(完整word版)高中英语-省略句
省略句
1.省略句的定义
省略是为了避免重复、突出新信息并使上下文紧密连接的一种语法修辞手段。省略在语言中，尤其在对话中，是一种十分普遍的现象。
2.词的省略
（1）省略介词
He spent four hours (in) going over his lessons. 他花了四个小时复习功课。
I’ve studied Eng1ish (for) five years.我已学五年英语了。
（2）省略连词that
I believe (that) you will succeed．我相信你们会成功的。
It’s a pity (that) he’s leaving. 他要走，真遗憾。
I’m sure (that) she will help you. 我肯定她会帮你的。
（3）省略关系代词
I’ll give you all (that) I have. 我要把我所有的一切都给你。
He read the book (which) I got yesterday. 他看过我昨天买的书了。
3.句子成分的省略
（1）省略主语
Beg your pardon. （我）请你原谅。（Beg前省略了主语I）
Take care! 当心！（Take前省略了主语you）
Looks as if it will rain. 看起来象要下雨。（Looks前省略了主语it）
（2）省略谓语
Who next? 该谁了？（Who后面省略了谓语comes）
The river was deep and the ice thin. （ice后面省略了was）
We’ll do the best we can. 我们将尽力而为。（can后面省略了动词do）
（3）省略表语
Are you ready? Yes, I am. 你准备好了吗？我准备好了。（am后面省略了ready）
He was a lover of sports as he had been in his youth. 他还是象年轻时那样，是一位运动爱好者。（had been后面省略了a lover of sports）
（4）省略宾语
Let’s do the dishes. I’ll wash and you’ll dry. 让我们洗碗吧，我来洗，你来揩干。（wash和dry 后面省略了宾语dishes）
（5）省略定语
He spent part of the money, and the rest he saved. 那钱他花了部分，其余的他都存了起来。（the rest后面省略了定语of the money）
（6）省略状语
He was not hurt. Strange! 他没有受伤，真奇怪！（Strange前面省略了状语how）
4. 从句的省略
?名词性从句
1)名词性wh-从句中的省略现象。如果从句谓语与主句谓语相同，从句可省略全部谓语，甚至主语也可省略，只保留一个wh-词。
She will go to Beijing, but I do n’t know when (she will go to Beijing).
她要去北京，但我不知道是什么时候。
She can’t come, but I don’t know why (she can’t come).
她不能来，但我不知为什么。
wh-从句若是被动结构，主谓语也可全部省略，只保留by＋wh词。
The cup was broken by someone, but I wonder (the cup was broken) by whom．
这个杯子被某人打碎了，但我纳闷是被谁打碎的。
如果从句相同而wh-词不同，则可省略第一个从句而把两个wh-词连接起来。
I don’t know when (to meet him) and where to meet him.
我不清楚什么时间、什么地点见他。
2)在与表示命令、愿意、建议等相关的名词性从句中，常用should型虚拟，而从句谓语部分中的should常省略。
We require that he (should) tell us the truth.我们要求他告诉我们真相。
3)在句型“It is necessary/surprising/suggested/natural /strange…+ that从句”中，从句通常用should型虚拟，而should常常可以省略。
Everyone thinks it is necessary that our research group（should）begin the experiment at once．每个人都认为我们的研究小组立刻开始实验是必要的。
4)在宾语从句中，连词that常可省略。但如果有两个宾语从句，第二个宾语从句的that不能省；如果宾语从句和主句谓语之间有插入语时，that也不能省略。
I believe (that) you will succeed.
我认为你会成功。
5)名词性从句的省略结构，即“wh- + to do sth.”。通常这样的省略结构适应于从句的主语与主句的主语一致的情况。
I don’t know what to do next.
我不知道下一步做什么。
How to deal with the matter has not been decided.如何处理这件事还没有定下来。
?形容词性从句（定语从句）中的省略
1)当关系代词在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时，常被省略。
Do you remember the place (which /that) we visited last year?
你记得我们去年参观的那个地方吗？
2)当先行词为way, direction等词时，其后面定语从句中的that, which, 或介词＋which等常被省略。
Do you know the way (in which) work is measured？
你知道衡量工作的方式吗？
3)某些定语从句的省略结构，即“介词+ which/whom +不定式”
Can you find me a room in which to live?
你能给我找个住的房间吗？
He is a good person to whom to turn.
他是一个能向他求助的好人。
?副词性从句（状语从句）的省略
状语从句的省略原则主要是：如果从句中的主语和主句中的主语一致，就可以经过一定的变动把状语从句中的主语和谓语的一部分或全部省略，从而使语言更加简洁、明了。
1)时间状语从句中的省略
注：as在引导时间状语从句时，没有这种省略现象。我们不可说As walking, she found a nice shining thing on the ground.
When (she was) very young, she began to learn to play the piano.
