(完整word版)最全面英国文学史知识点总结
英国文学史
I. Old English Literature & The Late Medieval Ages
Epic: long narrative poems that record the adventures or heroic deeds of a hero enacted in vast landscapes. The style of epic is grand and elevated.
Artistic features:
1. Using alliteration
Definition of alliteration: a rhetorical device, meaning some words in a sentence begin with the same consonant sound（头韵）
Some examples on P5
2. Using metaphor and understatement
Definition of understatement: expressing something in a controlled way Understatement is a typical way for Englishmen to express their ideas
Geoffery Chaucer 杰弗里·乔叟1340~1400
(首创“双韵体”，英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。约翰·德莱顿（John Dryden）称其为“英国诗歌之父”。代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》。)
The father of English poetry.
writing style: wisdom, humor, humanity.
①
first time to use ‘heroic couplet’(双韵体) by middle English
②
③
Medieval Ages’popular Literary form: Romance(传奇故事)
Famous three：King Arthur
Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
Beowulf
II The Renaissance Period
A period of drama and poetry. The Elizabethan drama is the real mainstream of the English Renaissance.
Renaissance: the activity, spirit, or time of the great revival of art, literature, and learning in Europe beginning in the 14th century and extending to the 17th century, marking the transition from the medieval to the modern world.
Three historical events of the Renaissance – rebirth or revival:
1. new discoveries in geography and astrology
2. the religious reformation and economic expansion
3. rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture
The most famous dramatists:
Christopher Marlowe
William Shakespeare
Ben Johnson.
1. Edmund Spenser埃德蒙·斯宾塞1552~1599
（后人称之为“诗人的诗人”。）The poets’poet. The first to be buried in the Poet’s corner of Westerminster Abbey
①
T he theme is not “Arms and the man”, but something more romantic “Fierce wars and faithfull
loves”.
Artistic features:
1. Using Spenserian Stanza
Definition of Spenserian Stanza:a stanza of nine lines ababbcbcc. Eight lines in iambic pentameter, and last line in iambic hexameter.
②
The theme is to lament over the loss of Rosalind.
③
2. Thomas? More托马斯?莫尔1478~1535
One of the greatest English humanists
①
3. Francis? Bacon弗兰西斯·培根1561~1626
（哲学家、散文家；在论述探究知识的著作中提出了知识就是力量这一著名论断；近代唯物主义哲学的奠基人和近代实验科学的先驱。）
Philosopher, scientist, lay the foundation for modern science. The first English essayist.?
Writing style:brevity, compactness&powerfulness, well-arranging and enriching by Biblical allusions, metaphors and p hilosophy to man’s reason.
①
②
The theme of Of Studies: uses and benefits of study and different ways adopted by different people to pursue studies.
4. Ben Jonson
①
②
5. Christopher? Marlowe柯里斯托弗·马洛1564~1595
“University Wits”, the pioneer of English drama
（完善了无韵体诗。）
Blank verse: written in unrhymed iambic pentameter.
①
②
③
6. William Shakespeare威廉·莎士比亚1564~1616?
①Historical plays: Henry VI ; Henry IV : Richard III ; Henry V ；Richard II；Henry VIII
②Four Comedies四大喜剧:
③Four Tragedies四大悲剧:
④Shakespeare Sonnet :
154
Three quatrain and one couplet, ababcdcdefefgg
A sonnet is a lyric consisting of 14 lines, usually in iambic pentameter restricted to a definition rhyme scheme.
III The 17th Century
1. John Milton约翰·弥尔顿1608~1674
（诗人、政论家;失明后写《失乐园》、《复乐园》、《力士参孙》。）
①Epics:
②Dramatic poem: < Samson Agonistes>力士参孙
③
④
This sonnet is written in iambic pentameter rhymed in abba abba cde cde, typical of Italian sonnet.
Its theme is that people use their talent for God, and they serve him best sho can endure the suffering best.
2. John Bunyan约翰·班扬1628~1688
（代表作《天路历程》，宗教寓言，被誉为“具有永恒意义的百科全书”，是英国文学史上里程碑式著作。与但丁的《神曲》、奥古斯丁的《忏悔录》并列为世界三大宗教题材文学杰作。）
Puritan poet(清教徒派诗人)
①Religionary Allegory:
3. John Donne
the Metaphysical poet(玄学派诗人).
Metaphysical Poetry(玄学诗)：（用语）the diction is simple, the imagery is from the actual, (形式)the form is frequently an argument with the poet’s beloved, with god, or with himself.（主题：love, religious, thought）
Artistic features:
1. conceits or imagery奇思妙喻
2. syllogism三段论
①Meditations 沉思录
The Flea 虱子
②Songs And Sonnets
Holy Sonnets
③Valediction:
IV The 18th Century
A revival of interest in the old classical works, order, logic, restrained emotion(抑制情感) and accuracy
The Age of Enlightenment/Reason: the movement was a furtherance of the Renaissance of the 15th and 16th centries, a progressive intellectual movement, reason(rationality), equality&science(the 18th century)
小说崛起：
In the mid-century, the newly literary form, modern English novel rised(realistic novel现实主义小说)
Gothic novel(哥特式小说)：mystery, horror, castles(from middle part to the end of century)
1. Alexander? Pope亚历山大·蒲柏1688~1744
（18世纪英国最伟大的诗人，其诗多用“英雄双韵体”/ “heroic couplets”。词句工整、精练、富有哲理性。）
One of the first to introduce rationalism to England.
