【英语】高一英语语法填空技巧小结及练习题含解析

【英语】高一英语语法填空技巧小结及练习题含解析

一、高中英语语法填空

1．Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blanks with the proper form of the given word; for the blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

When I worked part-time in a local bookstore at my early age -- so easily - pictured, if you do not work in one, as a kind of paradise where not only ________ one read his own favorite books but also encounter charming young ladies (one of my personal fantasies) who browse eternally among Toni Morrison or Ernest Hemingwast thing that chiefly struck me was that really bookish people are a rarity, ________ there are vast numbers of those who consider themselves to be such. Often they will introduce themselves when they enter the bookshop ________ 'book people' and insist on telling you that 'we love books'. They will wear T-shirts or carry bags with slogans explaining exactly how much they think they adore books. It is clear that the way they dress themselves is quite similar to that of us bookish people, but that is ________ the similarities between them and us begin and end. And ________ (sure) means of identifying them is that they never, ever buy books.

These days it is so rare that I find time to read that, when I do, it feels like indulgence, more so than any, other sensory experience. When an important relationship in my twenties ________ (break) up the only thing I could do was to read, and I amassed a pile of books ________ I sank and escaped from the world around me and inside me. The landscapes of Yu Hua, Wang Shou, Ernest Hemingway, George Orwell, Fyodor Dostoyevsky, Harper Lee and others protected me from my own thoughts, which were pushed into the background, where ________ could silently process without bothering me. I created a physical wall on my desk, ________ (make) from the books, and as I read them the wall slowly came down until it was gone.

In a more real sense, books are the best way in which one enriches his own life and the enormous numbers of them out there in the world excite me, especially when I visit second-hand bookstores with no intention ________ (search) for a certain book. It is like casting a net and never knowing what you will find when you gather it in. As Goglo put in it in Dead Souls: "Once, long ago, in the years of my youth, in the years of my childhood, which have flashed irretrievably(不能挽回地）by, it was a joy for me to drive for the very first time to a place unknown."

【答案】can；although；as；where；the surest；broke；into which；they；made；to search

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者记叙了自己热爱读书的感受以及读书对自己的影响。

（1）考查情态动词。句意：在书店里，一个人不仅可以阅读自己喜欢的书，还会遇到迷人的年轻女士，她们总是在托妮·莫里森和欧内斯特·赫明之间流连。根据句意，该空表示“可以，能够”，故填can。

（2）考查状语从句。句意：让我印象最深刻的是，真正爱读书的人是罕见的，尽管有很多人认为自己是这样的人。根据句意，该空表示“尽管”，且引导从句，故填although。

（3）考查介词。句意：当他们走进书店的时候，他们通常会自我介绍为“读书人”，并坚持告诉你“我们爱书”。根据语境，该空意为“当作，作为”，故填as。

（4）考查表语从句。句意：很明显，他们的穿着和我们这些书呆子很相似，但这就是他们和我们之间的相似之处开始和结束的地方。该空引导表语从句，空处作地点状语，故用where引导该从句。故填where。

（5）考查形容词。句意：确定他们身份的最可靠的方法就是他们从来没有买过书。该空修饰名词means，应用形容词的某种形式，结合语境，该处表示“最可靠的方法”，应用最高级形式，故填the surest。

（6）考查时态。句意：当我二十多岁的时候，一段重要的关系破裂了，我唯一能做的事情就是读书。该空作谓语，且叙述的是作者二十多岁的时候的情况（即：过去的情况），应用一般过去时态，故填broke。

（7）考查定语从句。句意：我积攒了一堆书，沉浸其中，逃离我周围和内心的世界。___7___ I sank是定语从句，修饰books。sink into固定短语“陷入到……中”。books作into 的宾语，先行词为物，应用关系代词which代之。综上，该从句应用into which引导。故填into which。

（8）考查代词。句意：余华、王守、海明威、乔治·奥威尔、陀思妥耶夫斯基、哈珀·李等人的风景保护着我，使我不受自己思想的干扰，我的思想被推到背景中，在那里它们可以无声无息地进行，而不打扰我。where ___8___ could silently process without bothering me 是定语从句，修饰my thoughts，该空在从句中作主语，指代my thoughts，指代复数名词用they。故填they。