While (I was) at college, I began to know him, a strange but able student. 我在上大学时就开始认识他，一个奇怪但有能力的学生。
When arriving, send me a telegram. (When you arrive, send me a telegram.)到达之后，来个电报。Before leaving, turn off all the lights. (Before you leave, turn off all the lights.)走之前，请关闭所有的灯。
Don’t come in until (you are) asked to. 不叫你请你不要进来。
Whenever (it is )possible, you should come and help. 不管什么时候只要有可能就来帮忙。You should let us know the result as soon as(it is) possible. 你应尽快让我们知道结果。
2)地点状语从句中的省略
地点状语从句的省略常用下列结构：where(ver) possible, where(ver) necessary,
Lay these books where possible you can find them easily.把这些书放在你可能容易找到的地方。Put in articles wherever necessary in the following passages.在下列文中需要的地方填入冠词。
3)条件状语从句中的省略
常用的句型是：if necessary, if possible, if true, if anyone等。
如：
Send the goods now if (they are) ready. 货物如果准备好了，请送过来。
He will come if (he is) asked. 如果叫他来，他就来。
If (it is) necessary, ring me at home. 如果有可能，朝我家里打电话。
Come along with me if (it is) possible. 如果有可能和我一起去吧.。
If (it is) true, this will casue us a lot of trouble. 如果是真的，这会给我们带来很多麻烦。There are few people nowadays, if (there are) any, who remember him. 很少有人能记起他。
You should stay where you are, unless (you are) asked to leave. 你应呆在你现在的地方不动，除非叫你动。
4)让步状语从句中的省略
He is a good man, though sometimes (he is) rather dull. 他真是个好人，尽管有时有点无聊。Even if (I am ) invited to, I won’t go to such a bad lecture. 即使邀我去，我都不想听如此坏的报告。
5)比较状语从句中的省略
She can play the piano just as wonderfully as you (do). 她钢琴弹的我你弹的一样好。
She has finished the work earlier than (it has been ) expected. 她这项工作比预料的提前完成。
6)方式状语从句中的省略
as if/as though后还可加n./a./ad./介词短语／现在分词／过去分词／不定式。
He acts as if (he were) a fool.
She talked to the stranger as if (she were) absent-minded.
He opened the desk, as if (he was) in search of something important.
The boy is running impatiently here and there as if (he is) searching for something lost on the sports ground.
The football player is rolling on the ground as if (he is) hurt badly in the leg.
He moved his lips as if (he wanted )to speak.
5.与不定式相关的省略
(1)通常为了避免重复，在联系密切的语境中，作宾语或宾语补足语的不定式只保留不定式符号to。
----Will you come to have supper with me? —你来和我一起吃晚饭好吗？
----I’d like / love to (come to have supper with you). —我愿意。
She went teaching because she wanted to (go there).
她去教书，因为她想去。
Don’t touch anything unless your teacher tells you to.
除非你老师告诉你，否则不要触摸任何东西。
(2)注意：如果不定式符号to后面是be时，要保留be。如果不定式用了完成式，要保留到助动词have。
The city now is much noisier than it used to be.
这个城市比过去喧闹多了。
---- It seems that he has known the truth. —看来他已经知道了事实。
---- Yes, he seems to have. —是的，看来他好像知道了。
(3)如果不定式作表语，用于解释“do”的内容，to 也常可省。
What I did was (to) lay the table.
我所做的是摆桌子。
6.与特殊疑问句相关的省略
(1)特殊疑问句的回答形式有两种，一种是部分回答（即省略结构），一种是完全回答。
----What do you suggest? —你有什么建议？
----(I suggest )Going fishing on Sunday. —周日钓鱼。
(2)由固定词组引导的疑问句。
What about having a walk after supper?
饭后散步怎们样？
How come they left you alone here?
他们怎么会把你一个人留在这儿？
What if it rains?
倘若下雨怎么办？
Why not try again?
为什么不再试一次呢？
7.独立主格结构中的分词若为being或having been时，通常省去不用，意义不受影响。The meeting (being) over, we all left the room.
会议结束了，我们都离开了房间。
All the tickets (having been) sold out, we had to go again the next day.
所有的票都卖完了，我们不得不第二天再去。
8.与助动词相关的省略
---- Do you enjoy reading novels? —你喜欢读小说吗？
---- Yes, I do. —是的，我喜欢。
【提醒】有时为了句意或时态的需要，要保留两个助动词。
---- Did he attend the meeting?
----No, but he should have. He was supposed to give a speech at the meeting.
—他参加那个会议了吗？
—没有，但他本来应该参加的。他应该在会上作报告。
9. “so, not” 常用来替代从句，形成一种别样的省略结构。
so用于替代肯定形式的从句，表示说话者赞同前述的事实，常和表示看法、意见等的动词(think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine, guess, say, hope, fear)等连用。not用于替代否定形式的从句，表示说话者不赞同前述的事实。
【提醒】当表示说话者不赞同前述的事实时，也可用借助于上述动词的否定形式和so 连用，但afraid, fear, hope等不能用此形式。
----- I hope he will win. —我希望他会赢。
----- I hope so, too. —我也希望如此。
-----It will rain tomorrow. —明天会下雨。
-----I believe not./ I don’t think so. —我不这样认为。
10.在条件句中的虚拟语气中，若if从句中含有should, had 或were，那么就可省略if，把这些词提到主语前，使用部分倒装结构。
Were I you /If I were you, I would go with her.
如果我是你的话，我就和她一起走。
Had you taken part in the party, you would have met the man.