①
Artistic features:
https://www.360docs.net/doc/4a646661.html,ing “heroic couplets”
②
③
2. Samuel Johnson塞缪尔约翰逊1709~1784
①Dictionary =英语大词典
3. Jonathan Swift乔纳森·斯威夫特1667~1745
（十八世纪杰出的政论家和讽刺小说家a master satirist。）
①
Four parts:
Lilliput 小人国
Brobdingnag 大人国
Flying Island 飞岛
Houyhnhnm 马岛
②
④
4. Daniel Defoe丹尼尔·笛福1660~1731
小说家，新闻记者，小册子作者；十八世纪英国现实主义小说的奠基人。
He is the first writer study of the lower-class people,hislanguage is smooth, easy, colloquial and mostly vernacular, and he is the founder of realistic novel.
①
It praise the fortitude of the human labor and the Puritan.
Robinson grew from a naive and artless youth into a shrewd and hardened man,tempered by numerous trials in his eventful life.
It is an adventure story, Robinson, narrates how he goes to sea, gets shipwrecked and marooned on a lonely island, struggles to live for 24-years there and finally gets relieved and returns to England.
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5. Henry Fielding亨利·菲尔丁1707~1754
（英国小说家，戏剧家，被誉为“英国小说之父”。）
He is called “Father of English novel”. He was the first to write a “Comic epic in prose”(散文体史诗), and the first to give the modern novel its structure and style.
①novels:
②plays:
6.Oliver Goldsmith奥利弗·格尔德斯密斯1730~1774
①poems:
②novel:
7. Richard Brinsley Sheridan理查德·布林斯利·施莱登1751~1816
①
②
8. William Blake威廉·布莱克1757~1827
①
A happy and innocent world from children’s eye.
②
A word of misery, poverty, disease, war and repression with a melancholy tone from men eyes.
Include:
Lamb is a symbol of peace and purity
Tyger is a symbol of dread and oiolence
③
9.Robert Burns罗伯特·彭斯1759~1796
The greatest Scottish poet in the late 18th century.
Poems Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect主要用苏格兰方言写的诗
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V The Romantic Period
The romantic period began in 1798 the publication of Wordsworth and Coleridge’s
Romanticism:It emphasize the specialqualitie of each individual’s mind.(人应该是独立自由的个体)
In it, emotion over reason, spontaneous emotion, a change from the outer world of social civilization to
the inner world of the human spirit, poetry should be free from all rules, imagination, nature, commonplace.
Two major novelists of the Romantic period are Jane Austen (realistic) and Walter Scott (romantic).
“The Lake Poets”湖畔诗人，who lived in the lake district.
William Wordsworth; Samuel Taylor Coleridge; Robert Southey
1. William Wordsworth威廉·华兹华斯1770~1850
（与柯尔律治、骚塞同被称为“湖畔派”诗人。The Lake Poets）
①
②
Theme:1.Nature embodies human beings in their diverse circumstance. It is nature that give him “strength and knowledge fullof peace”
2.It is bliss to recolled the beauty of nature in poet mind while he is in solitude.
Comment:The poet is very cheerful with recalling the beautiful sights. In the poem on the beauty of nature, the reader is presented a vivid picture of lively and lovely daffodils(水仙) and poet’s philosophical ideas and mystical thoughts.
③Lines Composed A Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey
④The Solitary Reaper孤独的割麦女
②
2. Samuel Taylor Coleridge塞缪尔·泰勒·科尔律治1772~1834
The Lake Poets
①
②
③
Artistic features: mysticism, demonism with strong imagination, a strange territory
④
⑤
⑥
3. George Gordon Byron乔治·戈登·拜伦1788~1824
（拜伦式英雄Byronic heroes孤傲、狂热、浪漫，却充满了反抗精神。内心充满了孤独与苦闷，却又蔑视群小。恰尔德·哈罗德是拜伦诗歌中第一个“拜伦式英雄”。）
“Byronic hero” is a proud, mysterious rebel figure of noble origin, against tyrannical rules or moral principles.
①
②
4.Persy Bysshe Shelley波西?比希?雪莱1792~1822
①Poetic Drama：
Theme: the drama celebraies man’s victory over tyr anny and oppression
②
③Lyrics:
Theme: The author express his eagerness to enjoy the boundless freedom from the reality. Compare the west wind to destroyer of the old who drives the last signs of life from the trees, and preserver of the new who scatter the seads shich sill come to life in the spring. This is a poem about renewal, about the wind blowing life back into dead things, implying not just an arc of life (which would end at death) but a cycle, which only starts again when something dies.
Comment: Percy Bysshe Shelley's "Ode to the West Wind" is written in iambic pentameter. It contains five sonnet length stanzas, each with a closing couplet. The rhyming scheme form is aba bcb cdc ded ee. The tone is poignant. Many will agree that this poem is an invocation for an unseen force to take control and revive life.
Artistic features:
Using rerza rima(三行诗aba bcb cdc ded efe …)
5.John? Keats约翰?济慈1795~1821
(“美即是真，真即是美”是他的著名诗句。)
①Four great odes:
②
Theme: The theme of John Keats' poem, "To Autumn", is that change is both natural and beautiful. The poem praises the glories of the fall season by using almost every type of imagery to both charm and appeal to the reader.
