人教版_初中英语九年级教案_之_unit4_+_虚拟语气
Unit 4 What would you do?
在本单元内我们要完成以下学习任务：
1．学习表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气的结构。
2．学习谈论一些假设的、虚拟的情况。
3．学习使用虚拟语气提出建议。
一、重难点提示
1．What would you do if you had a lot of money?
如果你有很多钱你将做什么？
这是一个与现在事实相反的假设，用的是虚拟语气。虚拟语气用来表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议，而不表示客观存有的事实。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。在本单元中出现的是虚拟语气中的一种：表示与现在事实相反的一种假设，与if引导的条件状语从句一起使用。
结构：条件状语从句中的谓语动词用过去式（动词be多用were），主句中的动词用would＋动词原形。
e.g. —What would you do if you had a million dollars?
假如你有一百万美元你将干什么？
—If I had a million dollars, I’d buy a plane and travel around the world.
我将买一架飞机并周游世界。
e.g. If I were you, I’d wear a shirt and tie.
如果我是你，我会穿衬衣打领带。
I’d=I would
2．What if everybody else is wearing jeans and T-shirts?
如果别人都穿牛仔裤、T恤衫怎么办呢？
what if的用法：
（1）如果……怎么办？
e.g. What if I don’t know anyone?
如果我不理解任何人怎么办？
（2）即使……又有什么关系？
e.g. What if he goes angry?
即使他生气又有什么关系？
3．—What are you like?
你是个什么样的人？
—I think I’m creative and outgoing.
我想我具备创造力并且善于交际。
※注意以下几个句子所询问的不同内容：
（1）What are you like?(like是介词)询问的是性格（personality）。
（2）What do you like? (like是动词)询问的是爱好(hobby)。
（3）What do you look like?(like是介词)询问的是外貌（appearance）。4．Social situations don’t bother you in the slightest.
（1）bother 打扰，困扰；麻烦
e.g. Don’t bother me with stupid questions.
不要问一些愚蠢的问题来烦我。
I’m sorry to bother you.
对不起，打扰了。
Don’t bother about/with it.
不要为那件事烦恼。
（2）not …in the slightest =not… at all 一点也不，毫不
e.g. He didn’t seem to mind in the slightest.
他似乎毫不在意。
5．You like talking to one or two people rather than to a group.
你喜欢对一两个人讲话而不是是对一群人讲话。
rather than =instead of 意为“而不是”，用作连词，连接两个并列的成分。
e.g. I think I’ll have a cold drink rather than coffer.
我想要冷饮，不要咖啡。
Why didn’t you ask for help, rather than trying to do it on your own?
你为什么非得自己干而不请人帮忙？
You would also rather stay at home and read a good book than go to a party.
你还会宁愿呆在家里看一本书而不愿去一个聚会。
6．一些短语和词组：
（1）worry about 为……而担心
e.g. Don’t worry about me. I’ll look after mysel
f.
别为我担心，我会照顾我自己。
(2)
e.g. He made a speech on peace.
他以和平为题发表演讲。
（3）without permission 没经过允许
with permission 经过许可
（4）let sb. down 让某人失望
=make sb. disappointed
=frustrate sb.
（5）come up with 想出，找出（答案、计划）（不可用于被动语态）
e.g. You’ve come up with a good idea.
你想出的主意太好了。
6．the rest of the students 其余的学生
rest n. 其余，其他，
rest常用作the rest of，其后可接可数名词或不可数名词。
e.g. You can eat up the rest of the food.
你可吃光剩下的食物。
Mary is out. The rest of the girls are at home.
玛丽外出了，其余的女孩在家。
二．语法重点（Grammar Focus）虚拟语气
1. 语气就是我们常说的说话人说话的口气。
在汉语中，语气是由说话人说话的语调、情节等等表现出来的，动词没有任何变化。而在英语中，除了语调之外，最主要的是动词发生变化而表示不同的语气。
在英语中语气分为三类：陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气。
2. 虚拟语气：如果我们所说的不是事实，也不是要求、命令、劝告等，而仅仅一种假设、愿望、建议或是一种实现不了的空想就用虚拟语气。
3. 虚拟语气常用在条件句中，及其他一些从句中。
注意：条件句分两种，真实条件句和虚拟条件句。只有在虚拟（非真实）条件句中，才用虚拟语气，而在真实条件句中，要用陈述语气。
请比较：
（1）If it is sunny tomorrow , we’ll go to the zoo.
如果明天天气好，我们将会去公园。在这句话中，明天天气好是完全有可能实现的，并非虚拟、幻想，所以是真实条件句。在本句中，适用“主将从现。”
（2）If I were you , I would go at once.