如果你参加了那个聚会，你就会见到那个男人。
11.与强调句式有关的省略
强调句式“It is/was+被强调部分+that+句子的剩余部分”有时承接上文，可以把句式中的“that+句子的剩余部分”省略。
---- Where did you find him? —你在什么地方找到的他？
----It was in the lab (that I found him). —是在实验室。
注意：
省略句可同时省掉句子几个成份
What exciting news! (= What exciting news it is!) 多么令人激动的消息啊！
Pity he’s failed. (= It is a pity that he’s failed.)很遗憾，他失败了。
I like him more than her. (= I like him more than I like her.) 我喜欢他更甚于喜欢她。
英语中有一些固定的省略结构：
a) 在以if, when, though, as if（好象）等连词引导的从句中，如从句中的主要动词是be ，
常将主语和动词be 省略。
If necessary, we shall send a telegram home. 如有必要，我们就往家里打电报。
Whenever possible, he will come to my help. 他一有可能就来帮助我。
While cycling, don’t forget the traffic lights. 骑车时，不要忘记看红绿灯。
b) 由固定词组引导的疑问句：
What about having a game of chess? 下盘棋怎么样？
How come they left you alone here? 他们怎么会把你一人留在这里呢？
What if it’s raining? 如果天下雨怎么办？
Why not try again? 为什么不再试试呢？
c) 在口语中，为了避免重复，不定式可以省去和句子前部重复的动词原形而只留下不定式符号to。
He may leave if he wishes to. 他可以走，如果他愿意的话。
Don’t go till I tell you to. 等我叫你走你再走。
被省略的部分一般可以在句子中补上，但有时省略结构已经定型，如果把省略部分补上，反而不合乎习惯。
He is taller than I am. 他比我高。（am之后省略tall，补上不合习惯）
No parking. 禁止停车。（告示用语= No parking is allowed here.）
有一些习惯表达很难补上所省略的部分：
Not at all. 不用谢。No matter. 不要紧。Thanks. 谢谢。
I. 改写句子, 使用省略手段避免下面各句重复
1. Someone has used my mobile phone, but I don’t know who has used it.
2. John worked hard but his brother did not work hard.
3. I have lazy students and hardworking students in my class.
4. --- Has he ever been abroad?--- No, he has never been abroad.
5. If it is necessary, we will finish it ahead of time.
6. You must not be late and you must not be absent.
7. Give me your name and address, please.
8. It is well done.
9. Mother can take a rest, Mother should take a rest but Mother won’t take a rest after long hours of work.
10.He could answer the questions very well if he would answer the questions but he didn’t answer the questions.
II. 单项选择
1. --- I won’t do it any more. --- ________?
A. Why don’t
B. Why don’t do it any more
C. Why not
D. Why not to
2. Although ________ to stop, he kept on working.
A. tell
B. telling
C. having told
D. told
3. --- Will you waste your time and money on that? --- Certainly ________.
A. I not
B. don’t
C. not
D. no
4. --- Mary didn’t attend the lecture, did she? --- Yes, she ________.
A. attended
B. didn’t attend
C. didn’t
D. did
5. --- What’s Joan doing?--- _________ newspapers in the room.
A. She reading
B. She reads
C. To read
D. Reading
6. _________ always succeed.
A. Honest and clever students
B. Students who honest and clever
C. Honest students and clever
D. Students are honest and clever
7. --- Can you climb that tree, my boy? --- __________ ?
A. I
B. Myself
C. Mine
D. Me
8. Some people are against the plan but _______ support it.
A. any more
B. many more
C. much more
D. no more
9. --- I’ll be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat?
--- Not at all. _________.
A. I’ve no time
B. I’d rather not
C. I’d like to
D. I’d be happy to
10. --- Why not go and have dinner in a restaurant? --- _________. It’s too expensive.
A. Why not
B. I agree
C. I’m afraid not
D. I’m sure
答案：
CDCDD ADBDC
高考英语语法-省略
高考英语语法——省略 无论在口语中还是在书面语中,有时为了讲话简洁或行文方便,常常在不影响文意的情况下将句子中的某些成分略去,这种现象称为省略。纵观历年高考试题,"省略"在单项填空中频频出现。 简单句中的省略 1、省略主语祈使句中主语通常省略；其它省略主语多限于少数现成的说法。 (1) (I) Thank you for your help. (2) (I) See you tomorrow. (3) (It) Doesn’t matter. (4) (I) Beg your pardon. 2、省略主谓或主谓语的一部分 (1) (There is) No smoking . (2) (Is there) Anything wrong ? (3) (Will you) Have a smoke ? (4) What/How (do you think) about a cup of tea ? (5) Why (do you) not say hello to him ? 