Comment: The speaker in the poem acknowledges that time passes by, but also asserts that this change usually yields something new and better than what came before. Each of the poem's three stanzas represents the evolving of two different types of change. One type of change shown in the poem is the change of periods
in a day.
6. Jane Austen简·奥斯丁1775~1817
She compared her works to a fine engraving upon a literary piece of ivory only inches squire.
①
【Elizabeth Bennet & Darcy】in the end false pride is humbled and prejudice dissolved
【Collins & Charlotte Lucas】see the reality of marriage as a necessary step if a woman is to avoid the wretchedness of aging spinsterhood
【Lydia & Wickham】shown the dangers of feckless relationships unsupported by money.
【Mr.&Mrs. Bennet, Mr. Collins, Lady Catherine de Burgh】comic characters
7. Walter? Scott沃尔特?斯科特1771~1832
(历史小说之父”)Father of history novels
①
②
VI The Victorian Period
Common sense and moral propreity, again became the predominant preoccupation. Critical realists were all concerned about the fate of the common people and everyday events.
1. Charles Dickens查尔斯?狄更斯1812~1870
（批判现实主义小说家）critical realist writer
①
②
③
④圣诞颂歌
⑤
⑥
⑦
⑨
⑩
2. William Makepeace Thackeray威廉?麦克匹斯?萨克雷1811~1863
①
②
3. Charlotte Bronte夏洛蒂?勃朗特1816~1855
①
Jane Eyre, a plain little orphan, was sent to Lowood, a charity school. There she suffer a lot and 8 years later she left school and became a boverness at Thornfield Hall. There she falls in love with the master,Mr. Rochester.
It is noted for its sharp criticism of the existing society, e.g. charity institution such as Lowood School
It is a successful introduction to the first governess heoine in the English novel, whom represents those middle-class working women struggling for recognition of their basic rights and equality as a human being.
②
③
4. Emily Bronte艾米莉?勃朗特1818~1854
①< Wuthering? Heights>呼啸山庄
A story about two familie and an intruding stranger.
【TheEarnshaw Family】Mr. Earnshaw, his wife, the son Hindley, the daughter Catherine, Heathcliff
【The Linton Family】Mr.Linton, his wife, son Edgar, daughter Isabella
②< Old Stoic>
5. George Eliot乔治?艾略特1819~1880
①
②< Adam? Bede>亚当?比德
③< Silas? Marner>织工马南
④< Middlemarch>米德尔马契
6. Alfred Tennyson阿尔弗莱德?丁尼生1809~1892
（维多利亚时代最具代表性的伟大诗人）
Poet Laureate （桂冠诗人）
①< In Memoriam>悼念
To memorialize his friend
②< Break,? Break, Break>冲击、冲击、冲击
③< Idylls of the King>国王叙事诗
7. Robert? Browning罗伯特?白朗宁1812~1889
①< My Last Dutchess>我已故的公爵夫人
②< Home Thoughts From Abroad>海外乡思
Elizabeth Barrett Browing:
①
8. Robert Louis Stevenson
①
9. Thomas? Hardy托马斯?哈代1840~1928
（小说多以农村生活为背景；自然主义小说家。Wessex novels; novels of character and environment）
⑴Novels
①< Tess Of The D’Urbervilles>德伯家的苔丝
Theme:experience is as to intensity, and not as to duration
②< Jude The Obscure>无名的裘德
③< Under The Greenwood Tree>绿荫下
④< Far From? The Madding Crowd>远离尘嚣
⑤< The Mayor Of Casterbridge>卡斯特桥市长
⑥< The Return of the Native>还乡
⑵Poems
Wessex Poems And Other Verses
Poems Of The Past And Present
The Dynasts 列国
VII 1900~1950 The 20th Century Playwrights
①Oscar Wilde
②George Bernard Shaw
1. Oscar Wilde奥斯卡?王尔德1856~1900
（The Aesthetic Movement: Art for Art’s Sake）
①4 Comedies:
②Novel:
③Fairy Stories:
2. George Bernard Shaw乔治?伯纳?萧1856~1950
(英国杰出的批判现实主义剧作家）critical realistic dramatist
⑴Plays
①Plays Unpleasant
②Plays Pleasant
③Plays
Novelists (Realists)
1. Joseph Concrad
①
②
1.Why the book’s title is Heart of Darkness?
The story happened in Congo, the heart of Africa, and the color of people’s skin in there is black. Most important point about the title is to the evil in humans’ heart.
2.What is the symbolism of black and white
【Black / dark- 】death, evil, ignorance, mystery, savagery, uncivilized
Middle Ages, when science and knowledge was suppressed, as the Dark Ages.
According to Christianity, in the beginning of time all was dark and God created light.
According to Heart of Darkness, before the Romans came, England was dark. In the same way, Africa was c onsidered to be in the “dark stage”.
【White / light】life, goodness, enlightenment, civilized, religion.
Yet, in Concrad, the usual pattern is reverse and darkness means truth(The truth within, therefore dark and obscure.), whiteness means falsehood. This contrast tells a political truth about colonialism in the Congo. The contrast also suggests a psychological truth about Marlow and the Europeans mind.