（如果我是你的话，我立刻就走。）在这句话中，条件句，“如果我是你”，但事实上，我不可能成为你，这仅仅假设的情况，没有实现的可能。当条件实现的可能性很小，甚至能够说没有时，就需要用虚拟语气来表示，动词发生了变化。
4. 在虚拟语气中，句子动词的时态比真实条件句中的时态后退一步
即：
现在时→过去时（该用现在时时，用过去时）
过去时→过去完成时（该用过去时时，用过去完成时）
将来时→过去将来时（该用将来时时，用过去将来时）
过去将来时→过去将来完成时（该用过去将来时时，用过去将来完成时）
在这个单元中，我们只要求初步接触虚拟语气的用法及结构，学习表示与现在事实相反的情况下如何体
现虚拟语气。
5. “表示与现在事实相反的情况”的虚拟语气
请看例句：
If I were you , I would take a small present.
如果我是你的话，我就带上一个小礼物。
（注：在这个句子中，即“If I were you 中，一定用were ，而不能用was”）
（这句话中，是与现在的事实相反，“现在如果我是你的话。”事实上，我不可能成为你，也就根本没有实现的可能）
请大家注意主句与条件从句中动词时态的变化。
形式：
从句（用过去时）主句（用过去将来时）
If ＋主语＋主语＋
was。
又如：
If I won a million dollars, I’d give it to charities.
如果我赢了一百万英镑，我要捐给慈善机构。
（在此句中，If条件句中，动词用过去式won，主句则用should / would 加动词原形。现实情况是我没赢一百万英镑；虚拟的情况是假如我赢了一百万，这种虚拟是不可能变成现实的，所以用虚拟语气。）
6. 虚拟语气的疑问式，除了动词相对应的变化外，其他变化与陈述语气相同
如：
（1）What would you do if you were in the lion’s cage ?
如果你在狮子笼里，你会怎么做？
（疑问词在句首，主句中助动词提前，从句跟在主句后面。）
If I were in the lion’s cage, I’d call for help.
如果我在狮子笼里，我会大呼救命。
If I were in the lion’s cage . I’d get out fast.
如果我在狮子笼里，我会迅速出来。
（2）What would you do if you won the lottery ?
如果你赢了抽奖，你会做什么？
I’d give it to medical research.
我会用于医学研究。
Or I’d put it in the bank.
我会存到银行。
Or If I were a millionaire , I would buy a big house in the country.
如果我是百万富翁，我就在乡村买座大房子。
关于虚拟语气，我们要学习的东西还有很多，同学们会在今后的学习当中，慢慢接触到。
单项选择
A．找出与划线部分意思相同或相近的一项。
1．—Are you tired?
—Not in the slightest.
A．Not a little B．Not a few C．Not at all D．Not a lot
2．There are plenty of books in our school library.
A．a lot B．much C．number of D．lots of
3．You always come up with good solutions to people’s problem.
A．catch up with B．think of C．think over D．keep up with
4．I must study hard. I can’t let my parents down.
A．make, angry B．help, anymore
C．make, disappointed D．take care of
5．He is busy. Don’t bother him.
A．trouble B．worry about C．be afraid of D．ask
B．选择准确的答案完成句子
6．What would you do if you _____ free this afternoon?
A．are B．will be C．were D．had
7．If I _____ you, I _____ go to the movie tonight.
A．am, will B．were, would C．was, will D．were, can
8．She is going to a party, but she doesn’t know _____.
A．how to wear B．what to wear
C．what should she wear D．what to wear clothes
9．—What is she like?
—_____.
A．She is active and outgoing B．She likes English
C．She looks like a teacher D．She feels like having a walk
10．They preferred _____ at home rather than _____ the movie.
A．staying; going to B．to stay, go to C．to stay, going to D．stay, go to
汉译英：根据汉语意思完成句子，一空一词。
1．我不知道他是否会来。如果他来了，我会告诉你。
I don’t know if he ____ _____. If he _____, I’ll tell you.
2．在学校的考试中，她总是取得最好的成绩。
She always ___ ____ _____ the school exam.
3．对不起，我想不出什么好的建议给你。
Sorry. I can’t _____ _____ ____ ____ _____ ______ ______ you.
4．我们想你代表我们班去参加学校的运动会。
We want you ____ ____ our class ____ ____ _____ ____ ____.
5．我宁愿读一本好书也不原去看那无聊的电影。
I _____ ____ ____ a good book _____ _____to see the boring movie.
