01_2014年春季高考英语笔记一
第一部分时态
一、时态相关的基本概念
1、时间：过去、现在、将来
2、体貌：一般、进行、完成
3、语气：陈述、虚拟、祈使、条件
4、语态：主动、被动
二、时态题目的基本考点
动词的时态语态解题关注点
其它考点（倒装、主谓一致……） + 时间 + 语态1、八种基本时态（时间+体貌）
按表现形式划分
按时间概念划分
2、两种特殊时态（时间+时间、体貌+体貌）
过去将来would do 在过去说将来?
完成进行have/has/had been doing 最近一直?
3、一个特殊考点——虚拟语气
三、八种基本时态的时间细分
1、过去的过去——had done （动作先后）
had done did present
?过去完成时要求在过去的时间中出现明显的动作先后区别时态题中时间概念的体现：时间状语、已知动词
?如果原句中没有出现did或was/were doing等明显的过去标志，或
出现明显的在过去时间之前的时间状语，选择had done错误率
．．
．．．极高?如果原句中出现had done，优先考虑did或was/were doing
2、纯过去——did或was/were doing
did | was/were doing present
?纯过去时态与现在无关
．．．．．，即动作在过去发生，不持续到现在
?一般状态和进行状态的区别
．．：
进行状态表示“正在”或“一直”，需要有相对精确的时间体现。具
有生动形象的场景感和描述感，常用来表述动作的具体过程细节
一般状态表示动作的普遍性，没有任何特殊感觉，常用来表述结果
3、过去+现在——have/has done
have/has done present
?动作只发生在过去的时候，一定选择纯过去；动作在过去和现在都有发生，要选择过去和现在
?对话题型：句子的要求在现在，而动作发生在过去，要选过去和现在?特别关注have/has been doing，表示“最近一直做某事”，包含have/has done的含义，出现在选项里正确率较高
4、纯现在——do/does或am/is/are doing
?从现在的一点向过去和将来两端同时延伸，涵盖的时间内没有过去、现在和将来的区别，统称为纯现在，即广义的现在时态
?一般现在时的句子不强调时间概念
．．．．．．．
?一般和进行的区别仍然会出现考察，区别与纯过去中相同
5、现在表将来
1）一般现在时表将来——主将从现（条件句）
2）现在进行时表将来——计划中即将发生的动词
?常见的瞬间动词：go / come / open / close / start / finish / arrive / leave / have / take / die ……
四、虚拟语气
1、if条件句
?考察虚拟语气的标志
would have done (should / could也可以作为标志) if：主将从现、虚拟语气
其它标志：or / otherwise / but for / without ……?主句必须有would；从句一定没有would
?通过空格当前句动作时间判断——过去/现在
2、wish / as if / as though从句
?be动词不使用was的形式
第二部分非谓语动词
一、非谓语动词相关的基本概念
?非谓语动词与时间无关
．．．．．
二、非谓语动词题目的基本考点
1、三种基本形态——40%题目
doing 主动进行形容词描述物
done 被动完成形容词描述人
to do 未发生目的
2、六种扩展形态——50%题目
being done 正在被（进行的被动，用于描述生动形象的场景）?
to be done 将要被/ 会被（未发生的被动）
having done ……了以后（完成的主动，动作在谓语动作前完成）having been done 被……了以后（完成的被动，动作在谓语动作前完成）to have done（动作未发生+动作在谓语动作前完成+主动）?
to have been done （动作未发生+动作在谓语动作前完成+被动）?