White also suggests any number of unpleasant moral truths. The trade in ivory is white and dirty.Kurtz the white man is totally corrupt
https://www.360docs.net/doc/4a646661.html,ment
The book implies that civilizations are created by the laws and codes that encourage men to achieve higher standards. The law acts as a buffer to prevent men from reverting back to their darker tendencies.
Civilization, however, must be learned. London itself, in the book a symbol of enlightenment, was once "one of the darker places of the earth" before the Romans forced civilization upon the Britons.But civilized society does not get rid of primeval savage tendencies which lurk in the background.
This savagery is seen in Kurtz. Marlow meets Kurtz and he finds a man that has totally thrown off the
英国文学史及选读 复习要点总结概要
《英国文学史及选读》第一册复习要点 1. Beowulf: national epic of the English people; Denmark story; alliteration, metaphors and understatements (此处可能会有填空,选择等小题 2. Romance (名词解释 3. “Sir Gawain and the Green Knight”: a famous roman about King Arthur’ s story 4. Ballad(名词解释 5. Character of Robin Hood 6. Geoffrey Chaucer: founder of English poetry; The Canterbury Tales (main contents; 124 stories planned, only 24 finished; written in Middle English; significance; form: heroic couplet 7. Heroic couplet (名词解释 8. Renaissance(名词解释 9.Thomas More—— Utopia 10. Sonnet(名词解释 11. Blank verse(名词解释12. Edmund Spenser “The Faerie Queene” 13. Francis Bacon “essays” esp. “Of Studies” (推荐阅读,学习写正式语体的英文文章的好参照,本文用词正式优雅,多排比句和长句,语言造诣非常高,里面很多话都可以引用做格言警句,非常值得一读 14. William Shakespeare四大悲剧比较重要,此外就是罗密欧与朱立叶了,这些剧的主题,背景,情节,人物形象都要熟悉,当然他最重要的是 Hamlet 这是肯定的。他的sonnet 也很重要,最重要属 sonnet18。 (其戏剧中著名对白和几首有名的十四行诗可能会出选读 15. John Milton 三大史诗非常重要,特别是 Paradise Lost 和 Samson Agonistes。对于 Paradise Lost 需要知道它是 blank verse写成的,故事情节来自 Old Testament,另外要知道此书 theme 和 Satan 的形象。
英国文学史及选读__期末试题及答案
考试课程：英国文学史及选读考核类型：A 卷 考试方式：闭卷出卷教师: XXX 考试专业：英语考试班级：英语xx班 I.Multiple choice (30 points, 1 point for each) select from the four choices of each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statement. 1._____，a typical example of old English poetry ,is regarded today as the national epic of the Anglo-Saxons. A.The Canterbury Tales B.The Ballad of Robin Hood C.The Song of Beowulf D.Sir Gawain and the Green Kinght 2._____is the most common foot in English poetry. A.The anapest B.The trochee C.The iamb D.The dactyl 3.The Renaissance is actually a movement stimulated by a series of historical events, which one of the following is NOT such an event? A.The rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture. B.England’s domestic rest C.New discovery in geography and astrology D.The religious reformation and the economic expansion 4._____is the most successful religious allegory in the English language. A.The Pilgrims Progress B.Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners C.The Life and Death of Mr.Badman D.The Holy War 5.Generally, the Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th centuries, its essence is _____. A.science B.philosophy C.arts D.humanism 6.“So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,/So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.”(Shakespeare, Sonnets18)What does“this”refer to ? A.Lover. B.Time. C.Summer. D.Poetry. 7.“O prince, O chief of my throned powers, /That led th’ embattled seraphim to war/Under thy conduct, and in dreadful deeds/Fearless, endangered Heaven’s perpetual king”In the third line of the above passage quoted from Milton’s Paradise Los t, the phrase“thy conduct”refers to _____conduct. A.God’s B.Satan’s C.Adam’s D.Eve’s
(完整)最全面英国文学史知识点总结,推荐文档
英国文学史 I. Old English Literature & The Late Medieval Ages
英国文学史期末复习重点
英国文学史 Part one: Early and Medieval English Literature Chapter 1 The Making of England 1. The early inhabitants in the island now we call England were Britons, a tribe of Gelts. 2. In 55 B.C., Britain was invaded by Julius Caesar. The Roman occupation lasted for about 400 years. It was also during the Roman role that Christianity was introduced to Britain. And in 410 A.D., all the Roman troops went back to the continent and never returned. 3. The English Conquest At the same time Britain was invaded by swarms of pirates（海盗）. They were three tribes from Northern Europe: the Angles, Saxons and Jutes. And by the 7th century these small kingdoms were combined into a United Kingdom called England, or, the land of Angles. And the three dialects spoken by them naturally grew into a single language called Anglo -Saxon, or Old English. 4. The Social Condition of the Anglo -Saxon Therefore, the Anglo -Saxon period witnessed a transition from tribal society to feudalism. 5. Anglo -Saxon Religious Belief and Its Influence The Anglo -Saxons were Christianized in the seventh century. Chapter 2 Beowulf 1. Anglo -Saxon Poetry But there is one long poem of over 3,000 lines. It is Beowulf, the national epic of the English people. Grendel is a monster described in Beowulf. 3. Analysis of Its Content Beowulf is a folk lengend brought to England by Anglo -Saxons from their continental homes. It had been passed from mouth to mouth for hundreds of years before it was written down in the tenth century. 4. Features of Beowulf The most striking feature in its poetical form is the use of alliteration, metaphors and understatements. Chapter 3 Feudal England 1）T he Norman Conquest 2. The Norman Conquest The French -speaking Normans under Duke William came in 1066. After defeating the English at Hastings, William was crowned as King of England. The Norman Conquest marks the establishment of feudalism in England.