完形填空：通读全文，根据短文内容，从A、B、C三个选项中选出能够填入空白处的最佳答案。(2004年四川省中考题)
Mr. Evans worked in Seattle, but then he changed his job. He and his wife moved to 1 town. They didn’t have many 2 there, 3 they soon met many interesting people. 4 a few weeks they often went to dinner or to 5 at other people’s homes.
One day Mr. and Mrs. Evans also had a party at home. They 6 their friends to come. They and their friends all had a good time. They sang and danced 7 and didn’t8 even it was very late. At 9 a policeman came and asked them to 10 their party because they made so much noise.
1．A．other B．the other C．another
2．A．friends B．children C．jobs
3．A．and B．but C．so
4．A．After B．Before C．About
5．A．meetings B．picnics C．parties
6．A．shouted B．invited C．sent
7．A．quickly B．badly C．happily
8．A．leave B．begin C．come
9．A．breakfast B．once C．midnight
10．A．begin B．stop C．go on with
阅读理解：
Robert had just moved into the street and he felt it strange that he was not wanted. He knew that perhaps the other boys were trying to get an idea of what kind of boy he was. This did not help to make him less lonely. He was new and he had to be tested (考验). Still, proving (证明) himself would not be all that easy. He did not want to run with bad boys or get into something against the law (法律) to prove that he was strong. No! He must show what he was made of in a more helpful way. That’s when he got the idea.
The next day was Saturday. He knew that most of the boys would be down on the playground and choose up sides for the Saturday game. Robert knew he could play well and that just might be enough to prove he was strong and to make friends with them. He arrived early and did his step exercises. He shot (投掷) the ball several times and did some other exercises－the most difficult and most wonderful in basketball. Then the boys came. Robert
went through what he had done before the game and showed what he could do. No one said a word. The boys just looked at each other and thought about it. In the end, when it was all over, the biggest of the group just smiled and shook (摇)his head. Robert knew he had made it.
1．What does“This did not help to make him less lonely”mean?
A．Robert felt more lonely because the other boys wanted to test him.
B．Robert did not want himself to be less lonely.
C．Robert felt as lonely as before when the other boys tried to find out what kind of boy he was.
D．The other boys did not want to make Robert feel less lonely.
2．Why would it not be easy for Robert to prove himself?
A．Because he was not sure if he was really strong.
B．Because he was new and was not wanted in the street.
C．Because the other boys had found out what kind of boy he was.
D．Because he must choose the best one among different ways.
3．When did Robert decide to prove himself by playing basketball?
A．After he had thought about the two wrong ways.
B．Long before he moved into the street.
C．When the other boys came down to the playground.
D．As soon as he showed what he was made of in front of the other boys.
4．What did the biggest of the group mean by shaking his head?
A．He did not want to say anything about what Robert had done.
B．He had not thought Robert could play so wonderfully.
C．He did not want to make friends with Robert.
D．He did not think Robert played basketball well.
5．The name of the story should be ______.
A．Three Ways to Prove Oneself
B．Robert is Lonely
C．Just One of the Boys
D．A Saturday Basketball Game
单项选择答案提示：
1．C 一点也不
2．D plenty of“很多”，可修饰可数名词和不可数名词。与a lot of和lots of能够互换。
3．B “想出，想起”
4．C “使某人失望”
5．A “打扰”
※做这种练习既要注意与划线部分的意义上的一致，同时要注意所选答案的时态也应一致。
6．C 从主句中可看出这里应用虚拟语气。
7．B 在虚拟语气中，无论主语是第几人称，动词be应用were，主句中用would＋动词原形。8．B 疑问词＋不定式构成复合结构做宾语，C不是陈述句语序。
9．A 询问的是personality.
10．B prefer to do sth rather than do sth.宁愿……而不……
汉译英答案：
1．will come, comes
2．comes top in
3．think of any good advice to give
4．to represent, in the school sports meeting
5．would rather read, than go
完形填空答案：1—5 C A B A C 6—10B C A C B
解析：
1．C 另一个。众多中的不定的另一个用another，the other用来表示两个中的另一个。
2．A 根据句意来选题。
3．B 表示转折
4．A 根据句意应该是几周后。
5．C 参加聚会。
6．B 作为回报他们邀请别人来参加他们的聚会。
7．C 根据句意来选题。
8．A 因为玩得太高兴了不想离开。
9．C 根据时间推测应该是午夜。
10．B 警察来要求他们停止。
阅读理解答案及提示：
1．C Robert 觉得他还像原来一样孤独。
2．D Robert 想用一个更合适的方法来证明自己。
3．A 从第一自然段中可得出结论。“他既不想与一些坏孩子混到一起，又不愿意做违反法律的事。”4．B 根据第二自然段可推断出来。
5．C 用反推的方法来得出答案。