专题07 虚拟语气(讲解)-备考2021年高考英语语法分类讲解+十年真题解析

一．语气

英语中的三种语气, 语气是动词的一种形式, 用来说明我们对自己的话所采取的态度。

1.陈述语气（疑问, 否定, 肯定, 感叹）

2.祈使语气（命令, 要求, 建议, 警告）

3.虚拟语气：不可能发生的事, 愿望, 建议, 与事实相反的假设等.

He is a boy. Is he a boy?

Don’t forget he is a boy.

If I were a boy, I would cry loudly.

二．If引导的虚拟条件句

1.If 的省略：可以把虚拟条件中的连词if省去, 而将had, should, were等助动词提到主语之前。

If she were younger, she, would do it. 去if：Were she younger, she would do it.

If you had come earlier, you would have met him. 去if: Had you come earlier, you would have met him.

If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. 去if: Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. 2.If 的错综时间条件句：主从句时间不一致的情况下的虚拟语气: 动作的形式应和它所表示的时间一致.

If you had attended the lecture yesterday, yo u’d know how to do it now.

If I had studied hard before, I would be in Peking University now.

If he had not been eaten by the wolf then , he should be 8 years old now.

3. If 的转化：含蓄条件句：有时虚拟条件句并没用if从句表示出来, 而是用介词短语（otherwise, or, without(“若不是”“要不是”), but for（“要不是......”））上下文或其他方式来表示。

But for the brave soldiers , our country could not have gained its freedom.

Without the brave soldiers, our country could not have gained its freedom.

We didn't know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him.

But for your help we couldn’t have succeeded in the experiment.

=If it hadn’t been for your help, we couldn’t have succeeded in the experiment.

I’m really very busy, otherwise I would certainly go there with you. (otherwise=if I were not so busy)

I didn’t know that he was a cheat, or else I wouldn’t have believed him. (or else=if I had known he was a cheat))

三．虚拟语气在as if/as though引导的方式状语从句中

He spoke as if he had known about it.

He acts as if he could win in the game .

注意：在as if/as though 引导的方式状语从句中, 如果有可能成为事实, 用陈述语气。

He looks as if he going to be ill.

四. 虚拟语气在 even if, even though 引导的让步状语从句中, 可用虚拟语气, 主句、从句的结构与 if 所引导的条件从句结构相同。

Even if he were here himself, he should not know what to do.

Even though he had been ill, he would have gone to his office.

We wouldn’t lose heart even if we should fail one hundred times.

五．wish/ if only (如果….就好了)表示主观愿望的虚拟语气。

I wish I were ten years younger.

We wish we had arrived there two hours earlier.

I wish I could fly to the moon one day.

I would rather she visited us today.

I would rather he visited us tomorrow.

七．宾语从句中的虚拟语气

坚持（insist）

建议（suggest、propose、advise、recommend）

命令（order、command）

要求（ask、demand、request、require、desire）

其虚拟语气的结构为：(should) + 原形动词。

He ordered that everybody (should) stay where they were.

He suggested that we (should) take the teacher’s advice.

He insisted that she (should) say sorry to him first.

注意：suggest, insist不表示建议或坚持要某人做某事, 即它们表达暗示,表明,坚持认为时, 用陈述语气。

The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.

The man insisted that he had never stolen the money. 【坚持认为: insist表“坚持说”时, 用陈述语气。】

八．表语从句中的虚拟语气

主句中的主语常是：这类名词常见的有：suggestion , proposal , advice , recommendation, order, command, demand, request , requirement, desire等

My suggestion is that we should tell him.

Our only request is that this problem(should) be settled as soon as possible.

九．同位语从句中的虚拟语气

They received an order that the work be stopped.

I made a suggestion that we (should) act immediately to save our earth .

十．主语从句中的虚拟语气

1.在“It is/was +过去分词+that 从句”中用should的结构, should 可以省略. 表示建议, 命令, 请求. It is(was) suggested (requested, proposed 等) +that

It is suggested that we should get everything ready by tonight.

