
13.This is the school I used to study.
14.Have you ever been to Hainan is beautiful?
15.I live in Beijing many foreigners visit every year.
16.We all remember the day he came to Xi’an.
（三）翻译
17.你正在寻找的书在桌子上。
18.你曾经去过杭州吗？它因西湖(the West Lake)而出名。
19.这就是他成功的原因。
20.这是一本许多人都喜欢的书。
21.他知道Lily 学习努力的原因。
22.Tom 将要去上海，他的哥哥现在住在那里。
23.The room whose door is open is mine.
24.He is the only person that can help you.
25.This park is a good place where I spend the weekend.
26.The movie that we saw last night was boring.
参考答案
四、定语从句中只用that 的情况
1-7 CBABA CB
五、定语从句中的关系副词
1. where
2. why
3. when
4. where
5. when
??易混点：
1.that/which
2.where
3.that/which
4.when
练习
1.why
2.when
3.that/which
4.where
5.that/which
六、Exercises
（一）单选
1-5 BABBC 6-10 CCADC
（二）用that, when, where 填空
11when 12 that/which 13 where 14 that/which 15 that/which 16.when （三）翻译
17.The book you are looking for is on the desk/table.
18.Have you ever been to hangzhou that/which is famous for the West Lake?
19.This is the reason why he succeeded.
20.This is a book that many people like.
21.He knew why Lily studied hard.
22.Tom will go to Shanghai where his brother lives.
23.开着门的那个房间是我的。
24.他是唯一可以帮助你的人。
25.他是唯一可以帮助你的人。
26.昨晚我们看的那场电影很无趣。