（9）考查非谓语动词。句意：我在我的书桌上用书做了一堵实体墙，当我读它们的时候，这堵墙慢慢地倒了下来，直到消失。_______ (make) from the books是定语，修饰a physical wall。a physical wall和make之间是被动关系，应用过去分词作定语。故填made。（10）考查非谓语动词。句意：从更真实的意义上说，书籍是丰富自己生活的最好方式，而世界上大量的书籍让我兴奋不已，尤其是当我去二手书店却无意寻找某本书的时候。_______ (search) for a certain book是定语，修饰intention，intention后常接动词不定式作定语，意为“……的打算，……的意图”。故填to search。

【点评】本题考点涉及情态动词，状语从句，介词，表语从句，形容词，时态，定语从句，代词，非谓语动词等多个知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。

2．阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

The Mid-Autumn Day is a very important traditional festival in China. It takes its name from the fact that it ________(celebrate) in the middle of the autumn season. The Mid-Autumn Festival falls on the 15th day of the ________ (eight) lunar month. The day is known as the Moon Festival, as at that time of the year the moon is at its roundest and ________(bright). It is an evening celebration in ________ families gather together and eat moon cakes. Besides, ________(make) the house more beautiful, people will hang red lanterns in front of it. On that day, people look back on the past and look forward to the future together. Children will play with their own

________(toy) and enjoy themselves.

The Mid-Autumn Festival celebrations date back ________ more than 2,000 years. The word "Mid-Autumn" first ________(appear) in the famous ancient book Zhou Li. However, it was not until the early Tang Dynasty that people celebrated the day as a traditional festival. It became an ________(official) established festival during the Song Dynasty, and has become as popular as the Spring Festival since the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Celebrations have continued ever since and more customs for ________(mark) this occasion have been formed.

【答案】is celebrated；eighth；brightest；which；to make；toys；to；appeared；officially；marking

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中秋节。说明了中秋节的时间、节日活动以及节日的历史。

（1）考查时态语态。句意：它的名字来源于它是在秋季中期举行的庆祝活动。本句中主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，且描述客观事实应用一般现在时。主语为it，谓语动词用第三人称单数。故填is celebrated。

（2）考查数词。句意：中秋节在农历八月十五。中秋节是在农历的“第八个”月份，故应用序数词“第八”eighth。故填eighth。

（3）考查形容词。句意：这一天被称为中秋节，因为在一年的这个时候，月亮是最圆最亮的。根据上文roundest and可知应填形容词最高级，表示“最亮的”，故填brightest。（4）考查定语从句。句意：这是一个晚上的庆祝活动，家人聚在一起吃月饼。本句为“介词+关系代词”结构定语从句修饰先行词an evening celebration，且做介词in的宾语，指“庆祝”活动应用关系代词which。故填which。

（5）考查非谓语动词。句意：此外，为了使房子更漂亮，人们会在房子前面挂红灯笼。本句中make做非谓语动词，表目的应用不定式。故填to make。

（6）考查名词。句意：孩子们会玩自己的玩具，玩得很开心。toy为可数名词，根据上文their可知玩具不止一个应用复数形式。故填toys。

（7）考查介词。句意：中秋节的庆祝活动可以追溯到2000多年前。date back to固定短语，“追溯到”，故填to。

（8）考查时态。句意：“中秋”一词最早出现在著名的古籍《周礼》中。此处描述“中秋”一词最早出现，应用一般过去时。故填appeared。

（9）考查副词。句意：它在宋朝成为正式确立的节日，自明清以来就和春节一样流行。修饰动词establish应用副词，故填officially。

（10）考查非谓语动词。句意：从那以后，庆祝活动一直在继续，并形成了更多纪念这一时刻的习俗。for为介词后跟动名词作宾语，故填marking。

【点评】本题考点涉及时态语态，数词，形容词，定语从句，非谓语动词，名词，介词，副词，非谓语动词等多个知识点的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。

3．阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

When an important holiday comes, I usually think of what gifts to buy or prepare for my family

members. It is the act itself rather than the thing you buy that ________(matter). Either a small present, a text message or a phone call can mean a lot to the receivers. ________, I had never got anything from my son, who is a university student. Parents never forget to celebrate their children's birthday, but their children seem to be very ________ (forget). They seldom do something in return.