3、省略作宾语的不定式短语，只保留to，但如果该宾语是动词be或完成时态，则须在之后加上be或have: (1) –Are you going there? --Yes, I’d like to (go there). (2) He didn’t give me the chance, though he had promised to (give me the chance). (3) –Are you an engineer? --No, but I want to be. (4) –He hasn’t finished the task yet. --Well, he ought to have. 4、省略表语 (1) –Are you thirsty? --Yes, I am (thirsty). (2) His brother isn’t lazy, nor is his sister (lazy). 5、同时省略几个成分 (1) Let’s meet at the same place as (we met) yesterday. (2) –-Have you finished your work ? ---(I have) Not (finished my work) yet. 1、主句中有一些成分被省略 (1) ( I’m ) Sorry to hear you are ill. (2) ( It’s a ) Pity that he missed such a good chance. 2、主句中有一些成分被省略 (1) –Is he coming back tonight? --I think so. (2) –She must be busy now? --If so, she can’t go with us. (3) –Is she feeling better today? --I’m afraid not. (4) –Do you think he will attend the meeting? --I guess not. 这种用法常见的有：How so? Why so? Is that so? I hope so. He said so.及I suppose/believe/hope not. 两个并列句中，后一个分句常省略与前一分句中相同的部分。 (1) My father is a doctor and my mother (is) a nurse. (2) I study at college and my sister (studies) at high school. (3) When summer comes, the day is getting longer and longer, and the night (is getting) shorter and shorter. 1、连词的that省略 (1) 宾语从句中常省略连词that，但也有不能省略的情况。
高中英语省略句用法详解及练习
省略句 为了使话说得简明扼要，英语句子中某个单词、短语甚至从句或主句都可以省去。 Ⅰ、状语从句中的省略用法 一、如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且从句的谓语含有be动词的某种形式 （am/is/are/was/were），可同时省略从句的主语和be动词的某种形式。 1、when，while引导的时间状语从句 e.g. Do be careful when (you are) crossing the street. When/While (I was) on my way to work, I met her. 2、if，unless，once引导的条件状语从句 e.g. If (it is) properly treated, waste will do no harm to the environment. I’ll not go to the party unless (I am) invited. Once (you are) caught stealing in a supermarket, you will be punished. 3、though，although，whether，no matter whether/what/how/who等引导的 让步状语从句 e.g. He was happy, though/although (he was) poor. Whether (she is) sick or well, she is always cheerful.
No matter how/However hard the task (is), we must fulfill it in time. （注：从句的主语和主句的主语不一致时，只省略从句中的be动词形式） 4、as if，as though引导的方式状语从句 e.g. He rubbed his eyes and yawned as if/though (he was) waking up after a long sleep. He stood up as if/though (he wanted) to leave.（as if/though + to do表示一个将来的动作） 二、than，as引导的比较状语从句中的省略用法：当不同的主语进行比较时， 一般省略从句中的谓语；当从句中的主语与谓语（be动词除外）和主句中的主语与谓语相同时，通常省略从句中的主语和谓语，只保留比较部分。 e.g. He is taller than his brother (is). I have as much as confidence in you as (I have confidence) in him. 三、以if从句为代表的状语从句中的特殊省略用法：通常省略了it is，that is， there is/are。 e.g. If (it is) possible/necessary, this old temple will be rebuilt. If (that is) so, I will call you back at 5:00 pm. There are only a few books in our school library, if (there are) any. Ⅱ、定语从句中的省略用法 关系词的省略关系代词that，which，whom等在限制性定语从句中充当宾语且不位于介词之后时，可以省略；in which或that在先行词way后作方式状语从句时可省略。 e.g. The man (that/who/whom) you visited last night is my grandpa. I don’t like the way (in which/that) you treat the girl. Ⅲ、虚拟语气中if及should的省略 1、当条件状语从句中有were，had，should等时省略if，把它们提至句首，形 成倒装句。 e.g. If I were a teacher, I would be strict with my students. = Were I a teacher, I would be strict with my students. 2、Suggest，insist，order，require等表示建议、要求、命令的动词后接的从句 中，谓语动词常用“should+动词原形”，should可以省略。 e.g. The doctor suggested that he (should) try to lose weight. Ⅳ、不定式符号to的省略 1、感官动词see，hear，feel，watch等和使役动词have，make，let等后接不定 式作宾语时，不定式省略to。(一感feel,二听hear, listen to, 三让have, let, make,四看see, look at, observe, watch) 2、do nothing but，can’t help but等结构常接省略to的不定式。 E.g. We didn’t do anything but stay at home watching TV yesterday. Hearing the news, sh e couldn’t help but cry. 3、在特定语境中为了避免重复，当不定式再次出现时，在want，wish，hope， try，plan，like，love，hate后往往只保留to，而省略后面的动词。但不定式后有be，have时，也保留be和have。 E.g. My parents encouraged me to go to college, but I didn’t want to. Ⅴ、So和not的替代性省略 用于避免重复前面所说过的内容，替代词so/not替代肯定或否定的名词性从句。