3、一种特殊形态——5%题目
?do（原形动词/ 谓语选项）——关注连词
__do__ ………………+ 连词(and/or) + ……will ………………
祈使句（将来）将来的结果
三、非谓语动词题目的命题类型——如何正确关注主被动（n / v）
1、句中有逗号，空格在句首——另一句主语与选项动词判断主被动n ……………………，__v__ ……………………
__v__ ……………………，n ……………………
2、句中无逗号，空格在句中——空格前名词与选项动词判断主被动……………n ……__v__ ………………………
……n ……__v__ ……，………………………
3、句中无逗号，空格在句首——doing 主动/ being done 被动
__v__ ………………………………………动词自身即可判断主被动
?注意：第三种格式与特殊选项do题型的区别在于句中有没有连．词．。
四、非谓语动词题目的解题流程
?判断主被动——关注句中是否有逗号，确定与哪个名词找关系
?判断状态——关注已知v / adv
动作发生或未发生：确定to是否出现
动作与谓语动作是否分先后：确定have是否出现
句中是否有生动形象的场景体现：是否选being done ?
五、特殊词汇或短语知识考查——5%题目
第三部分从句与连词
一、句子的完整性
1、主谓宾——n + v + n或n + v + n + n（动词为及物动词）
2、主谓——n + v（动词为不及物动词）
3、主系表——n + be动词/ 感官动词/ 其它系动词+ adj
?只要是句子，必然有动词
?当动词后面没有名词的时候，需要考虑该动词是否为不及物动词
?被动语态的句子通常视作完整句
?形式主语句型通常视作不完整句
二、主从句的划分
?空格开始为从句
……………………| ____ ……………………
主句从句
____ ……………………| ……………………
从句主句
…………| ____ ……………………| ……………………
主句从句主句
?第二、三种情况的主从句划分，需要找到句中没有动作发出者
．．．．．．．的动词，在该动词之前断开
三、从句题目解题流程
?确定从句题目——划分主句/从句——判断完整/不完整
四、干扰选项直接排除规则
1、主句完整——what坚决不选
2、主句完整、从句不完整——where和when坚决不选
3、两句完整——which / who / whom坚决不选
4、it作主语——强调句型/ 形式主语
五、从句关系词总结
1、重要性第一层级
what：主句完整或不完整、从句缺或不缺事物
that：陈述句、与相关名词人或物有关
2、重要性第二层级
which：逗号、介词经常一起出现
where：where和when一起排除、或以时间非时间进行区别3、重要性第三层级
特殊选项：whose常对、as正如
简单选项：who / whom / how / whether / why关注句意
六、从句和连词题目细分考点
1、What …… is that …… 描述个人感情色彩的句式
What impressed / surprised / satisfied me most was that ……What warmed my heart was that ……
2、常见关系词配合
what and how 表面现象与内在原理的内在逻辑联系
Whether ...... or …… 无论……还是…… (Whether … should 是否应该)
3、prep + whom / which / whose ——定语从句介词前置
The topic is to be presented to the teacher.
We devoted a full discussion to this topic.
→The topic, which we devoted a full discussion to, is to be presented to the teacher.
→The topic, to which we devoted a full discussion, is to be presented to the teacher.
?介词与从句中的动词找关系，根据空格相关名词判断关系词
4、it的考点
?it作主语——形式主语/ 强调句型
形式主语it is + adj + to do sth / it is + adj + 从句（描述状态）
强调句型it is + 强调部分+ that / who ……
?it作宾语——形式宾语
形式宾语n + v + it + 真正宾语（注意不能选择this或that）
He found it interesting to learn English from some novels and TV shows. ?it与one的区别
it 指代对象确定，为前面出现的单数确切事物
one 指代对象不确定，为前面出现的复数事物或事物范围的其中之一
5、as的考点
as + 短语——作为（身份/性质）
as + 句子——原因、正如、时间状语、伴随、转折（倒装标志）
as each day passed伴随+句子/ with each passing day伴随+短语As he went into the room, a giftbox caught his eye.当……时Exhausted as we were, the outcome was quite satisfying.虽然（倒装）
6、而且、除此以外——递进关系
Also, / Besides, / Moreover,
What’s more, / In addition, / Apart from that, ……
作为段落结构的标志词，在阅读理解中需要重点关注
7、祈使句与将来时的并列句考点
祈使句+ and (前后一致) / or (前后相反) + 将来时
Keep a diary every day, and you’ll improve your writing. 前后一致Let’s go a little faster, or we’ll never get there on time. 前后相反
8、主将从现——条件句
主句一般将来时——从句一般现在时（表将来）
主句过去将来时——从句一般过去时（表过去将来或虚拟语气）
主句将来含义——从句现在含义（从句可以使用现在相关时态）
标志：if / when / once / until / unless / before / after / as soon as / as long as / provided that / supposing that / on condition that …
9、once的考点
一次（名词）——for once / twice 两次、three times 三次
一旦（连词）——Once经常放句首+ 未发生情况（条件）
曾经（副词）——与now现在进行对比，句中出现频率较高
10、unless、until、not … until的考点
unless ——除非……否则+ 未发生情况（前后内容相反）
Kids are not allowed to leave kindergartens unless their parents come to pick them up.