(完整)英国文学史知识点,推荐文档
一、The Anglo-Saxon period (449-1066) 1、这个时期的文学作品分类：pagan(异教徒) Christian(基督徒) 2、代表作：The Song of Beowulf 《贝奥武甫》( national epic 民族史诗) 采用了隐喻手法 3、Alliteration 押头韵（写作手法） 例子：of man was the mildest and most beloved, To his kin the kindest, keenest for praise. 二、The Anglo-Norman period (1066-1350) Canto 诗章 1、romance 传奇文学 2、代表作：Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (高文爵士和绿衣骑士) 是一首押头韵的长诗 三、Geoffrey Chaucer (1340-1400) 杰弗里.乔叟时期 1、the father of English poetry 英国诗歌之父 2、heroic couplet 英雄双韵体：a verse unit consisting of two rhymed(押韵) lines in iambic pentameter(五步抑扬格) 3、代表作：the Canterbury Tales 坎特伯雷的故事(英国文学史的开端) 大致内容：the pilgrims are people from various parts of England, representatives of various walks of life and social groups. 朝圣者都是来自英国的各地的人,代表着社会的各个不同阶层和社会团体 小说特点：each of the narrators tells his tale in a peculiar manner, thus revealing his own views and character. 这些叙述者以自己特色的方式讲述自己的故事，无形中表明了各自的观点，展示了各自的性格。 小说观点：he believes in the right of man to earthly happiness. He is anxious to see man freed from superstitions(迷信) and a blind belief in fate(盲目地相信命运). 他希望人们能从迷信和对命运的盲从中解脱出来。 4、Popular Ballads 大众民谣：a story hold in 4-line stanzas with second and fourth line rhymed(笔记) Ballads are anonymous narrative songs that have been preserved by oral transmission(书上). 歌谣是匿名叙事歌曲,一直保存着口头传播的方式
(完整word版)吴伟仁--英国文学史及选读--名词解释
①Beowulf: The national heroic epic of the English people. It has over 3,000 lines. It describes the battles between the two monsters and Beowulf, who won the battle finally and dead for the fatal wound. The poem ends with the funeral of the hero. The most striking feature in its poetical form is the use if alliteration. Other features of it are the use of metaphors(暗喻) and of understatements(含蓄). ②Alliteration: In alliterative verse, certain accented(重音) words in a line begin with the same consonant sound(辅音). There are generally 4accents in a line, 3 of which show alliteration, as can be seen from the above quotation. ③Romance: The most prevailing(流行的) kind of literature in feudal England was the Romance. It was a long composition, sometimes in verse(诗篇), sometimes in prose(散文), describing the life and adventures of a noble hero, usually a knight, as riding forth to seek adventures, taking part in tournament(竞赛), or fighting for his lord in battle and the swearing of oaths. ④Epic: An epic is a lengthy narrative poem, ordinarily concerning a serious subject containing details of heroic deeds and events significantly to a culture or nation. The first epics are known as primacy, or original epics. ⑤Ballad: The most important department of English folk literature is the ballad which is a story told in song, usually in 4-line stanzas(诗节), with the second and fourth lines rhymed. The subjects of ballads are various in kind, as the struggle of young lovers against their feudal-minded families, the conflict between love and wealth, the cruelty of jealousy, the criticism of the civil war, and the matters and class struggle. The paramount(卓越的) important ballad is Robin Hood(《绿林好汉》). ⑥Geoffrey Chaucer杰弗里.乔叟: He was an English author, poet, philosopher and diplomat. He is the founder of English poetry. He obtained a good knowledge of Latin, French and Italian. His best remembered narrative is the Canterbury Tales(《坎特伯雷故事集》), which the Prologue(序言) supplies a miniature(缩影) of the English society of Chaucer’s time. That is why Chaucer has been called “the founder of English realism”. Chaucer affirms men and women’s right to pursue their happiness on earth and opposes(反对) the dogma of asceticism(禁欲主义) preached(鼓吹) by the church. As a forerunner of humanism, he praises man’s energy, intellect, quick wit and love of life. Chaucer’s contribution to English poetry lies chiefly in the fact that he introduced from France the rhymed stanza of various types, especially the rhymed couplet of 5 accents in iambic(抑扬格) meter(the “heroic couplet”) to English poetry, instead of the old Anglo-Saxon alliterative verse. ⑦【William Langland威廉.朗兰: Piers the Plowman《农夫皮尔斯》】