高考英语语法专项突破训练专题16-倒装句和省略句
专题十六倒装句和省略句重难点分析 一、倒装句 倒装句主要考查以下几个方面： ◆含有否定意味的词置于句首，用部分倒装； ◆“only+状语/状语从句”置于句首，用部分倒装； ◆so/such…that句型中，“so+形容词/副词”提前，用部分倒装； ◆表示方位的副词或介词短语放在句首，要用完全倒装。 1. 倒装句用法一览表：
2. 特别提示 (1) there be结构的倒装句型中，除了be动词之外，there后还可接lie, live, seem to be等。如：There lived an old man in the village long long ago. 很久很久以前，村子里住着一位老人。 (2) here, there, now, then, up, down, away, out等副词位于句首，主语为代词时不到装。如：Away it flew. 它飞走了。 (3) 直接引语的一部分或全部位于句首，主句倒装，主句倒装，但是主语为代词时不倒装。如：“You have to finish it tonight,” she said. “今晚你必须完成它，”她说。 (4) so位于句首不倒装的情况：
① 主语与前句相同，表赞同，译为“确实如此”。如： — Mike studies hard. 迈克学习很刻苦。 — So he does. 确实是。 ② 表示前句内容也适用于另外的人或事，前句如果列举了两种事实以上，用“so it is/was with sb./sth.”回答。如： — Tom is kind and often helps those in trouble. 汤姆很友好，经常帮助处于困境中的人。 — So it is with his father. 他父亲也是。 (5) 使用as/though进行倒装时注意： ①句首有名词，名词不能带任何冠词。如：Child as he is, he can tell right from wrong. 尽管他是个孩子，却能够明辨是非。 ②句首是实义动词时，其他助动词则放在主语之后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语，则宾语和状语随实义动词一起放在主语之前。如： Try hard as he will, he never seems to be able to do the work satisfactorily. 虽然他尽力了，但他的工作总做得不尽如人意。 (6) not until位于句首的倒装结构中，如果是复合句，只有主句用倒装，从句不用。如： Not until he loses his health will he give up smoking. 他直到失去健康才会戒烟。 二、省略句 高考命题导向：省略是一种避免重复，保持简洁的语法手段。缺少一个或一个以上的必要语言成分，但在一定语境中能够独立存在，意义明确，并且能发挥交际功能的句子叫作省略句。高考主要是考查省略在固定结构中的运用。 省略句用法一览表：
高二英语省略句知识精讲
高二英语省略句 【本讲主要内容】 省略句 【知识总结归纳】 1. 简单句中的省略： 在对话中，交谈双方都知道谈论的对象，则可以省略句子的主语，省略主语和谓语的现象在交际用语中出现的很多。 （1）Looks like rain. （2）Hope to hear from you soon. （3）Sounds like a good idea. （4）Beg your pardon. （5）Feeling better today ? （6）This way, please. （7）—What does he want to eat ? —Some rice and vegetables. （8）Anything I can do for you ? （9）Sorry to hear that. （10）Doesn’t matter. （11）Terrible weather! （12）Pity you couldn’t come. 2. 并列句中的省略： 在并列句中，相同的成分如主语，谓语，宾语等都可以省略： （1）They learn French and we English. （2）My father planned and built all these houses. （3）John won the first race and Jimmy the second. （4）Coral is not a plant but a variety of animal life. 3. 复合句中的省略： 定语从句： （1）That’s the reason he is late for the conference. （2）I don’t like the way he talks. 状语从句： （1）If heated, water will boil. （2）Tom was attacked by cramp while swimming across the river. （3）We’ll go to help you if necessary. （4）Had I time, I would come. （5）I’ll go, should it be necessary. （6）The captain can find a boat quicker than we can. 宾语从句：如果宾语从句中的谓语部分与主句的谓语部分或上文的谓语部分相同，可将从句部分的谓语省略。 （1）We will do what we can（do）to help you. （2）—Is Mr. King in his office?
高中英语省略句讲练.
高中英语省略句讲练 为了使话说得简明扼要，英语句子中某个单词、短语甚至从句或主句都可以省去。这种省去句子某些成分而保持句子意思不变的现象，称为省略（ellipsis） 种类例句说明 主语的省略 Beautiful day (= It is a beautiful day, isn’t it? Pity we live so far from the sea. (It is a pity we live so far from the sea. 有时也可省略整个句子的 主语和谓语，只保留次要 成分。 She was poor but (she was honest. --Did you know anything about the accident? --Not until you told me. (= I didn’t know anything about it until you told me. 谓语的省略 --what do you think made Mary so upset?
--Losing her new bicycle (made Mary so upset. 状语从句的省略Seen from the plane (when it is seen from the plane, the house looks like tiny toys. If (it is possible, I’ll go there with you. 注意状语从句中的主语同 主句主语的一致性。 不定式的省略 The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him not to. (not to ride his bicycle in the street. --Alice, why didn’t you come yesterday? --I was going to (come yesterday, but I had an unexpected visitor. 若不定式后面是完成时， 省略时应保留have；不定 式后含有动词be的结构 时，也要保留be动词。 --Did you tell him the news? --I ought to have (told him the news, but I didn’t know how to speak. --Are you an engineer? --No, but I want to be.
