高中英语写作基本句式

英语补弱之勇闯书面表达篇

河北省易县育英高级中学（074200）庞永升

英语书面表达是英语知识的综合运用；是基础知识升华。高考书面表达占30分，是分量较重的部分。因此掌握句式结构，准确翻译句子是基础。

（一）补习句式结构

下面以作文中经常出现的经典句式为例，对基本句型的运用作些说明，以提高书面表达能力。【句型1】主语+ 不及物动词（S+V）

【例句】

（1）I hesitated for a moment.

（2）The next day, we set off early in the morning.

练一练：

（1）为了赶上别人，你最好努力学习。To catch up with others, you’d better work harder.（2）事故是怎样发生的呢？How did the accident occur/happen?

（3）在刚刚过去的30年里，我们的生活发生了很大的变化。Our life has changed a lot in the past thirty years.

（4）她正沿着湖边走。She is walking along the lake.

【句型2】主语+ 系动词+ 表语（S+V+P）

常见的系动词有：be, seem, appear, become, go, get, grow, turn, look, sound, feel, taste, smell 【例句】

(１). As the saying goes, eyes are the window of our hearts.

众所周知的是，眼睛是心灵的窗户。

好处：谚语的使用增光添彩。

(2). Everyone is born equal.

每个人生来平等。

好处：意思表达准确。

练一练：

（1）那人看起来很善良。That man seems kind.

（2）我们以我们的朋友而自豪。We are proud of our friends.

【句型3】主语+ 及物动词+ 宾语

【例句】

(1). If your eyes are aching, doing some eye exercises can relieve your eye tiredness.

如果你的眼睛感到疼痛，做眼操可以缓解你的视力疲劳。

好处：动名词作主语引导从句。

(2).I believe after I fulfill these plans,1 will be able to lead a happy life in college.

我认为在我完成这些计划的时候，我将可以过上新的生活。

好处：lead a happy life，过上快乐的生活。

(3).I look forward to hearing from you.

我期待能收到你的消息。

好处：这个句子常用在信件的结尾，look forward to后面加分词或者名词。

(4). The striking differences between the two show rapid changes in people's life in China.

这两人着装上的巨大的差距，昭示了我国人民生活水平的巨大变化。

好处：striking修饰主语，表示强烈的语气。

练一练：

（1）我们欣赏着温暖的阳光和美丽的景色。we enjoyed the warm sunshine and a beautiful

view.

（2）年轻人喜欢听流行音乐。Young people enjoy listening to pop music.

【句型4】主语+ 及物动词+ 宾语+ 宾补

【例句】

（1）She wanted you to call her back as soon as you are home.

（2）Relying too much on mouse clicking makes us lazier and less creative both mentally and physically.

练一练：

（1）不幸的是，他们发现还钱有点难。Unfortunately they find it difficult to repay this money. （2）我们正在使我们的国家变得越来越漂亮。We are making our country more and more beautiful.

【句型5】There be 句型。表示某处有/存在/某物

be （must be/lives）

stands/exists/lies

There seems/happens to be +主语+状语

occurs/appears

【例句】

(1).Seeing her children flying happily in the sky, she feels very delighted.

看到孩子们在空中自由地翱翔，她感到很愉悦。

好处：现在分词作状语表示伴随状态。

(2). With the help of glasses, they can see the blackboard clearly.

在眼镜的辅助之下，他们才能将黑板看得更清楚。

好处：with引导状语表示伴随。

练一练：

（1）上个月以来这座博物馆前面常有小汽车被盗。There have often been stolen cars in front of the museum since last month.

（2）机器肯定是出故障了，因为它运转不正常。There must be something wrong with the machine, for it doesn’t run well.

（3）过去有一条小河环绕这个小村庄流过。There used to be a river around the small village. 【句型6】并列句：

【例句】

（1） A convenient tool can certainly make our work easier, but it doesn’t always help in a positive way.

（2）we can take part in some activities together and I can introduce you to others.

练一练：

（1）他脾气很好, 可是我还是不喜欢他。He is good-natured; still I don’t like him.

（2）她看上去很年轻, 可是她已三十多岁了。She looks very young, but she is already in her 30’s.

【句型7】状语从句

【例句】

(1). The hotel is located 500 meters far from the entrance of Baishan Moun-tain,a very convenient position to go sight-seeing in the Baishan Mountain.

宾馆在距离白山入口处500米的地方，这对于参观白山来说是一个很方便的位置。

好处：伴随状语的使用很到位。

(2). But since you are young, the disease won't be very serious and you can beat it．

但是因为你还比较年轻，疾病不会很严重，你能够战胜它。

好处：since，引导原因状语从句。

(3). As long as we hold this sense, we can surely achieve a sustainable devel-

opment。

只要我们有这个意识，我们就一定能实现可持续发展。

好处：as long as，只要；可持续发展的表达很准确。

(4). First, I will set my goal after entering college and improve the way of study so that I can properly make use of my time.