Life is unpredictable, and you never know what will happen tomorrow. When my son came back during the summer vacation, my wife and I, as usual, ________ (meet) him at the station. On arriving home, much ________ my surprise, my son took out a wrist watch and gave it to me, ________ (say) it was a birthday gift for me. It is a very fashionable watch, ________ shows not only hours, minutes and seconds but days as well. You can imagine how surprised and excited I was at that moment.

Some people say children get too much care and love from their parents and just take them for granted. It is natural for people to have such concerns and ________(worry), but things may not turn out as badly as________ (expect). We need to look more at the positive side of life, as a famous writer once said, "Life is ________best classroom one can never get."

【答案】 matters；However；forgetful；met；to；saying；which；worries；expected；the 【解析】【分析】短文大意：本文讲述父母常常记得儿女的生日，而儿女很少记得父母的生日。但作者的儿子给他意外的惊喜。

（1）句意：重要的是你买礼物这个行动本身而不是你买的东西。强调主语the act itself应为第三人称，故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，故填matters。

（2）句意：然而，我从没收到任何来自我身为一个大学生的儿子的礼物。根据下文Parents never forget to celebrate their children's birthday父母从来不会忘记庆祝他们孩子的生日，They seldom do something in return.他们几乎不会做任何事情回报父母。故此处表示转折，用however，然而。句首首字母要大写。故填However。

（3）句意：父母从来不会忘记庆祝他们孩子的生日，但孩子们似乎非常健忘。very为副词，应修饰形容词，forgetful健忘的。故填forgetful。

（4）句意：当儿子暑假回来，通常，妻子和我到车站去接他。根据前文when my son came back，可知此处应用一般过去时，故填met。

（5）句意：一回到家，令我很惊讶的是，他拿出了一个腕表给我，说它是我的生日礼物。to one's surprise为固定搭配，故填to。

（6）句意：一回到家，令我很惊讶的是，他拿出了一个腕表给我，说它是我的生日礼物。say这个动作伴随着给我腕表这个动作的发生，做伴随状语，用现在分词saying，故填saying。

（7）句意：它是一款非常时尚的手表，不仅显示时、分、秒，也显示日期。shows not only hours, minutes and seconds but days as well.是非限定定语从句，修饰watch，指物，连词用which，故填which。

（8）句意：对于人们来说有这样的关注和担心很正常，但事情并非我们所预料的那样糟。and连接两个并列成分，前后要一致，concerns是名词复数，worry用复数形式worries。故填worries。

（9）句意：对于人们来说有这样的关注和担心很正常，但事情并非我们所预料的那样

糟。as expected为固定短语，正如希望的那样，故填expected。

（10）句意：生命是一个人永远无法得到最好的课堂。定冠词the修饰形容词最高级，故填the。

【点评】考查动词时态、副词用法、形容词、固定搭配、非谓语动词、名词单复数以及冠词。先通读全文，理解文章大意。再细读文章，分析句子成分及含义逐一作答，最后再读文章，修正错误。

4．阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

According to Chinese speaking practice, lion is a special animal to Chinese people. A pair of stone lions, a male ________ a female, are ________(common) seen in front of the gates of traditional building.

The lion ________(regard) as the king in the animal world, so ________(it) images represent power and prestige. The stone lions are also used to indicate the ranks of officials.

It is interesting to note that China had no lions originally. The earliest stone lions were sculpted ________ the beginning of the Eastern Han Dynasty from A. D. 25 to 220 with ________ introduction of Buddhism(佛教) into ancient China. In the Buddhist faith, the lion, ________ can protect the truth and keep off evils, is considered a divine animal of nobleness and dignity. In Chinese folk tales, the lion has become a symbol of ________ (brave), power and good luck.

It was also popular to decorate bridges with stone sculpted lions for the defending reason. The ________(well) known of bridges is the Lugouqiao, ________(build )from 1189 to 1192.