详解高中英语中省略句的问题
详解高中英语中省略句的问题 莎士比亚曾经说过：Brevity is the soul of wit. （言以简为贵）。为了使话说得简明扼要，英语句子中某个单词、短语甚至从句或主句都可以省去。这种省去句子某些成分而保持句子意思不变的现象，称为省略（ellipsis）。 一、省略的目的 省略多见于非正式的文体，尤其在对话中，省略是一种十分普遍的现象。英语中的省略一般说来有三个目的： A．避免重复，减少累赘。 省略的主要目的是避免重复，去掉不必要的累赘和繁琐。 Mike said that he would come to school to see me the next day, but he didn't come to school to see me the next day. 迈克说他第二天要来学校看我，但是第二天他并没有来学校看我。 -- Mike said that he would come to school to see me the next day, but he didn't. 迈克说他第二天要来学校看我，但是他并没有来。(省掉最后九个词，句子简洁多了)— What did he want yesterday 他昨天要了什么 —An apple. 一个苹果。（如果回答时说出全文“He wanted an apple yesterday”，便显得别扭，不自然） B．连接紧密，结构紧凑。 省略也是使上下文紧密连接的一种修辞手段。 John was the winner in 1994 and Bob in 1998. 约翰是1994年的获胜者，鲍勃是1998年的获胜者。（Bob后省略了was the winner，句子结构显得比较紧凑） In some places we stopped in tents for the night, in other places in caves. 我们在有些地方住在帐篷里过夜，在有些地方住在山洞里。（in other places 后省略了主语和谓语we stopped for the night，上下文连接更加紧密） 省略： 回答问题要简洁，并列重复需省略。祈使主语常省略，比较than后需省略。宾从表从that勿省略。前后出现同一词，习惯表达需省略。 C．强调重点，突出信息。 省略的另一作用是突出新的信息。 Truth speaks too low, hypocrisy too loud. 真理讲话声太低，虚伪讲话声太高。（后一分句省略谓语speaks，突出了too loud） — Have you told him that 你把那告诉他了吗 — Not yet. 还没有呢。(= I have not told him that yet. 强调not yet ) 二、可省略的成分 省略大致可归纳为功能词的省略和语法结构上的省略两种。在很多情况下，这两种省略存在着交*的关系，即有时既是功能词的省略，同时又是语法结构上的省略。 A．功能词的省略 功能词指的是没有完整意义，但有语法意义的词，如冠词、介词、助动词等。英语句子结构的简洁，首先表现在功能词的省略上。 1．冠词的省略 They elected John (the) monitor of the class. 他们选约翰当班长。
高考英语中的省略
高考中的省略 在英语中，有时为了避免结构上或内容上的重复，并使上下文紧密连接；有时因为语法的客观要求，句子中的一个或几个成分不需要表达出来，这种现象称为省略。英语中的省略要求不破坏语法结构，要保持句子意义的准确无误。省略有词法上的省略，也有句法上的省略，还有一种替代省略。省略部分的成分和含义可从上下文或具体语言环境中找到而且是有章可循的，英语的省略大致有以下几种情况： 一、简单句中的省略 1）感叹句中常省略主语和谓语，如：What a hot day ! How wonderful! 2）在一些口语中可以省略某些句子成分，如：Anything else ? —Are you feeling better now ? —Much better . This way, please. 二、并列句中的省略 1）如果主语不同，而谓语动词中的一部分相同，则省略谓语动词中相同的部分，如：John must have been playing basketball and Mary doing her homework. 2）主语相同，谓语动词也相同，则二者都可以省略，如：His advice made John happy, but Mary angry. 3）主语相同，而谓语不同，则可以省略主语，如：He gave up drinking for several days, but soon returned to his old ways. 4）在并列复合句中，如果that从句从属于第二个并列句且它的谓语动词和宾语等其它一些成分与第一个并列句相同，that从句通常可以省略这些相同的部分，如：Jack will danceat the party, but I know Tom won't . 三、复合句中的省略 I）名词性从句中的省略 （1）作宾语的what从句中的谓语动词与主句的相同，则what从句可以省略谓语，甚至主语，如：Someone has used my bike, but I don't know who . He has gone, but no one knows where. （2）引导宾语从句的连词that在口语中常常省略,或并列的宾语从句中的第一个连词that 也能省略，如: He said he had arrived here two days before and that he had lived in a hotel. （3）在某些表虚拟语气的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中，从句谓语动词中的助动词should可以省略。这些句子一般包含如下动词一及其派生词：一个坚持(insist)，二个命令(order, command)，三建议(suggest, propose, advise )，四要求(demand, require, request, ask) ，如：It's important that we speak to the old politely. Jane's pale face suggested that she was ill and her parents suggested that she have a medical examination. (4) It is necessary(important, impossible, strange, natural, a pity, no wonder) that...主语从句中，如: It is necessary that the problem be solved at once. (5)有时也可以根据说话的情景来省略主句中的一些成分，如：Sorry I've kept you waiting so long.
(完整word版)高中英语语法—省略句
省略句 一、如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且从句的谓语含有be动词的某种形式 （am/is/are/was/were），可同时省略从句的主语和be动词的某种形式。 1、when，while引导的时间状语从句 e.g. Do be careful when (you are) crossing the street. When/While (I was) on my way to work, I met her. 2、if，unless，once引导的条件状语从句 e.g. If (it is) properly treated, waste will do no harm to the environment. I’ll not go to the party unless (I am) invited. Once (you are) caught stealing in a supermarket, you will be punished. 3、though，although，whether，no matter whether/what/how/who等引导 的让步状语从句 e.g. He was happy, though/although (he was) poor.
