(完整word版)《庖丁解牛》翻译及练习
《庖丁解牛》翻译及练习
庖丁解牛第一段原文及翻译
庖丁为文惠君解牛，手之所触，肩之所倚，足之所履，膝之所踦，砉然向然，奏刀騞然，莫不中音。合于《桑林》之舞，乃中《经首》之会。
翻译:厨师给梁惠王宰牛。手所接触的地方，肩膀所倚靠的地方，脚所踩的地方，膝盖所顶的地方，哗哗作响，进刀时豁豁地，没有不合音律的：合乎《桑林》舞乐的节拍，又合乎《经首》乐曲的节奏。
庖丁解牛第二段原文及翻译
文惠君曰：“嘻，善哉！技盖至此乎？”
翻译:梁惠王说：“嘻，好啊！技术怎么竟会高超到这种程度啊？”
庖丁解牛第三段原文及翻译
庖丁释刀对曰：“臣之所好者道也，进乎技矣。始臣之解牛之时，所见无非牛者。三年之后，未尝见全牛也。方今之时，臣以神遇而不以目视，官知止而神欲行。依乎天理，批大郤，导大窾，因其固然，技经肯綮之未尝，而况大軱乎！良庖岁更刀，割也；族庖月更刀，折也。今臣之刀十九年矣，所解数千牛矣，而刀刃若新发于硎。彼节者有间，而刀刃者无厚；以无厚入有间，恢恢乎其于游刃必有余地矣，是以十九年而刀刃若新发于硎。虽然，每至于族，吾见其难为，怵然为戒，视为止，行为迟。动刀甚微，謋然已解，如土委地。提刀而立，为之四顾，为之踌躇满志，善刀而藏之。”
翻译:厨师放下刀回答说：“我所爱好的，是规律，超过技术了。开始我宰牛的时候，眼里所看到的没有不是牛的；三年以后，不再能见到整头的牛了。现在，我凭精神和牛接触，而不用眼睛去看，视觉停止了而精神在活动。依照天然结构，击入牛体筋骨缝隙，顺着空处进刀，依照牛体本来的构造，筋脉经络相连的地方和筋骨结合的地方，尚且不曾拿刀碰到过，更何况大骨呢！技术好的厨师每年更换一把刀，割断筋肉；一般的厨师每月更换一把刀，砍断骨头。如今，我的刀十九年，所宰的牛有几千头了，但刀刃的锋利就象刚从磨刀石上磨出来的一样。那牛的骨节有间隙，而刀刃很薄；用很薄的插入有空隙的，宽宽绰绰地，对刀刃的运转必然是有余地的啊！因此，十九年来，刀刃还象刚从磨刀石上磨出来的一样。虽然是这样，每当碰到交错聚结的地方，我看到那里很难下刀，就小心翼翼地提高警惕，视力集中到一点，动作缓慢下来，动起刀来非常轻，豁啦一声，解开了，就象泥土散落在地上一样。提着刀站立起来，为此举目四望，为此志得意满，把刀擦抹干净，收藏起来。”
庖丁解牛第四段原文及翻译
文惠君曰：“善哉，吾闻庖丁之言，得养生焉。”
翻译:梁惠王说：“好啊！我听了厨师的这番话，懂得了养生的道理了。”
庖丁解牛练习设计
1、对下列句子中加点的词的解释，不正确的一项是
A 嘻，善哉！技盖至此乎？盖：大概
B 批大却，导大窾，因其固然批：劈击
C 动刀甚微，謋然已解，如土委地委：卸落、坠下
D 善刀而藏之善：修治
2、下列各组句子中，加点的词语的意义和用法相同的一组是
A 庖丁为文惠君解牛
为之四顾，为之踌躇满志
B 今臣之刀十九年矣
始臣之解牛之时
C 而刀刃若新发于硎
提刀而立
D 臣以神遇而不以目视
以无厚入有间
3下列各句对文章的阐述，不正确的一项是
A 《庖丁解牛》论理深刻透彻，层层相扣，逻辑严密。先说“所好者道也”，提纲挈领；然后具体分析解牛经过的三个阶段；最后，以“怵然为戒”说明要想获得自然之道以达到养生的目的，还必须注意在关键的地方小心谨慎，专心致志。
B 文章语言精练而富有表现力。“触、倚、履、踦”四个字活灵活现地再现了庖丁解牛的娴熟技术；比拟庖丁解牛进刀合《桑林》之舞，中《经首》之会，有声有色；解牛结束“提刀而立，为之四顾，为之踌躇满志”的怡然自得神态跃然纸上。
C 庖丁技艺高超的原因主要是三个方面：其一，强调对技术的追求。其二，在反复实践中积累经验，探求规律，运用规律。其三，谨慎小心，尊重规律，“怵然为戒，视为止，行为迟。动刀甚微”，从来不骄傲大意。
D《庖丁解牛》阐明了庄子养生之道。其主观意图是宣传消极处世的人生哲学，在人类社会中，人们只有像庖丁那样避开矛盾；客观上却告诉人们，只要反复实践，积累经验，就能像庖丁一样，认识和掌握事物的规律，做到“游刃有余”。
4、下面对文句的理解不正确的一项是
A 良庖岁更刀，割也；族庖月更刀，折也。
技术好的厨师每年更换一把刀，割断筋肉；一般的厨师每月更换一把刀，砍断骨头。
此句是庖丁用自己的技法高超来反衬“良庖”“族庖”技法的拙劣。
B 彼节者有间，而刀刃者无厚；以无厚入有间，恢恢乎其于游刃必有余地矣！是以十九年而刀刃若新发于硎。
那牛的骨节有间隙，而刀刃没厚度；用很薄的插入有空隙的，宽宽绰绰地，对于刀刃的运转必然是有余地的啊！因此，十九年来，刀刃还像刚从磨刀石上磨出来的一样。
对上文做了总结，揭示了十九年屠牛数千而锋刃如初的根本原因。
C 虽然，每至于族，吾见其难为，怵然为戒，视为止，行为迟。动刀甚微.
虽然是这样，每当碰到交错聚结的地方，我看到那里很难下刀，就小心翼翼地提高警惕，视力集中到一点，动作缓慢下来，动起刀来非常轻。
活画出庖丁的神情举止，“怵然为戒”，显示出他的高度警惕，“视为止”，目不斜视，视线固定。“行为迟”，行动迟缓，见出细心谨慎。
D 提刀而立，为之四顾，为之踌躇满志；善刀而藏之。
提着刀站立，为此举目四望，为此志得意满，把刀擦抹干净，收藏起来。
这几句写庖丁解牛成功之后怡然自得、踌躇满志的神态动作。所谓“四顾”是示意观赏的人看一看自己的“神技”。寥寥数语，一副怡然自得的神态跃然纸上。
答案： A D C A
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