首先，我需要确定我在进入大学后的目标，改进学习方法，从而能够充

分地利用时间。

好处：复杂句的组织十分恰当而合理。

(5). Second,I must learn to live independently since l will leave home.

其次，我必须学会如何独立地生存，毕竟我会离开家里。

好处：since引导原因状语从句。

(6).A fashionable woman is sitting there with a laptop, while an older man who is wearing an old style of clothes is standing near her.

一个穿着时尚的女孩子坐在那里摆弄电脑，而一个穿着古老服饰的老

人站在一旁。

好处：while和who的作用。

(7). Not only our history, but also our culture is the access to understand us better.

不仅我们的历史，还有我们的文化都是让你更好了解我们的入口。

好处：连词的使用；词组the access to do

(8). Since the world has been connected as a whole, it's convenient for one to communicate with another no matter how far away the person is, life has taken up a quick rhythm and many people are taking advantage of the high technology, leading a more peaceful and enjoyable life.

自从世界之间相互联系之后，无论人们之间的距离多遥远，相互之间的交流还是很方便的，生活的节奏变得更快，人们利用高科技使得生活更加平静而又愉快。

好处：句子的组织很不错，无论是since引导原因状语从句，还是不定式做主语后置，包括词组的运用，如take advantage of。

练一练：

（1）我们到达电影院的时候,电影已经开演了. The film had begun when we got to the cinema. （2）I won’t believe what he says. （使用状语从句）

→No matter what he says, I won’t believe.

【句型8】名词性从句

【例句】

(1). So my viewpoint is that we are taught not only in English but using Chinese as a minor way to explain things that are hard to understand.

因此，我的观点是，用英文教授，同时对于一些难以理解的内容用中文进行辅助讲解。

好处：表语从句使用正确。

(2). I've learned it from the Internet that you want to make a Chinese friend so as to learn the Chinese language and culture.

我从互联网上得知，你想寻找一个中国朋友以便学习中国的语言和文化。

好处：组织句子的方式。

(3). However, other hold the opposite idea that the book is far more interesting and entertaining than a film.

然而，其他人持相反的观点，即书本比起电影更有趣，更有娱乐性。

好处：由that引导同位语从句。

练一练：

（1）To his surprise, the little girl knows so many things.（使用名词性从句）

→What surprises him is that the little girl knows so many things.

(That the littler girl knows so many things surprises him.／It surprises him that the littler girl knows so many things .)

（2）我想强调的是我们都应该多听听别人。What I want to stress is that each of us should listen more to others.

【句型9】定语从句

【例句】

(1). I'm sorry to hear that you got the lung cancer which brings you great pain．

我很遗憾地得知你身患肺癌，给你带来了巨大的痛苦。

好处：which引导限制性定语从句。

(2). Some students who wish to be taught in English will be disappointed.

那些希望英语授课的学生们可能会失望了。

好处：定语从句和wish to do的使用。

(3). It is really a good idea to exchange our two cultures through the magazine, which is of great help to our students and our friendship.

通过杂志我们可以交流文化，这对于我们的学生和友谊都很有益处。

好处：非限制性定语从句。

(4). The magazine can be a friendship bridge between our two schools which promotes our understanding of each other.

这份杂志在我们两个学校间建立起了友谊之桥，促进我们更好地了解彼此。

好处：bridge的使用很生动，同时which引导了定语从句。

(5). The vivid difference represents the development that has taken place in the past a hundred years.

这种鲜明的差异代表了人类在近一百年来取得的进步。

好处：定语从句和现在完成时。

(6).Third, the EXIT signs could not be seen clearly, which presented potential safety hazards.

第三，出口的标示不是很清晰，这就有可能带来安全的隐患。

好处：which引导的非限制性定语从句。

(7). This survey has shown that a good many students are suffering from bad habits, which may cause potential health problems to them.

这个调查表明很多学生都有着不好的饮食习惯，而这有可能对他们造成潜在的健康威胁。好处：非限制性定语从句；suffer from遭受。

练一练：

⑴我有一个喜欢古典音乐的朋友。

I have a friend who likes classical music.

（2）史密斯到美国去了，他曾教我们英语。

Mr. Smith, who once taught us English, has gone to America.

（3）房子旁边有棵树，那是我爷爷栽的。

There is a tall tree beside the house, which was planted by my grandpa.

（4）他住在一所大房子里，房前有一棵树。

He lives in a big house, in front of which stands a tree.