【答案】 and；commonly；is regarded；its；at；the；which；bravery；best；built

【解析】【分析】短文大意：本文主要讲述了石狮子的象征，历史和用途。

（1）句意：一对石狮子，一只雄狮子和一只雌狮子，一般在传统建筑的门前能够看见。一对狮子，雌和雄应该是并列关系，故填and。

（2）句意：一对石狮子，一只雄狮子和一只雌狮子，一般在传统建筑的门前能够看见。修饰seen用副词，commonly，通常地。故填commonly。

（3）句意：狮子被认为是动物界的王者，所以它的形象代表权利和威望。be regarded as 被认为是，此处为固定搭配，故填be regarded。

（4）句意：狮子被认为是动物界的王者，所以它的形象代表权利和威望。images为名词，it是人称代词，此处用形容词性物主代词its它的，修饰名词。故填its。

（5）句意：最早的石狮子从公元25-220年，随着佛教流传入古代中国，在东汉初期被雕刻出来。at the beginning of意为在……的开端，为固定搭配。故填at。

（6）句意：最早的石狮子从公元25-220年，随着佛教流传入古代中国，在东汉初期被雕刻出来。此处特指佛教在古代中国的流传，应用定冠词，故填the。

（7）句意：在佛教的信仰中，石狮子能够保护真理驱走邪恶，被视为是高贵庄严的神圣动物。can protect the truth and keep off evils是非限性定语从句，先行词是the lion，关系词用which。故填which。

（8）句意：在中国神话故事中，狮子成了勇敢，力量和好运的象征。and连接并列成分，保持形式一致。power和luck都是名词，brave变成名词bravery，勇气。故填bravery。（9）句意：最有名的是桥是被建于1189年至1192年的卢沟桥。the+形容词最高级，表

示最……故填best。

（10）句意：最有名的是桥是被建于1189年至1192年的卢沟桥。主语是the Lugouqiao，被建造，用被动语态，此处做后置定语修饰名词，省略be动词，用过去分词built。故填built。

【点评】考查连词、副词、代词、固定搭配、冠词、非限定性定语从句、名词、副词最高级和非谓语动词。先通读全文，理解文章大意。再细读文章，分析句子成分及含义逐一作答，最后再读文章，修正错误。

5．阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或摘号内单词的正确形式。

Students at a primary school in Hangzhou had their first class________March 1st on movable type. This is________ ancient Chinese printing system.

The West Lake Primary School in Zhejiang Province introduced the course at the beginning of this new term. So far, the school________(invite) an expert in Chinese characters culture to the campus,________major responsibility is to teach students how to use the ancient printing technology. Students attend lectures on the history of movable type along with ________(interest) classes on typesetting and printing. They then print their own document, ________(apply) the knowledge they've learned. One student printed her________(new) written essay "Whether the traditional red envelopes kids receive belong to them or their parents?"________(know) as one of the four great inventions of ancient China, movable type printing ________(invent) by Bi Sheng in the 1040s during the Song Dynasty, and it is the world's first system of movable type printing.

The school said the course is aimed at improving the students' awareness of Chinese characters and their ________(appreciate) of Chinese culture.

【答案】on；an；has invited；whose；interesting；applying；newly；Known；was invented；appreciation

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，3月1日,杭州一所小学的学生上了他们的第一节活字课的情况。该校表示,这门课程旨在提高学生的汉字意识和对中国文化的欣赏。

（1）考查介词。句意：3月1日,杭州一所小学的学生上了他们的第一节活字课。根据下文March 1st可知在具体的某一天应用介词on，故填on。

（2）考查冠词。句意：这是一个古老的中国印刷系统。system为可数名词,此处表示泛指,且ancient为元音音素开头,故填不定冠词an，填an。

（3）考查时态。句意：到目前为止,学校已经邀请了一位汉字文化专家,他的主要职责是教学生如何使用古代的印刷技术。根据上文So far可知应用现在完成时,且主语为单数名词,故填has invited。

（4）考查定语从句。句意：到目前为止,学校已经邀请了一位汉字文化专家,他的主要职责是教学生如何使用古代的印刷技术。本句为定语从句修饰先行词an expert,且先行词在从句中做定语,故填关系代词whose。

（5）考查形容词。句意：学生们参加有关活字历史的讲座,以及有关排字和印刷的有趣课程。classes为名词,指物需要-ing结尾形容词修饰,故填interesting。

（6）考查非谓语动词。句意：然后他们将所学的知识打印成自己的文档。apply做非谓语

动词与逻辑主语they构成主动关系,故用现在分词，填applying。

（7）考查副词。句意：一名学生打印了她新写的论文《孩子们收到的传统红包是自己的还是父母的?》。修饰形容词written应用副词,故填newly。

（8）考查非谓语动词。句意: 活字印刷术被称为中国古代四大发明之一,活字印刷术是毕升在10世纪40年代宋朝时发明的,是世界上最早的活字印刷系统。本句中know做非谓语动词与逻辑主语movable type printing构成被动,故用过去分词，填Known。