英国文学史及选读知识要点I
Part I The Anglo-Saxon Period(449-1066) I Background 449 the Teutons ( the Jutes, the Anglos, the Saxons) II Literature The literature of this period falls into two divisions—pagan and Christian Two Anglo-saxon Christian poets: Caedmon （凯德蒙，公元7世纪盎各鲁－萨克逊基督教诗人）who lived in the latter half of the 7th century and who wrote a poetic Paraphrase of the Bible. Cynewulf（基涅武甫,盎各鲁――萨克逊诗人，生活在公元9世纪，其古英语诗稿于10世纪被发现，有《埃琳娜》,《使徒们的命运》，《基督升天》和《朱莉安娜》）, the author of poems on religious subjects III The Song of Beowulf( Beowulf, 公元7-8世纪之交开始流传于民间的同名史诗中的主人公，曾与水怪，火龙搏斗) Status: England’s national epic Written at the beginning of the tenth century Composed much earlier Length:3182 The whole song is essentially pagan in spirit and matter. Features : alliteration; metaphors; understatement Subject matter Part II The Anglo-Norman Period (1066—1350) I historical background: The Norman Conquest II. The Literature The literature which they brought to England is remarkable for its bright, romantic tales of love and adventure. III. Romance 1. Romance was the prevailing form of literature in feudal England. 2. Definition and features(理解) IV. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight a late-14th century middle-English outlining an adventure of Sir Gawain, a knight of King Arthur’s Round Table. It was a verse romance of 2530 lines, considered as the best of Arthurian romances. Part III Geoffrey Chaucer(1340?-1400) I Major works The Romaunt of the Rose《玫瑰传奇》is a translation from a French poem. His masterpiece: The Canterbury Tales II Contributions 1. Chaucer—the forerunner of Renaissanc e
吴伟仁的英国文学史及选读
History and Anthology of English Literature Part One The Anglo-Saxon Period Beowulf Questions: 1.The earliest literature falls into two divisions ___________, and_______________. 2.Christianity brings England not only __________ and___________but also the wealth of a new language. 3.Who is Beowulf? And What is Beowulf? 4.How did Beowulf come into being? 5.Who is Grendel? And what is the result of Grendel?s fight with Beowulf? 6.How did the Jutes hold the funeral for him? Key points of this part: The most important work of old English literature is Beowulf------- the national epic of the English people. It is of Germanic heritage, perhaps the greatest Germanic epic and contains evidently pre-Christian elements existing at first in an oral tradition, the poem was passed from mouth to mouth for generations before it was written down. The manuscript preserved today was written in the Wessex tongue about 1000A.D., consisting altogether of 3183 lines. There are three episodes related to the career of Beowulf: 1.the fight with the monster, Grendel. 2.The fight with Grendel?s mother, a still more frightful she-monster. 3.The moral combat with the fire Dragon. The significance lies in the vivid portrayal of a great national hero, who is brave, courageous, selfless, and ever helpful to his people. There are three important features:: 1.Alliteration (words beginning with the same consonant sound). This is characteristic of all old English verse. 