It is desired that we (should) get everything ready by tonight.

It was ordered that the medicine be sent there by plane. 命令马上用飞机把药送往那里.

2.在“It is/was +名词+that 从句”中用should的结构, should 可以省略. 表示遗憾, 羞愧, 道歉, 怀疑, 惊奇等, 表达“真可惜, 真丢脸, 真令人可惜”。It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, a surprise 等) that…有“居然；竟然”的意味。

It is a pity that he should miss such a golden opportunity. 他竟失去这样一个好机会,真可惜

It is a shame that you should say that rude word in front of a lady.

It is no wonder that he should have succeeded.

It is a shame that she can’t understand English. (不表达惊奇, 遗憾等感情可以不用虚拟语气。)

3.在“It is/was +形容词+that 从句”中用should的结构, should 可以省略. 这类形容词常见的有: natural, strange ,important, necessary, essential（必要的）, anxious（渴望的）, compulsory(强制的), crucial(至关重要的), desirable, eager, fitting（合适的）, imperative(绝对必要), impossible, improper(不适当的), obligatory(强制的), possible, preferable(较适合的), probable(可能的), urgent（紧急的）, vital（极重要的）.

It is natural that she (should) do so.

It is essential that we (should) tell her the news.

It is necessary that we should act immediately to save our earth.

It is important that we should act immediately to save our earth.

It is strange that nobody knows where he lives . 真奇怪, 谁也不知道他住在哪里。

十一.其它虚拟

1. 在lest 和for fear that(以免),in case(以防)从句中用should, should 可以省略.

She walked quietly lest she (should) wake up her roommates.

Have your gun ready in case we should need it.

2. It is time (that+主语+should do ) 或It is time (that+主语+did)的虚拟

It’s time(that) you thought about your future.

It’s time you should think about your future.

It is time that the children went to bed.

It is high time that the children should go to bed.

3.表示祝愿或愿望

Long live the People’s Republic of China.

May you stay young.

May our love last forever.

【高考练习】

1.【2019江苏卷】What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we _________a good time together.

A. had

B. will have

C. would have had

D. had had

【答案】C句意：真遗憾！你错过了这次观光, 否则, 我们本应该在一起度过一段愉快时光的。根据上文, 可知是对过去事情的虚拟, 与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构为：从句：If+主语+过去完成时+其他, 主句：主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他, 故选C。

2.【2019·天津卷】The workers were not better organized, otherwise they ____________ the task in half the time.

A. accomplished

B. had accomplished

C. would accomplish

D. would have accomplished 【答案】D句意：工人们没有被更好的组织起来, 否则他们用一半的时间就能完成任务。根据上句the workers were not better organized可知, 这是对过去事情的虚拟。与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构为：从句：If+主语+过去完成时+其他, 主句：主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他, 故选D。

3.【2018江苏】It’s strange that he _______ have taken the books without the owner’s permission.

A. would

B. should

C. could

D. might

【答案】B句意：真奇怪, 他竟然没有主人的允许就拿走了这些书。在句型”It is

important/necessary/strange/impossible/natural that...”中, 其中由that引导的主语从句通常用“should+动词原

形”这样的虚拟语气, 其中的should可以省略。故选B。点睛：本题考查虚拟语气。It is

important/necessary/strange/impossible/natural that... 主语从句多数情况下用虚拟语气, 表达一种要求、命令或者责备、建议或主观看法。但是如果只是表示陈述一个事实而不是强烈的感情, 完全可以用一般的陈述语气。试比较：It is strange that he had made a mistake.（陈述一个事实：他犯了错误让人有点奇怪。）It is strange that he (should) have made a mistake. （虚拟语气, 说话者是在责备他本不应该犯错。）

4.【2018江苏】There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I ___ a second chance to become more involved.

A. had

B. will have

C. would have had

D. have had

【答案】A句意：在这个村里有很好的社交生活, 并且我希望我再有机会去更多的参与。本题考查wish引导的宾语从句, 表示与现在事实相反的愿望, 所以从句用一般过去时。故选A。

5.【2018北京】They might have found a better hotel if they _________ a few more kilometers.