（9）考查时态语态。句意: 活字印刷术被称为中国古代四大发明之一,活字印刷术是毕升在10世纪40年代宋朝时发明的,是世界上最早的活字印刷系统。本句主语与谓语动词构成被动关系,且根据下文in the 1040s during the Song Dynasty可知应用一般过去时,故填was invented。

（10）考查名词。句意：该校表示,这门课程旨在提高学生的汉字意识和对中国文化的欣赏。根据上文their为形容词性物主代词修饰名词,故填appreciation。

【点评】本题考点涉及介词，冠词，时态，定语从句，形容词，非谓语动词，副词，语态以及名词等多个知识点的考查，是一篇新闻报道，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。

6．阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

When it comes to climate change, language does count. In March, the Guardian changed________(it) wording –using "global heating" instead of "global warming" , after scientists found that Earth's temperature is set ________(rise) from between 2.5C and 4.5C. And on May 1, the UK parliament declared a "climate emergency", ________(become)the first parliament to do so.

If with "global warming", we're still inside our comfort zone of handling the situation, entering the state of "global heating" is like heading to a point ________ the delicate balance of nature is disturbed so much that there is no turning back. Everything will be changing: Coral will die, polar bears will lose their habitats completely, and extreme________ (weather) like droughts and heavy storms will happen at a higher________ (frequent). There is no denying that we're entering a climate emergency.

Decades ago when the science on the climate issue was first increasing, the impacts could be seen as an issue for future generations," but now it's ________(definite) our issue, ________shift we all are living together.

However, getting these messages ________ is far from enough. It depends on each to find a solution –if there are any solutions left to find. The UK's Labor leader Jeremy urged that "we ________(take) rapid and dramatic action now".

Indeed, language matters. But action matters even more.

【答案】its；to rise；becoming；where；weathers/weather；frequency；definitely；the；through/across；(should)take

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，谈到气候变化，语言的确很重要。今年3月，在科学家发现地球温度将从2.5度上升到4.5度之后，《卫报》改变了它的措辞——使用"全球

变热"而不是"全球变暖"。

（1）考查代词。句意：今年3月，在科学家发现地球温度将从2.5度上升到4.5度之后，《卫报》改变了它的措辞——使用"全球变热"而不是"全球变暖"。文中表示"它的措辞"，所以填its。

（2）考查非谓语动词。句意：今年3月，在科学家发现地球温度将从2.5度上升到4.5度之后，《卫报》改变了它的措辞——使用"全球变热"而不是"全球变暖"。set to do固定短语，“开始做”，故填to rise。

（3）考查非谓语动词。句意：5月1日，英国议会宣布进入"气候紧急状态"，成为第一个这样做的议会。become的逻辑主语是the UK parliament，它们之间是主动关系，用现在分词作状语，所以填becoming。

（4）考查定语从句。句意：如果在"全球变暖"的情况下，我们仍然在自己的舒适区处理这种情况，进入"全球变热"的状态，就像走向一个点，大自然的微妙平衡被扰乱得如此之多，没有回头路。 4 the delicate balance of nature is disturbed so much that there is no turning back.是一个定语从句，先行词是a point，关系词在从句中作地点状语，所以填关系副词where。

（5）考查名词。句意：珊瑚将会死亡，北极熊将完全失去它们的栖息地，干旱和暴风雨等极端天气将会以更高的频率发生。该空作句子主语用名词，单数或复数均可，所以填weathers/weather。

（6）考查名词。句意：珊瑚将会死亡，北极熊将完全失去它们的栖息地，干旱和暴风雨等极端天气将会以更高的频率发生。介词之后，用名词，所以填frequency。

（7）考查副词。句意：几十年前，当气候问题的科学研究刚刚起步时，其影响可能会被视为未来几代人的问题，但现在这绝对是我们的问题，我们都生活在一起的转变。修饰整个句子，用副词，所以填definitely。

（8）考查冠词。句意：几十年前，当气候问题的科学研究刚刚起步时，其影响可能会被视为未来几代人的问题，但现在这绝对是我们的问题，我们都生活在一起的转变。特指"这个转变"，用定冠词，所以填the。

（9）考查介词。句意：然而，仅仅理解这些信息是远远不够的。get through /across固定短语，“理解”，故填through/across。

（10）考查虚拟语气。that we 10 ( take) rapid and dramatic action now.是一个宾语从句，urge之后的宾语从句，宾语从句中用should + 动词原形，should可以被省略的虚拟语气，所以填(should)take。

【点评】本题考点涉及代词，非谓语动词，定语从句，名词，副词，冠词，介词以及虚拟语气等多个知识点的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。

7．语法填空

In China, the history of people planting and using bamboo can date back as far as 7000 years. As early as the Shang Dynasty, bamboo was being used in ancient peopled dally lives. It was used

for food, clothing, housing, transportation, ________ (music) instruments and even weapons.