Whether (she is) sick or well, she is always cheerful. No matter how/However hard the task (is), we must fulfill it in time. （注：从句的主语和主句的主语不一致时，只省略从句中的be动词形式） 4、as if，as though引导的方式状语从句 e.g. He rubbed his eyes and yawned as if/though (he was) waking up after a long sleep. He stood up as if/though (he wanted) to leave.（as if/though + to do表示一个将来的动作） 二、than，as引导的比较状语从句中的省略用法：当不同的主语进行比较时， 一般省略从句中的谓语；当从句中的主语与谓语（be动词除外）和主句中的主语与谓语相同时，通常省略从句中的主语和谓语，只保留比较部分。 e.g. He is taller than his brother (is). I have as much as confidence in you as (I have confidence) in him. 三、以if从句为代表的状语从句中的特殊省略用法：通常省略了it is，that is， there is/are。 e.g. If (it is) possible/necessary, this old temple will be rebuilt. If (that is) so, I will call you back at 5:00 pm. There are only a few books in our school library, if (there are) any. Ⅱ、定语从句中的省略用法 关系词的省略关系代词that，which，whom等在限制性定语从句中充当宾语且不位于介词之后时，可以省略；in which或that在先行词way后作方式状语从句时可省略。 e.g. The man (that/who/whom) you visited last night is my grandpa. I don’t like the way (in which/that) you treat the girl. Ⅲ、虚拟语气中if及should的省略 1、当条件状语从句中有were，had，should等时省略if，把它们提至句首，形 成倒装句。 e.g. If I were a teacher, I would be strict with my students. = Were I a teacher, I would be strict with my students. 2、Suggest，insist，order，require等表示建议、要求、命令的动词后接的名词 性从句中，谓语动词常用“should+动词原形”，should可以省略。 e.g. The doctor suggested that he (should) try to lose weight. Ⅳ、不定式符号to的省略 1、感官动词see，hear，feel，watch等和使役动词have，make，let等后接不 定式作宾语时，不定式省略to。 2、do nothing but，can’t help but等结构常接省略to的不定式。 e.g. We didn’t do anything but stay at home watching TV yesterday. Hearing the news, she couldn’t help but cry. 3、在特定语境中为了避免重复，当不定式再次出现时，在want，wish，hope，
高中英语省略句讲解
高中英语语法：省略句的类型和用法来源：天星更新日期：2013-11-04 点击：5879 在英语语言中，为了使语言简洁明了，重点突出或上下文紧密相连，可以省去某些句子成分而保持句子原意不变，这种语言现象称之为省略。现就英语中的种种省略现象分析如下： 一、并列复合句中的省略 在并列句中后边的分句可以省略与前边分句中相同的成分。如： a) The boy picked up a coin in the road and (the boy ) handed it to a policeman. 这个男孩在马路上拾起一枚硬币并把他交给了警察。 b) Your advice made me happy but(your advice made) Tom angry .你的建议使我高兴但使汤姆生气。 c) Tom must have been playing basketball and Mary (must have been)doing her homework. 汤姆肯定一直在打篮球，玛丽一直在写作业。 d) Gao Xiumin was born in 1959 and Fu Biao (was born) in 1963.高秀敏出生于1959年，傅彪出生于1963年。 二、主从复合句中的省略 1.状语从句中的省略 一般说来省略现象多出现在下列五种状语从句中：1)由 when ,while ,as ,before, after , till, until, once等引导的时间状语从句;2)由whether ,if , unless 等引导的条件状语从句;3)由though , although ,even if ,whatever等引导的让步状语从句;4)由 as ,than 等引导的比较状语从句;5)由as, as if , as though 等引导的方式状语从句。上述状语从句在省略时应遵循下面原则： 1) 当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，可以省略状语从句的主语和系动词be，这时从句中可出现如下结构：(1) 连词(as, as if , once)+ 名词; (2) 连词( though, whether , when)+形容词;(3) 连词(whether, as if ,while )+介词短语;(4) 连词(when , while , though )+ 现在分词; (5) 连词(when ,if ,even if ,unless ,once ,until, than , as ) + 过去分词; (6) 连词(as if ,as though ) + 不定式。如：
高中英语语法 倒装句
倒装句 英语句子的主语通常位于谓语动词之前，这种语序被称为正常语序。但有时出于强调或某种特殊的语法结构的需要，需要将谓语动词放在主语之前，这种语序则叫倒装语序。按倒装的形式，倒装可分为两类，一是完全倒装，二是部分倒装。完全倒装是指全部谓语放在主语之前，部分倒装是指只把助动词、情态动词或be动词放在主语之前，谓语的主体部分仍在主语之后。 一、完全倒装 1. 用于 there be 句型。 例：There are many students in the classroom. 原句自然顺序是：Many students are there in the classroom. ★2. 表示地点的here和there位于句首时，其后用完全倒装形式。这类倒装句的谓语通常是动词be和come, go等表示移动或动态的不及物动词，以及stand, lie, live等表示状态的动词(表示存在)。 例：Here comes the bus. 公共汽车来了。 There goes the last train. 最后一班火车开走了。 There stood a desk against the wall. 靠墙放着一张书桌。 注意：若主语为人称代词，则不倒装。如： Here you are. 这就是你要的东西。（给你。） Here it comes. 它来了。 ★3. 表示方向的副词away, down, in, off, out, over, round, up等位于句首时，其后用完全倒装语序。这类倒装句的谓语通常表示动态的不及物动词。 Out rushed the puppy. 小狗冲了出去。 Away went the girl. 那个女孩走远了。 Down came the rain and up went the umbrellas.下雨了，伞都撑起来了。 注：若主语为人称代词，则不能用倒装。如： In he comes. 他走了进来。 Down it came.它掉了下来。 ★4. 表示时间或顺序的副词now, then 等位于句首时，其后用完全倒装语序。这类倒装句的谓语通常表示动态的不及物动词。如： Now comes your turn. 现在轮到你了。 Then came a new difficulty. 这时又产生了一个新的困难。 ★5. 当句首状语是表示地点的介词词组时，也常引起全部倒装。 South of the city lies the factory. 工厂位于城市南部。