2.Metaphors and understatements. There are many compound words used in the poem to serve as indirect metaphors that are sometimes very picturesque. , e.g. “riging-giver”is used for King; “hearth-companions “for his attendant warriors; “Whale?s road” for the sea; “spear-fighter” for soldier etc. And as understatement we can see: “not troublesome”for welcome; “need not praise”for a right to condemn. This quality is often regarded as characteristic of the English people and their language. 3.Mixture of pagan and Christian elements: the observing of omen, cremation, blood-revenge, and the praise of worldly glory.
《英国文学史及选读》课程教学大纲
《英国文学史及选读》课程教学大纲 一．课程基本情况： 1．编号：01015065, 01015096 (翻译方向)； 02015055,02015106 (教育方向) 2．层次与学制：本科, 四年制 3．总学时：68 4．学期与周学时：第五，六学期；周学时: 2 5．学分：2 6．执笔人：夏丹 二、课程性质与任务： 本课程为英语（翻译，教育方向）专业必修课。 该门课程在英语专业人才培养中旨在使学生从英国历史、语言、文化发展的角度，掌握英国文学各个时期的主要文学、文化思潮，文学流派，主要作家及其代表作，同时帮助学生对英国文学的发展有深刻的了解和认识，并通过介绍一些最基本的文化理论和批评方法，对部分在思想上艺术上有代表性，有影响的作家及作品进行分析、导读，增强学生对英国文学的形成和发展的理解，提高他们对文学作品的鉴赏能力和文学修养。 三、课程的基本要求 1．课程的要求：学完本课程，学生应该掌握如下能力： ①对于英国文学史有整体性的把握； ②掌握分析和鉴赏文学作品的能力； ③独立完成千字左右的文学作品评析的英文论文； ④掌握文学概念和相关文学流派的专业知识。 2．质量标准：在第五学期完成英国文学史中从中古时期到启蒙时期的文学流派及相关作家，完成两篇以上的英文作品分析论文；第六学期完成从浪漫主义时期到现代主义文学相关内容的学习，并整体把握整个英国文学史的脉络，完成三篇以上的英文作品分析论文。同时检验学生是否了解、认识英国文学各个时期的主要文化、文学流派、主要作家及其代表作品，了解英国文学的发展历史，并能够用最基本的文化理论和批评方法，理解、分析文学作品，提高文学鉴赏力、语言表达能力，提高文学修养。 四、课程内容与学时分配 第五学期： 第一章序言 (2 学时) 使学生对英国文学史和主要流派具有提纲挈领的认识。 第二章中古世纪时期（2学时） 使学生掌握英国文学的起源及其形式和主要代表作品 第三章杰弗里?乔叟 (2学时)
英国文学史复习资料(吴伟仁版上册)
英国文学史复习资料（上册） ★《贝奥武夫》Beowulf 它体现的是英雄叙事长诗，完成于公元九世纪。全诗长3183行，以斯堪的纳维亚（Sc andinavia）的英雄贝奥武夫（Beowulf）的英勇事迹构成主要内容。勇士贝奥武甫与怪物格伦德尔搏斗，使其断臂而死。怪物之母为子复仇，又被他追踪杀死。后来他做了国王。一次火龙来犯，他挺身斩龙，伤重而死，人民为他举行了隆重的葬礼。本诗以西撒克斯（Wessex）方言写成，押头韵而不押尾韵，用双字隐喻而不用明喻。是现存古英语文学中最古老的作品，是流传至今的欧洲最完整的一部史诗，也是欧洲最早的方言史诗。在语言学方面也是相当珍贵的文献。（安格鲁-撒克逊时期） ★《高文爵士与绿衣骑士》Sir Gaw ain and the Green Knight是英语韵文浪漫诗的杰出代表。全诗共2529行，作者不详，创作于诺曼时期向新时代过渡的14世纪它的题材属于亚瑟王和圆桌骑士的传说系列。作品以巨大的艺术表现力反映了骑士制度的理想，是中世纪封建贵族文化的精髓。在艺术上，此诗语言优美含蓄，情节完整紧凑，人物性格细腻丰满，诗中对大自然的精确而富于魅力的描写尤为引人注目，代表了中古英格兰北部头韵体诗歌艺术的最高成就。（安格鲁-罗马时期） ★杰弗雷·乔叟(Geoffrey Chauc er,约1343～1400）率先采用伦敦方言写作，并创作“英雄双行体”，对英国民族语言和文学的发展影响极大，故被誉为“英国诗歌之父”。代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》Canterbury Tales,描写一群香客（pilgrim）聚集在伦敦一家小旅店里，准备去坎特伯雷城朝圣。店主人建议香客们在往返途中各讲两个故事，看谁讲的最好。故事集包括了23个故事，其中最精彩的故事有：骑士讲的爱情悲剧故事、巴斯妇讲的骑士的故事、卖赎罪券者讲的劝世寓言故事、教士讲的动物寓言故事、商人讲的家庭纠纷的故事、农民讲的感人的爱情和慷慨义气行为的故事。作品广泛地反映了资本主义萌芽时期的英国社会生活，揭露了教会的腐败、教士的贪婪和伪善，谴责了扼杀人性的禁欲主义，肯定了世俗的爱情生活。《坎特伯雷故事集》的艺术成就
英国文学史及选读之文学史作品及作者
作家及作品 1.the first epic in the English history：the song of Beowulf 2.Romance(传奇)：Arthur and his Knights of the Round Table King Arthur and his Knights of the Round Table Sir Gawain and the Green Knight 3. Popular Ballads(民谣)：The Robin Hood Ballad 4. Geoffrey Chaucer(杰弗里·乔索)：The Romaunt of the Rose玫瑰传奇 The Book of the Duchess悼公爵夫人 Troilus and Criseyde特罗伊拉斯和克莱西德 The Canterbury Tales坎特伯雷故事集 5.Thomas More(托马斯?莫尔)：Utopia乌托邦book one book two 6.William Shakespeare（威廉.莎士比亚）：the great comedies： A Midsummer Night’s Dream仲夏夜之梦 The Merchant of Venice威尼斯商人 As You Like It皆大欢喜 Twelfth Night第十二夜 The great tragedies：Hamlet哈姆雷特 Othello奥塞罗 King Lear 李尔王 Macbeth 麦克白 Henry VI, Part II, III, I 亨利六世上、中、下 Richard III 里查德三世 The Comedy of Errors 错误的喜剧错中错 Titus Andronicus 克斯泰特斯·安庄尼 The Taming of the Shrew 驯悍妇 The Two Gentlemen of Verona 维洛那二绅士 Love’s Labor’s Lost 爱的徒劳空爱一场 Romeo and Juliet 罗密欧与朱丽叶 Richard II 里查德二世 King John 约翰王 Much Ado about Nothing无事生非 Henry IV, Part I; Henry IV, Part II 亨利四世 Henry V 亨利五世 The Merry Wives of Windsor 温莎的风流女人 Julius Caesar《凯撒大帝》 As You Like It《如愿》《皆大欢喜》 Twelfth Night 《第十二夜》 Troilus and Cressida 《特洛埃勒斯与克莱西达》 All’s Well That Ends Well 《终成眷属》 Measure for Measure 《恶有恶报》《一报还一报》 Antony and Cleopatra 《安东尼与克莉奥佩特拉》 Coriolanus 《科利奥兰纳斯》 Timon of Athens 《雅典的泰蒙