（5）我们见到了那个由他照看的女孩。

We saw the girl whom/that he took care of/looked after.

【句型10】非谓语结构

【例句】

(1). Based on the above, I am qualified to be a good interpreter in every sports meet during the time.

基于以上（的讨论），在运动会期间我会成为一个合格的解说员。

好处：短语和关键词的使用，比如base on和be qualified。

(2). There are many books available in our library, dealing with almost every subject.

在我们的图书馆里，我们可以看到很多的书，几乎涉及了每一个领域。

好处：定语后置，分词做状语，表示状态。

(3). Surrounded by rows of trees, our library stands out from all the other buildings.

被成行的树木所包围着，我们的图书馆矗立在其他教学楼之间。

好处：过去分词做状语。

(4). The film was very good, but I found some problems existing during the film.

电影很精彩，但是我发现存在一些问题。

好处：exit作为定语来修饰名词，所以需要用分词形式。

(5). Some of us think that it is better to see the film than to read the book in the original.

我们中有的人认为比起读原著，看电影是更好的方式。

好处：比较级的成分是两个不定式。

(6). From the cartoon, we can figure out the little boy on street, holding a book entitled Civic Virtue, appeals passers-by not to throw away rubbish and not to spit in public places, who are practically indifferent to their behaviors in public places.

从这个漫画中我们可以看到一个小孩在站在路上，手拿一本标题为公共道德的书，呼吁路人不要乱扔垃圾，不要随地吐痰——路人一向漠视这些行为。

好处：figure out指出；用分词做状语表示当时的状态。

练一练：

（1）She walked out of the lab and many students followed her. (用过去分词)

→Followed by many students, she walked out of the lab.

（2）They sang and laughed as they went back to school.( 使用V-ing形式)

→Singing and laughing, they went back to school.

（3）When he arrives, please give me an e-mail.（使用V-ing形式）

→On his arriving/ arrival, please give me an e-mail.

（4）Sitting on the train（坐在火车上）, I thought my dad would be very happy when he saw the present.

（5）Time permitting(时间允许的话), we’ll visit the Great Wall.

【句型11】倒装句

【例句】

(1).I think only when we help each other can we enjoy a happy life,

我认为只有我们互相帮助的时候我们才能感受到生活的快乐．

好处：倒装句的使用很正确。

(2). On the walls of my room are many nice photographs I took last weekend.

在我屋子里面的墙壁上，有我上周照的一些不错的照片。

好处：状语前置；省略了that的定语从句。

(3). Only in this way can we have enough energy to study better.

只有这样，我们才有足够的精力更好地学习。

好处：倒装句的正确使用。

练一练：

（1）仅仅是近几年来，妇女才开始在这个领域赶上男子。

Only in recent years have women begun to catch up with men in this area.

（2）He had no sooner come back from Beijing than he was sent abroad. (使用倒装句改写)

→No sooner had he come back from Beijing than he was sent abroad.

（3）Though I’m weak, I’ll make the effort. (使用倒装句改写)

→Weak as I am, I’ll make the effort.

（4）He did not know what had happened until he had read the news in the newspaper.( 使用倒装句改写)

→Not until he had read the news in the newspaper did he know what had happened.

【句型12】强调句

It is(was)+被强调部分+that(who)…。

【例句】

(1). It is the Ministry of Education that promotes this program.

是教育部推动了这个计划。

好处：强调句的使用十分准确。

(2). It is this magazine that helps our students know more about the US.

正是这份杂志帮助我们更好地了解了美国。

好处：强调句型使用很准确。

(3). It is a clean campus that provides favorable study environment which is good for us all.

正是干净的校园给我们提供了很好的学习环境，这对我们每个人都是有益的。

好处：强调句和定语从句的使用十分准确。

练一练：

（1）He did not know what had happened until he had read the news in the newspaper.(使用强调句型.It was…)

→It was not until he had read the news in the newspaper that he knew what had happened.（2）我不知道是否因为我这么长时间没能够到户外去，以致我对大自然中的一切变得这么狂热。

I wonder if it’s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.

【句型13】祈使句

【例句】

Show your respect and never stop others till they finish their talk; show you are interested by a supportive silence or a knowing smile; be open-minded to different opinions even though you don’t like them.

练一练：

（1）好好干，你就会成功的。Work hard, and you will succeed. （2）快点，要不就迟到了。Hurry up, or you’ll be late.

七．感叹句结构

1. What (+ adj.) + n.+ S. + v.!

2. How + adj./adv. + S. + v.!

3. How + S. + v.!

4. How + adj.+ a / an + n. + S. + v.!

e.g. 1) What a silly boy he is!

2) What terrible weather we are having!

3) How hard they are working!

4) How wonderful to be invited to a palace ball!