The ________ (apply) of bamboo in science and technology is thrilling. In 251 BC, Li Bing, in Sichuan,________ (lead) the local people in building the Dujiang Weirs, the first irrigation network in the world, in which bamboo played ________ important role. The world's oldest water piper was also ________ (make) of bamboo. During the Han Dynasty, the people in Sichuan ________ (success) sank a 1600-metre-deep well with thick bamboo ropes. This technology did not spread to Europe ________ the 19th century, and it was by using the technology ________ the Americans drilled the first oil well in Pennsylvania in 1859.

In Chinese culture, bamboo is well-known as ________ of the "four gentlemen" in plants. To many distinguished men, bamboo is a symbol of goodness and honesty. It is always closely related to people of positive spirits. Bamboo culture contributes to encouraging People to hold on when ________ (face) tough situations.

【答案】 musical；application；led；an；made；successfully；until；that；one；facing 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了竹子在人类历史上所起的重要作用。

（1）考查形容词。空后是名词instruments，应该使用形容词作定语修饰该名词，故填musical。

（2）考查名词。前有定冠词the修饰，且该短语在句中作主语，所以使用名词，填application。

（3）考查时态。本句介绍历史上李冰在四川带领当地人修建都江堰的故事，所以使用一般过去时，句中的谓语动词应该使用过去式，填led。

（4）考查冠词。play a role in....固定短语，“在……中起作用”。形容词important作为动词修饰role，因为该词以元音音素开头，所以使用an，故填an。

（5）考查非谓语动词。be made of固定短语，“由……制成”。世界上最古老的水管也是由竹子制成的，故填made。

（6）考查副词。在英语中副词通常作状语修饰形容词、副词、动词或整个句子。本句中副词successfully修饰谓语动词，在句中作状语，故填successfully。

（7）考查连词。not...until...固定短语，“直到……才……”，该连词短语在句中引导时间状语从句。竹子直到19世纪才传到欧洲。故填until。

（8）考查强调句型。强调句型的基本结构是：It is/was+被强调成分+that/who+其他成分；本句中强调句型强调的是方式状语by using the technology，故填that。

（9）考查数词。句意：在中国文化中，竹子作为四君子之一而出名。one of + 名词复数表示“……之一”。故填one。

（10）考查非谓语动词。句意：竹子文化有助于鼓励人们在面对困难处境时坚持下去。本句连词when的后面省略了people are，故用现在分词，填facing。

【点评】本题考点涉及形容词，名词，时态，冠词，非谓语动词，副词，连词，强调句型以及数词等多个知识点的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。

8．After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and

grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

We want our children to succeed in school and, perhaps even more importantly, in life. But the paradox(悖论) is that our children can only truly succeed ________ they first learn how to fail. Consider the finding that world-class figure skaters fall over more often in practice than low-level figure skaters. Why are the really good skaters falling over the most?

The reason is actually quite simple. Top skaters are constantly challenging themselves in practice. ________ (stretch) their limitations, they keep trying their best. They fall over so often, but it is precisely why they learn so fast. Lower-level skaters have a quite different approach. They are always attempting jumps they can already do very easily, ________ (remain) within their comfort zone. This is why they don't fall over. In a superficial sense, they look successful, because they are always on their feet. Never ________ (fail) in practice prevents them from making progress.

________ is true of skating is also true of life. James Dyson worked through 5,126 prototypes (原型) for his newest vacuum before coming up with the design ________ made his fortune. These failures were essential to the pathway of learning. As Dyson put ________: "You can't develop new technology unless you test new ideas and learn when things go wrong. Failure is essential to invention."