A. drove

B. would drive

C. were to drive

D. had driven

【答案】D句意：如果他们多开几公里的话, 他们也许会找到一个更好的旅馆。由“they m ight have found a better hotel”可知, 该句是表示对过去的虚拟。if ____ a few more kilometers是条件句部分, 表示对过去的虚拟, 条件句部分要用过去完成时态, 故D选项正确。

6.【2018天津】If we ___________the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach

A. had caught

B. caught

C. have caught

D. would catch

【答案】A句意：如果我们昨天赶上飞机的话, 现在我们正在海滩享受我们的假日了。根据时间状语yesterday 可知, 从句表示与过去事实相反, 故用had + v-ed。故选A。

7.【2017北京卷】If the new safety system _______ to use, the accident would never have happened.

A. had been put

B. were put

C. should be put

D. would be put

【答案】A句意：如果这个新的安全系统被投入使用过的话, 这个事故就不会发生了。根据主句确定是对过去情况的虚拟,所以从句谓语用had done形式,此外根据句意可知是被动, 用被动语态, 故A项是正确的。

8.【2017江苏卷】_______ not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.

A. It were

B. Were it

C. It was

D. Was it

【答案】B虚拟语气中, be动词统一用were；虚拟语气的省略形式主要是把if省略, 同时把were/should/had 提前, 即Were /Should/ Had I..., 故选B。在虚拟语气中, be动词只能用were；虚拟条件句省去连词if时, 从句主谓部分倒装：Were/Had/Should+主语+谓语动词...若条件从句为否定句, 否定词not应置于主语之后, 而不能与were, should, had 等缩略成Weren’t, Shouldn’t, Hadn’t置于句首。

9.【2017天津卷】—Do you have Betty’s phone number?

—Yes. Otherwise, I ______able to reach her yesterday.

A. hadn’t been

B. wouldn’t have been

C. weren’t

D. wouldn’t be

【答案】B句意：——你有贝蒂的电话号码吗？——有。否则我昨天就联系不到她了。此处otherwise(否则)相当于一个if引导的条件状语从句, 由yesterday可知本句对过去进行虚拟, 由此可以判断出主句用wouldn’t have done, 故选B。

10.【2016北京】Why didn’t you t ell me about your trouble last week? If you ______ me, I could have helped.

A. told

B. had told

C. were to tell

D. would tell

【答案】B根据句意, “你上周为什么没有告诉我你遇到麻烦”, 表示与过去的虚拟, 句型结构为if+主语+had done, 主语+would/could/might/should + have done, 故选B．

11.【2016江苏】If it for his invit ation the other day, I should not be here now.

A. had not been

B. should not be

C. were not to be

D. should not have been

【答案】A句意：要不是几天前的邀请, 我现在就不会在这儿了．本题考查错综时间的虚拟条件句；主句中的now说明是与现在事实相反的结果；从句中the other day（几天前）说明从句是与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句中, 从句中用过去完成时

12.【2016天津】I was wearing a seatbelt. If I hadn’t been wearing one, I ____.

A. were injured

B. would be injured

C. had been injured

D. would have been injured 【答案】D句意：我当时系着安全带。如果我没有系安全带, 我就会受伤了。根据if条件句用的had done, 可知, 主句用would have done表示对过去情况的虚拟, 而且I和injure是被动关系。故选D。

13.【2016浙江】Had the governments and scientists not worked together , AIDS-related deaths _______ since their highest in 2005.

A. had not fallen

B. would not fall

C. did not fall

D. would not have fallen

【答案】D句意：如果政府和科学家不共同努力, 与艾滋病相关的死亡人数就不会从2005年的最高点下降。使用虚拟语气, if条件句用的had done, 而且省略if, 将had提前, 主句用would have done表示对过去情况的虚拟。故选D。

14.【2015北京】If I _____it with my own eyes ,I wouldn’t have believed it.