最全面英国文学史知识点总结复习过程
最全面英国文学史知 识点总结
英国文学史 I. Old English Literature & The Late Medieval Ages
英国文学史及选读作者作品列表
附：英国文学史及选读作者及作品（第一、二册） 一、盎格鲁-撒克逊时期The Anglo-Saxon Period ※《贝奥武甫》“The Song of Beowulf” 《浪游者》“Widsith” or “The Traveller’s Song”《航海家》“Seafarer” 二、盎格鲁-诺曼时期The Anglo-Norman Period ※《高文爵士和绿衣骑士》“ Sir Gawain and the Green Knight ” 杰弗里《史记》Geoffrey’s “History” 莱亚门《布鲁特》Laysmon’s “Brust” 《罗兰之歌》“Chanson de Roland” 三、乔叟时期Geoffrey Chaucer (1340?-1400) ※《坎特伯雷故事集》“The Canterbury Tales” 《玫瑰传奇》“Romance of the Rose” 《好女人的故事》“The Legend of Good Women” 《声誉殿堂》“The House of Fame” 《百鸟会议》“The Parliament of Fowls” 《特罗伊勒斯和克莱西德》“Troilus and Gressie” 大众民谣Popular Ballads ※《罗宾汉和阿林代尔》“Robin Hood and Allin-a-Dale”” ※《起来，去关门》“Get Up and Bar the Door” ※《派屈克·斯宾塞爵士》“Sir Patrick Spens” 托马斯·帕西《英诗辑古》 Bishop Thomas Percy ”Reliques of Anciet English Poetry” 兰格论《农夫皮尔期》“The Vision of Piers, the Plowman” 四、文艺复兴时期The Renaissance 1．威廉·莎士比亚William Shakespeare(1564-1616) 1590《亨利六世》第二部The Second Part of “King Henry Ⅵ” 《亨利六世》第三部The Third Part of “King Henry Ⅵ”1591《亨利六世》第一部The First Part of “King Henry Ⅵ”1592《理查三世》“The Life and Death of King Richard Ⅲ” 《错误的喜剧》“The Comedy of Errors” 1593《泰特斯·安德鲁尼克斯》”Titus Andronicus” 《驯悍记》“The Taming of the Shrew” 1594《维洛那两绅士》“The Two Gentlemen of Verona” 《爱的徒劳》“Love’s Labour’s Lost” 《罗密欧与朱丽叶》“Romeo and Juliet” 1595《理查二世》“The Life and Death of King RichardⅡ” 《仲夏夜之梦》“A Midsummer Night’s Dream” 1596《约翰王》“The Life and Death of King John” ※《威尼斯商人》“The Merchant of Venice” 1597《亨利四世》第一部The First Part of “King Henry Ⅳ” 《亨利四世》第二部The Second Part of “King Henry Ⅳ”1598《无事生非》“Much Ado About Nothing” 《温莎的风流娘儿们》”The Merry Wives of Windsor” 《亨利五世》”The Life of King Henry Ⅴ” 1599《尤利乌斯·凯撒》“The Life and Death of Julius Caesar” 《皆大欢喜》”As You Like It”1600《第十二夜》“Twelfth Night ,or, What You Will” ※1601《哈姆雷特》“Hamlet, Prince of Denmark” 1602《特洛伊洛斯与克瑞西达》“Troilus and Cressida” 《终成眷属》“All’s Well That Ends Well” 1604《一报还一报》“Measure for Measure” 《奥塞罗》“Othello, the Moore of Venice” 1605《李尔王》”King Lear” 《麦克白》“The Tragedy of Macbeth” 1606《安东尼和克莉奥佩特拉》“Antony and Cleopatra” 1607《科里奥拉鲁斯》”The Tragedy of Coriolanus” 《雅典的泰门》“Timon of Athens” 1608《佩里克利斯》“Pericles, Prince of Tyre” 1609《辛白林》“Cymbeline, King of Britain” 1610《冬天的故事》“The Winter’s Tale” 《暴风雨》“The Tempest” 《亨利八世》“The Life of King Henry Ⅷ” Poems《维纳斯与阿多尼斯》“Venus and Adonis” 《露克丽丝受辱记》“Lucrece” ※《十四行诗》“Sonnets” 2。弗朗西斯·培根Francis Bacon (1561-1626) ※《论真理》“Of Truth” ※《谈读书》“Of Studies” 《治学之道》“Advancement of Learning” 《新工具》“Novum Organum” 《科学推进论》“De Angmentis” 《随笔》包括：”Essays” : 《论真理》、《论死亡》“Of Truth” , ”Of Death” 《论复仇》、《论友谊》“Of Revenge” , ”Of Friendship”《收益权条例的学术解释》“Of the True Greatness of Kingdoms and Estates” 《法律的准则》“Maxims of the Law” 《谈使用法则》“Reading on the Sta tut e of Uses” 五、17世纪资产阶级革命与王政复辟时期 The 17th Century The Period of Revolution and Restoration. 1。约翰·多恩John Donne(1572-1631) ※《歌》“Song” ※《离别辞：节哀》“A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning”※《致死神》“Sonnet Death be not Proud” ※《遗物》“The Relic” 《歌与短歌》“Songs and Sonnets” 2。约翰·弥尔顿John Milton (1608-1674) ※《失乐园》“Paradise Lost” ※《失明述怀》“Sonnet On His Blindness” ※《梦之妻》“Sonnet On His Deceased Wife” 《欢乐的人》“L’Allegro” 《沉思的人》“Il Penseroso” 《列西达斯》“Lycidas” 《科马斯》“Comus” 《论出版自由》“Areopagitica”or“Speech for the Liberty of unlicensed Printing”《偶像破坏者》“Eikonoklastes”