In healthcare, however, things are very different. Clinicians don't like to admit to failure, partly because they have strongegos (自我) —particularly the senior doctors—and partly because they fear litigation (诉讼). The consequence is that ________ learning from failure, healthcare often covers up failure. The direct consequence is that the same mistakes ________ (repeat). According to the Journal of Patient Safety, 400,000 people die every year in American hospitals alone due to preventable error. ________ healthcare learns to respond positively to failure, things will not improve.

【答案】 if / when；To stretch；remaining；failing；What；which / that；it；instead of；are repeated；Until / Unless

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，只有先学会如何失败，才能真正成功，作者用这个道理告诉美国的医疗保健部门只有学会积极面对失败，医疗事故的情况才会好转。（1）考查状语从句。句意：但矛盾的是，我们的孩子只有先学会如何失败，才能真正成功。根据句意可知此处既可以用if引导条件状语从句，表示"如果……"，也可用when引导时间状语从句，表示"当……的时候"，故填if / when。

（2）考查非谓语动词。句意：为了突破自己的局限，他们一直在努力。根据句意可知此处表示目的，应该用不定式做目的状语，故填To stretch。

（3）考查非谓语动词。句意：他们总是尝试他们已经做得很容易的动作，保持在他们的舒适区内。They与remain之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，表示主动，用现在分词做状语，故填remaining。

（4）考查非谓语动词。句意：在实践中从不失败会阻碍他们进步。分析句子结构可知，此处用动名词做主语，故填failing。

（5）考查主语从句。句意：生活中的情况和滑冰的情况是一样的。此处为主语从句，从

句中缺少主语，故填What。

（6）考查定语从句。句意：詹姆斯·戴森为最新款的吸尘器设计了5126个原型，然后才想出了这个让他大赚一笔的设计。此处为定语从句，先行词为design，指物，关系词在从句中做主语，故填which / that。

（7）考查代词。句意：正如戴森所说的：除非你测试新想法，并在事情出错时学习，否则你不会开发出新技术，失败是发明的基础。as someone puts it固定句式。"正如某人所说"表示。put it"表达......"故填it。

（8）考查介词短语。句意：结果是，医疗保健往往掩盖失败，而不是从失败中吸取教训。根据句意可知此处表示"而不是"，故填instead of。

（9）考查时态语态。句意：其直接后果是一再地犯同样的错误。陈述的是客观事实，mistakes 与repeat之间是被动关系，所以用一般现在时的被动语态，故填are repeated。（10）考查连词。句意：除非医疗保健学会积极面对失败，否则情况不会好转（直到医疗保健学会积极面对失败，情况才会好转）。根据句意可知此处表示"除非"或"直到"，故填Until / Unless。

【点评】本题考点涉及状语从句，非谓语动词，主语从句，定语从句，代词，介词短语，时态语态以及连词等多个知识点的考查，是一篇人生感悟类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。

9．阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

Susan went to a boarding school. Here is one of the letters she wrote to ________parents from the school.

Dear Mom and Dad,

I'm afraid I have some very bad news for you. I have been very naughty and the school principal is very angry ________ me. She is going to write to you. You must come and take me away from here. She does not want me in the school ________.

The trouble ________ (start) last night when I was smoking a cigarette in bed. This is against the rules, of course. We are not supposed to smoke at all.

As I was smoking, I heard footsteps coming towards the room. I did not want a teacher ________ (catch) me smoking, so I threw the cigarette away. Unfortunately, the cigarette fell into the waste-paper basket, ________caught fire. There was a curtain near the waste-paper basket which caught fire, too. Soon the whole room was ________ (burn) .The principal phoned for the fire department. The school is a long way from the town and by the time the fire department arrived, the whole school was in ________ (flame). Many of the girls are in the hospital.

The principal says that the fire was all my ________and you must pay ________the damage. She will send you a bill for about a million dollars.

I am very sorry about this.