A . didn’t see B. weren’t seeing C. wouldn’t see D. hadn’t seen

【答案】D句意：如果不是我亲眼看到, 我不会相信。根据后半句wouldn’t have believed可以判断是对过去的虚拟。所以从句是if+主语+ had +done的形式。故选D。

15.【2015重庆】Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway____ his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.

A .didn’t write B. hadn’t written C. wouldn’t write D. wouldn’t have written

【答案】D句意：没有他战时的经验, 海明威就不可能写出著名的小说永别了武器。根据without his wartime experience没有战时的经历, 可知表示对于过去的否定猜测, 故主句用would have done, 因此选D项。【名师点睛】虚拟语气是一种动词形式, 表示说话人的一种愿望, 假设, 怀疑, 猜测建议等含义, 表示的含义不是客观存在的事实, 此类的题目一般难度不大, 主要找对时间状语, 并且看分清时间状语与主句还是从句有关系, 再来确定用对现在, 过去还是将来的虚拟。

16.【2015天津】I wish I _____at my sister’s wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a business trip in New York then.

A. will be

B. would be

C. have been

D. had been

【答案】D句意：上个周二我本希望参加我姐姐的婚礼, 但那时我在纽约出差。本题考查wish引导的宾语从句, 表示与过去事实相反的愿望, 从句用had + 过去分词。根据句意可知选D。

17.【2015陕西】Ellen is a fantastic dancer. I wish I as well as her.

A. dance

B. will dance

C. had danced

D. danced

【答案】C句意：Ellen是一个很棒的舞蹈演员。但愿我能和她跳得一样好。I wish“但愿”后面接宾语从句用虚拟语气, 和现在相反用一般过去时, 所以选C。

18.【2015江苏】It might have saved me some trouble ______ the schedule.

A. did I know

B. have I known

C. do I know

D. had I known

【答案】D句意：如果我早知道日程安排, 可能会省去我一些麻烦。根据题干中might have saved可知主句是对过去的虚拟, 从句应用if I had known与主句保持一致。if虚拟条件句中含有had时, 可将if省去, 同时将had提前构成倒装结构。故选D项。虚拟语气重要做题原则：根据题干中主句或从句中动词形式判断所考查的动词的虚拟时间, 一般要保持一致, 但要注意错综时间虚拟语气要根据各自所表示的虚拟时间做出调整。另外, 当if 条件句中含有助动词 had, should 或were 时, 可以省略if, 而将 had, should 或were提到句首, 从而构成倒装虚拟条件句。

19.【2015安徽】It is lucky we booked a room, or we ______nowhere to stay now.

A. had

B. had had

C. would have

D. would have had

【答案】C句意：我们很幸运地订到了房间, 否则的话, 我们现在就会无处可去了。or引导含蓄虚拟条件句, or后面是主句, 相当于if we hadn’t booked a room, we would have nowhere to stay now., 根据“now”可知, 是对现在进行虚拟, 因此用would+动词原形, 故选C。

20. If Mr. Dewey _____ present, he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there.

A. were

B. had been

C. should be

D. was

【答案】B根据从句的结构would have offered可知本题考查的是与过去事实相反的情况, 而且主、从句时间一致, 不存在混合的情况．与过去事实相反的虚拟语气, 条件状语从句要使用“过去完成时had done”, 主句要使用“would/could/might/should +have done”, 故B选项正确．

21. It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I it?

A. had done

B. have done

C. did

D. am doing

【答案】A题意：John打坏了窗户, 为什么跟“我”谈话？好像是“我”打坏了窗户似的。题中broke表明“打坏窗户”发生在“过去”。as if / though后面的从句用had done表示对“过去”的虚拟。故A项正确。

22. no modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.