?负面情况/否定内容+ unless + 正面建议/肯定内容（条件）
?注意：转折和因果用于描述事实，条件用于描述未发生的事情
until / till ——直到+ 结果
He spent hours and hours on his motorcycle until it looked almost new. not … until——结果未发生(not) + 直到(until) + 条件满足
He did not arrive home until midnight.
11、It is + 时间+ when / before / since的特殊句型
It is + 时间点+ when + 瞬间动作
It was midnight when he finally arrived home. 他半夜才到家。
It is + 时间段+ before + 一次性动作（经过一段时间动作才发生）
It was 5 days before I forgave him. 我五天后才原谅他。
It is + 时间段+ since + 多次性动作（在该时间段中动作未发生）
It was 5 days since I went to school. 我已经五天没有去上学了。
It was 3 years since I met him. 我已经三年没有见过他了。
?before描述一次性动作来之不易，since描述多次性动作之间的间隔?关注连词后句中的动词性质
12、while的考点——前后对等（比较）
动作while 动作
状态while 状态
13、if的考点
句中已知if ——主将从现If …… will / 虚拟语气If …… would
句中未知if（选项中出现）——条件、是否
if相关短语
as if / as though ——好像+ 虚假状况（虚拟语气）
even if / even though ——即使+ 强调内容（阅读理解中可以忽略）provided that / providing = if ——倘若，正式用语（开放作文可用）The work will be accomplished on time, provided that their assistance is assured.
14、regardless of / instead of的考点
regardless of = in spite of = despite 尽管、不管(despite any difficulties) instead of 而不是A instead of B（AB两者性质地位对等）
15、关系词+ ever ——无论……（针对全体强调、一概而论）whatever / wherever / whenever / whichever / whoever / whomever
however 无论如何——强调adj / adv
However hard you may try, you will fail at last.
16、as …as (so …as) 和……一样
as far as 程度就某种程度而言
as often as 频率尽可能多次
as long as 条件只要+ 未发生情况（条件）
as soon as 效率一……就……，与the moment / as相同
as well as 并列前后内容性质等同
17、in case的考点
in case 万一+ 未发生情况（强调可能性possibility / probability）
18、who、whom
判断方式：根据从句判断。从句中的人作宾语，一定选择whom。
第四部分情态动词
一、情态动词的本义考点——态度、语气
can / could 能强调客观能力/ 进行基于能力的推测
will / would 会体现主观意愿/ 表将来
may / might 语气最弱，强调不确定的情况或较弱的可能性
must 语气最强态度非常坚决、情况非常确定、语气非常绝对should 提出建议/ 进行基于能力、客观条件等的推测
shall / ought to 强调义务和责任，语气较强
need 提出需求，强调必要性
二、情态动词+ have done的考点——推测、虚拟
1、表示对过去情况的推测
must have done / can’t have done 语气强，依据充足
could have done / couldn’t have done 语气较强，有依据
might have done / might not have done (may) 语气较弱，依据不足2、表示对过去情况的虚拟（本来……）
should have done 本应该责备语气
shouldn’t have done 本不应该责备语气
could have done 本可能遗憾/惋惜语气
couldn’t have done 本不可能意外/惊喜语气
needn’t have done 本不必多余/不必要语气
mustn’t / can / n eed + have done属于直接排除选项
第五部分完形填空
一、考察方式
二、解题思路
1、动作顺序紧密——未知动作注意要与前后已知动作紧密衔接
2、动词与名词的关系——动作的发出者和承受者必须合理
3、名词相关内容：选择的名词必有相关联内容作为细节出现
4、感情色彩保持一致——与空格前后文章局部已知的感情色彩一致
5、形容词与名词的关系——形容词要与修饰事物的性质吻合
6、副词与动词的关系——副词要与修饰动作的状态吻合
7、语篇逻辑辅助理解——上下文逻辑正向发展或反向发展
8、介词与动词或名词结合考虑搭配用法
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2018春季高考英语试卷
山东省2018年普通高校招生（春季）考试 英语试卷 卷一(选择题50分) 一、英语知识运用（本题30个小题，每小题1分，共30分。在每小题列出的四个选项中，只有一项符合题目要求，请将符合题目要求的选项字母代号选出，并填涂在答题卡上。） 1. -- _______.He is from Hang Kong. --Nice to meet you. A.Let me introduce myself B.Let me introduce Tom C.This is Tom speaking D.Have a good time,Tom 2. --Could you give me some ________ on how to improve my spoken English？ --I’m so glad to hear that! A.movements B.suggestions C.greetings D.treatments 3. --Nowadays people are encouraged eat fruit and vegetables to keep_______. A.honest B.nervous C.healthy D.proud 4. --Why do you like swimming? --Because I find _______ very relaxing. A. it B.one C.those D.these 5. --_________? --Good idea. A.Why not join us in the game B.How did you know that C.When would you like to come D.What would you like for dinner 6.--_______beautiful the park is !We may have a picnic here this weekend . --Sound great. A.What a B.What C.How a D.How 7.--It’s an im possible task for us to finish the building in half a year. --Yes,it will take _________ one year. A.at least B.at last C.in time D.in order 8.--I think Mary is a successful woman. --I agree with you .She has nearly _______all her dreams. A. realized B.won C.understood D.believed 9. --_________? --Chinese folk music. A.How about going for a walk B.What’s your favorite sports C.How do you like Chinese D.What are you interested in 10.Where will the football game be held? A.At the Sunny Club B.At the Youth Club C.At the City Stadium D.At the City Park 11.If Bob wants to apply for the job, he needs to ________ . A work part-time B work six days a week C call Sandy at 555-778-6356 D have work experience 12. I ____ hope that you can come and celebrate the Spring Festival with my family. A do B did C does D done 13. -- __________? ---I’d like to buy some traditional Chinese souvenirs. A What can I do for you B How much do they cost C What size do you take D What color do you like 14. --What did you do last weekend? ---I __________ Mount Tai with my friends. A climb B climbed C will climb D am climbing 15. --I wonder_________ a film. --Once a month. A.when you see B.where you see C.whether you have seen D.how often you see 16.--Who is the man _________by the window. --He is our English teacher. A. sits B.sat C.sitting D.is sitting 17.--Downing Hotel.Can I help you? --_________. A. I’m looking for a dress for my daughter. B. I’d like to buy a ticket for tonight’s film. C. I’d like to reserve a double room for this Friday. D. I’ve caught a bad cold and I’m feeling terrible. 18.I felt very tired after a day ‘s hard work,________I went to bed early. A. but B. or C.while D.so 19. --I haven’t finished my dinner yet. --Hurry up ! Our friends ________ for us. A. are waiting B.were waiting B. had waiting D.waited 20. --_______I have found somewhere to live, I will send you my address. A. Unless B.Until C.Though D.Once 21. --Thank you for taking care of my pet dog while I was on business. --________. A. Best wishes B.My pleasure C.No,thanks D.Goodbye 22. --According to the traffic rules in our country, you_________wear you seat belt when driving. A. may B.can C.would D.should 23. --It’s rainin g hard ,We have to ________the sports meeting till next week. A. put up B.put on C.put off D.should
2019年春季高考英语模拟试题及答案
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2017年山东省春季高考英语试题
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