Much love,

Susan

【答案】 her；with；any longer；started；to catch；which；burning；flames；fault；for 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，Susan在寄宿学校上学，这是她写给父母的一封信。她在信中说自己因违反学校规定在宿舍吸烟而引发了一场大火，很多女生都住进了医院。校长说这场大火都是她的错误，并要她的家长赔偿损失。Susan告诉父母校长会给他们写信，让他们来把Susan带走。

（1）考查代词。句意：这是她从学校写给父母的一封信。此处要用形容词性物主代词，修饰parents ，故填her。

（2）考查介词。be angry with sb 固定短语，“对某人感到很生气”。故填with。

（3）考查固定短语。这里用any longer与前面的not构成"not…any longer"结构，“不再……”。故填any longer。

（4）考查时态。句子中有时间状语last night，所以要用一般过去时。故填started。（5）考查非谓语动词。want sb to do sth固定短语，“想让某人干某事”。故填to catch。（6）考查定语从句。这是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词为the waste-paper basket，指物，在后面的非限制性定语从句中作主语，且that不能引导非限制性定语从句，所以关系代词要用which。故填which。

（7）考查形容词。此处可理解为现在分词作形容词，在句中作系动词was的表语，句意为“很快整个房间都着火了”。故填burning。

（8）考查名词。句意：整个学校都着火了。in flames固定短语，“在火焰中”，故填flames。

（9）考查名词。句意：这场火灾都是我的责任。结合上下文分析，所以此处用fault表示“错误，责任”。故填 fault。

（10）考查介词。pay for固定短语，“赔偿，为......而付钱”，故填for。

【点评】本题考点涉及代词，介词，时态，非谓语动词，定语从句，形容词，名词以及介词等多个知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。

10．阅读下面文，在空处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

China's Liangzhu Archaeological Site ________(declare) on the list of World Heritage sites on Saturday by UNESCO's World Heritage Committee during its 43rd session in Baku, the capital of Azerbaijan.

The site, ________is located in Yuhang District in Hangzhou City in China's eastern Zhejiang Province, showcases the civilization of prehistoric rice agriculture between 3,300 B.C. ________ 2,300 B.C. The ruins of ancient Liangzhu city were discovered in 2007, and then large dam sites ________(surround) the Liangzhu ancient city were unearthed continuously after 2009. It was ________ (official) submitted lo UNESCO in 2019, hoping to win ________ (recognize) as a World Cultural Heritage Site. The site ________ (include) archaeological remains and unearthed cultural relics of the Liangzhu Ancient City as well as a wetland that covers ________ area of 908. 89 hectares in a plain river network. It is also found that the Liangzhu ancestors started to use characters about 5 ,000 years ago, 1 ,000 years ________ (early) than previously thought,

according to Colin Renfrew, a retired professor of archaeology at the University of Cambridge.

The World Heritage Committee added Liangzhu to the UNESCO list ________(encourage) better protection of the site, considered to be of "outstanding universal value" to humanity.

【答案】was declared；which；and；surrounding；officially；recognition；includes；an；earlier；to encourage

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，介绍了联合国教科文组织世界遗产委员会在阿塞拜疆首都巴库举行的第43届会议上，于周六宣布中国良渚遗址为世界遗产。同时说明了良渚遗址的一些情况。

（1）考查时态语态。本句中主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，且根据时间状语on Saturday 可知为一般过去时，主语为Liangzhu Archaeological Site，谓语动词用单数形式。故填was declared。

（2）考查定语从句。本句为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词site，且先行词在从句中做主语，表示“遗址”故用关系代词which。因此填which。

（3）考查连词。between…and…固定短语，“在……之间”。故填and。

（4）考查非谓语动词。句意：2007年发现良渚古城遗址，2009年以后，围绕良渚古城的大型水坝遗址陆续出土。分析句子结构可知surround在句中做非谓语动词，与逻辑主语dam sites构成主动关系，故用现在分词。故填surrounding。

（5）考查副词。句意：它于2019年正式提交联合国教科文组织，希望获得世界文化遗产的认可。修饰句中动词submit应用副词，故填officially。

（6）考查名词。此处做win的宾语，且表示“认可”应用名词recognition。故填recognition。

（7）考查时态。本空为句子的谓语动词，且结合语境描述客观事实用一般现在时，主语为site，故谓语动词用第三人称单数。故填includes。

（8）考查冠词。area为可数名词，此处表示泛指应用不定冠词，且area为元音音素开头的单词。cover an area of“占地.....面积”，故填an。

（9）考查形容词。根据下文“than previously thought”可知应用形容词比较级，故填earlier。

（10）考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词added，分析句子结构可知encourage在句中做非谓语动词，且作目的状语故用不定式。故填to encourage。

【点评】本题考点涉及时态语态，定语从句，连词，形容词，副词，名词，时态，冠词，形容词，非谓语动词等多个知识点的考查，是一篇新闻报道，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。