A. Were there

B. Had there been C .If there are D. If there have been

【答案】A对现在情况的虚拟, 条件句中用一般过去时, 主句用“would/ should/ might/ could +动词原形。

虚拟条件句中有had, should, were时, 可以将if去掉, 然后把had, should, were提到主语前面。所以选A。

句意：如果没有现代的通信, 我们将会等上几周的时间才能得到来自世界的新闻。

23. We would rather our daughter ________ at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer.

A. would stay

B. has stayed

C. stayed

D. stay

【答案】C would rather后直接跟宾语从句中, 从句不用that连接。①如果表示现在或将来要做的事情,从句的谓语动词用一般过去式。如：I'd rather you met her at the airport tomorrow morning. (将来) 我但愿你明天早上能在机场见到他。②如果谈论过去动作,从句的谓语动词用过去完成式。如：I'd rather you hadn't told him the news that day. (过去) 我宁可你那天没有把那消息告诉他。根据语境, 这是与现在事实相反的愿望, 故选C。

24. ________ the morning train, he would not have been late for the meeting.

A. Did he catch

B. should be catch

C. has he caught

D. Had he caught

【答案】D句意：如果他赶上了早班火车, 开会就不会迟到了。主句的zhi谓语动词是would not have been , 说明与过去事实相反, 从句则可以用if he had caught the morning train, 当if从句中有were、had或者should 时, 在可以省略if, 把were、had或者should放在句首构成倒装句形式。本句中含有had, 所以不用if时, 就变成了Had he caught the morning train。所以选D。

25.We __________ back in the hotel now if you didn’t los e the map.

A. are

B. were

C. will be

D. would be

【答案】D句意：如果你不丢失地图, 我们就已经到旅馆了。根据条件状语从句中“if we didn’t lose the map”可知, 主从句都是对现在情况的假设, 所以选用D。

26. They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation, or they ___ to our help.

A. would have come

B. could come

C. have come

D. had come

【答案】A试题分析：这里when引导的是定语从句, 修饰前面的名词months;根据谓语动词were可知事情发生过去, or后是对过去的虚拟, 所以应该用would have done, 故选A。句意：在我们进行调查期间他们在国外, 要不然的话他们就来帮忙。

27.My mom suggests that we eat out for a change this weekend.

A. should

B. might

C. could

D. would

【答案】A句意为：母亲提议这个周末出去吃饭换换口味。suggest(建议)接宾语从句时谓语动词用(should)do。

28.－It rained cats and dogs this morning. I’m glad we took an umbrella.

－Yeah, we would have got wet all over if we

A. hadn’t

B. haven't

C. didn't

D. don't

【答案】A句意：—今早下了倾盆大雨, 我很高兴我们带雨伞了。—是啊, 如果我们不带, 我们就淋湿了。题干I’m glad we took an umbrella.表明带了伞是事实, 那么假设没带伞, 就是与过去事实相反的假设, 所以从句部分要用had/hadn’t done的形式。选A。

29.If we a table earlier, we couldn’t be standing here in a queue.

A. have booked

B. booked

C. book

D. had booked

【答案】D 根据语境可知, 此处是if引导的虚拟条件状语从句, 从句中叙述的是与过去事实相反的情况, 因为"我们没有早点订桌子", 所以从句谓语动词用had done．因为事实上"我们没有订桌子（we haven't booked a table）, 为现在完成时, 所以变成虚拟语气的条件状语从句为"过去完成时"we had booked．主句为情态动词加上真实情况的时态"现在进行时"--not be standing here．故正确答案为D项．

30.If he had spent more time practicing speaking English before, he able to speak it much better now.

A. will be

B. would be

C. has been

D. would have been

【答案】B句意：“如果他以前花更多的时间练习说英语, 那么现在他就能说的更好了。”这是一个混合条件句, 是虚拟语气。前一句话是对过去的假设(had spent), 后一句话是对现在的假设(now)。if条件句的虚拟有三种情况：对过去的虚拟, 从句用had done, 主句用could/would/might+have done；对现在的虚拟, 从句用did, 主句用could/would/might+do；对将来的虚拟, 从句用did/were to do/should+do, 主句用could/would/might+do。在这里, 如果后面没有now这个时间标志, 就填D。故选B。

31.—Do you think George has passed the driving test?

—No. If so, he _____his car to our college yesterday.

A. would drive

B. drove

C. would have driven

D. had driven 【答案】C解析句意为：——你认为George已经通过驾照考试了吗？——没有。如果通过的话, 昨天他就会开车来我们的大学了。本题表达的是对过去事实的假设, 句子结构为：If...had done..., ...would(might, could, should) have done...。

32.Eye doctors recommend that a child’s first eye exam____at the age of six months old.

A . was B.be C. were D.is

【答案】B考查虚拟语气。此处考查的是recommend后面宾语从句中的虚拟语气, 根据语法规则可知, 从句中谓语动词应用“should＋动词原形”, 其中should可以省略, 故选B项。

33.I should not have laughed if I you were serious.

A. thought

B. would think

C. had thought

D. have thought

【答案】C句意：如果我知道你是严肃的话我就不笑了。本句意思是当时不知道所以笑了, 表示与过去事实相反, 用“had thought”表示对过去情况的虚拟。

34.Grace doesn’t want to move to New York because she thinks if she _____there, she wouldn’t be able to see her parents very often.

A. lives

B. would live

C. has lived

D. were to live

【答案】D考查虚拟语气。由doesn’t want to move to New York 可知Grace 还没有去纽约, zhi所以句子应该是对将来的虚拟。对将来的虚拟if 条件状dao语从句谓语动词的时态有三种形式：were to do / should do / did (were), 由此可知答案为D 选项were to live。句意：格瑞斯不想移居到纽约, 因为她认为如果住到那儿的话, 她就不能够经常看到她得父母了。

35.We lost our way in that small village, otherwise we ______more places of interest yesterday.

A. visited

B. had visited

C. would visit

D. would have visited

【答案】D本题关键是从时间状语yesterday知道是对过去的虚拟, 前半句是个过去的客观事实“我们在那个小山村迷路”, otherwise否则后半句是用对过去的虚拟would have done, 答案为D项。对虚拟语气的做法主要是看时间状语或是看里面的关键词是对什么时间的虚拟, 这就很容易了。

36.If my car______more reliable, I would have driven to Lhasa instead of flying last summer.

A. was

B. had been

C. should be

D. would be

【答案】B考查虚拟语气。根据主语的谓语动词可知题干是表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气, 从句谓语动词用had done, 选B。

37.Had they known what was coming next, they______second thoughts.

A. may have

B. could have

C. must have had

D. might have had

【答案】D试题分析：句意：如果他们知道接下来是什么,他们可能会重新考虑的。Had they known what was coming next=If they had known what was coming next, 表示如果过去他们知道将会发生什么事, 后半句应用could/should /might/would+have+p.p.的形式, 表示对过去事实的假设。故选D。

38.We would have called a taxi yesterday if Harold_______us a ride home.

A. didn’t offer

B. wouldn’t offer

C. hasn’t offered

D. hadn’t off ered

【答案】D考查虚拟语气的条件句。would have done 表明是对过去的虚拟, 所以条件句需要用had done。句意：昨天如果哈罗德不主动开车送我们回家的话, 我们就要打的了。

39.If we ______adequate preparations, the conference wouldn’t have been so successful.

A. haven’t made

B. wouldn’t make

C. didn’t make

D. hadn’t m ade

【答案】D考查虚拟语气的用法。在虚拟条件句中, 表示与过去事实相反的情况, 从句用过去完成时, 主句用would have done的形式。句意：如果我们没有做好充分的准备, 会议就不会这样成功。

40.Jack is a great talker. It's high time that he ______something instead of just talking.

A. will do

B. has done

C. do

D. did

【答案】D句意：Jack总爱夸夸其谈, 他该做点事了, 而不是仅仅空谈。这里是“It's (high/about) time that...”句型, 从句谓语应用过去式或“should＋动词原形”

41.Don’t handle the vase as if it _____made of steel.

A. is

B. were

C. has been

D. had been

【答案】B试题分析：句意：别把这花bai瓶拿得跟它好像是用钢做的似的。as if“仿佛, 好像”其后内容若与事实不符则用虚拟语气, 花瓶不是用钢做的, 因此选择B。若其后发生的可能性较大则用陈述语气。42.——Where are the children? The dinner’s going to be completely ruined.

——I wish they always late.

A. weren’t

B. hadn’t been

C. wouldn’t be

D. wouldn’t have been

【答案】A【解析】句意为“——孩子们哪儿去了？这顿饭快要吃不起来了。——我但愿他们不要老是迟到。”wish引出虚拟语气, 题干中出现always, 从句虚拟使用一般过去时。选A。

43.Maybe if I science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help.

A. studied

B. would study

C. had studied

D. was studying

【答案】C【解析】句意为“或许当初我要是学了理科而不是文科, 现在就能给你更多的帮助。”then表示过去的时间, if引导的从句是对过去的虚拟, 因此使用过去完成时。选C。

44.I__________through that bitter period without your generous help.

A. couldn’t have gone

B. didn’t go

C. wouldn’t go

D. hadn’t gone

【答案】A【解析】句意为“没有你的慷慨帮助, 我是不可能度过那段痛苦的时期的。”that bitter period表示过去的时间, 对过去的虚拟语气用主语+should / would / could / might + have done表达, 故选A。

45.We _____John’s name on the race lis t yesterday but for his recent injury.

A. will put

B. will have put

C. would put

D. would have put

【答案】D【解析】句意为“要不是因为他最近受伤, 我们本应该把John的名字加进昨天的比赛名单中。”but for 是虚拟语气的提示, yesterday表示过去的时间。对过去的虚拟, 用主语+should / would / could / might + have done表达, 故选B。

46.If he my advice, he wouldn't have lost his job.

A. followed

B. should follow

C. had followed

D. would follow

【答案】C根据“wouldn’t have lost”可判断if引导的状语从句表示与过去事实相反的虚拟, 故选C项。

47.John went to the hospital alone. If he me about it, I would have gone with him.

A. should tell

B. tells

C. told

D. had told

【答案】D句意：约翰独自去了医院。如果他告诉我的话, 我会跟他一起去的。前一句是陈述语气, 说明动发生在过去, 而且后一句的主句已经是would have gone说明是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。与之对应的从句结构, 应该用had +过去分词。

48.George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I’d rather he_______ more on its culture.

A. focus

B. focused

C. would focus

D. had focused

【答案】Bwould rather后应用虚拟语气, 表示与现在时间相反, 用动词的过去式

49.If we ___ the other road, we might have arrived here in time for the meeting.

A. take

B. had taken

C. took

D. have taken

【答案】B所填词做虚拟语气中条件状语从句的谓语, 根据主句的谓语动词形式might have ar rived可知题干是与过去事实相反, 故所填部分用had+过去分词形式, 选B。

50.Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy .

A. would have been saved

B. had been saved

C. will be saved

D. was saved

【答案】A根据句子的倒装特征判断此处是省略了if的虚拟语气, 原形是：If I had known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy .故选择A。句意为：如果我早知道这个电脑程序, 就可以节省大量的时间和精力了。

51.This printer is of good quality. If it _______ break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense.

A. would

B. should

C. could

D. might

【答案】B句意为：这个打印机的质量很好, 如果在一年内出现故障, 我们将免费维修。

52.But for the help of my English teacher, I the first prize in the English Writing Competition.

A. would not win

B. would not have won

C. would win

D. would have won

【答案】B此处虚拟语气表示与过去事实相反, 句子谓语动词用would/should/could/might + have done结构

53.Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it yesterday.

A. was happening

B. happens

C. has happened

D. happened

【答案】D as if仿佛, 好像, 其后的从句可出现虚拟语气。句意为：Eliza清楚地记得每一件事, 仿佛它是昨天发生的！句中remembers为一般现在时, 故as if从句中用一般过去时来表示虚拟语气。

54. fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.

A. Would you be

B. Should you be

C. Could you be

D. Might you be

【答案】B should you be =" if" you should be句意：如果你被解雇,你的卫生保健和其它利益将立即被取消。