高中英语省略句及练习
高中英语省略句 莎士比亚曾经说过：Brevity is the soul of wit. （言以简为贵）。为了使话说得简明扼要，英语句子中某个单词、短语甚至从句或主句都可以省去。这种省去句子某些成分而保持句子意思不变的现象，称为省略（ellipsis）。 一、省略的目的 省略多见于非正式的文体，尤其在对话中，省略是一种十分普遍的现象。英语中的省略一般说来有三个目的： A．避免重复，减少累赘。 省略的主要目的是避免重复，去掉不必要的累赘和繁琐。 Mike said that he would come to school to see me the next day, but he didn't come to school to see me the next day. 迈克说他第二天要来学校看我，但是第二天他并没有来学校看我。 -- Mike said that he would come to school to see me the next day, but he didn't. 迈克说他第二天要来学校看我，但是他并没有来。(省掉最后九个词，句子简洁多了) — What did he want yesterday 他昨天要了什么？ — An apple. 一个苹果。（如果回答时说出全文“He wanted an apple yesterday”，便显得别扭，不自然） B．连接紧密，结构紧凑。 省略也是使上下文紧密连接的一种修辞手段。 John was the winner in 1994 and Bob in 1998. 约翰是1994年的获胜者，鲍勃是1998年的获胜者。（Bob后省略了was the winner，句子结构显得比较紧凑） In some places we stopped in tents for the night, in other places in caves. 我们在有些地方住在 帐篷里过夜，在有些地方住在山洞里。（in other places 后省略了主语和谓语we stopped for the night，上下文连接更加紧密） 省略： 回答问题要简洁，并列重复需省略。祈使主语常省略，比较than后需省略。宾从表从that 勿省略。前后出现同一词，习惯表达需省略。 C．强调重点，突出信息。 省略的另一作用是突出新的信息。 Truth speaks too low, hypocrisy too loud. 真理讲话声太低，虚伪讲话声太高。（后一分句省略谓语speaks，突出了too loud） — Have you told him that 你把那告诉他了吗？ — Not yet. 还没有呢。(= I have not told him that yet. 强调not yet ) 二、可省略的成分 省略大致可归纳为功能词的省略和语法结构上的省略两种。在很多情况下，这两种省略存在着交*的关系，即有时既是功能词的省略，同时又是语法结构上的省略。 A．功能词的省略
(完整word版)高中英语-省略句
省略句 1.省略句的定义 省略是为了避免重复、突出新信息并使上下文紧密连接的一种语法修辞手段。省略在语言中，尤其在对话中，是一种十分普遍的现象。 2.词的省略 （1）省略介词 He spent four hours (in) going over his lessons. 他花了四个小时复习功课。 I’ve studied Eng1ish (for) five years.我已学五年英语了。 （2）省略连词that I believe (that) you will succeed．我相信你们会成功的。 It’s a pity (that) he’s leaving. 他要走，真遗憾。 I’m sure (that) she will help you. 我肯定她会帮你的。 （3）省略关系代词 I’ll give you all (that) I have. 我要把我所有的一切都给你。 He read the book (which) I got yesterday. 他看过我昨天买的书了。 3.句子成分的省略 （1）省略主语 Beg your pardon. （我）请你原谅。（Beg前省略了主语I） Take care! 当心！（Take前省略了主语you） Looks as if it will rain. 看起来象要下雨。（Looks前省略了主语it） （2）省略谓语 Who next? 该谁了？（Who后面省略了谓语comes） The river was deep and the ice thin. （ice后面省略了was） We’ll do the best we can. 我们将尽力而为。（can后面省略了动词do） （3）省略表语 Are you ready? Yes, I am. 你准备好了吗？我准备好了。（am后面省略了ready） He was a lover of sports as he had been in his youth. 他还是象年轻时那样，是一位运动爱好者。（had been后面省略了a lover of sports） （4）省略宾语 Let’s do the dishes. I’ll wash and you’ll dry. 让我们洗碗吧，我来洗，你来揩干。（wash和dry 后面省略了宾语dishes） （5）省略定语 He spent part of the money, and the rest he saved. 那钱他花了部分，其余的他都存了起来。（the rest后面省略了定语of the money） （6）省略状语 He was not hurt. Strange! 他没有受伤，真奇怪！（Strange前面省略了状语how） 4. 从句的省略 ?名词性从句
高中英语语法倒装句讲解及练习(附答案)
高中英语倒装句 倒装句分为全部倒装和部分倒装 1全部倒装全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有： 1）here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run等表示来去或状态的动词。例如：Then came the chairman. 那时总裁来了。Here is your letter. 你的信。 2). up，down，out，away，in , off, ahead放于句首Up jumped the cat and caught the mouse. Ahead sat an old woman. 3）表示地点，时间，方向等的介词短语放在句首时例如：After the head walked a group of workers. 4.“作表语的现在分词/过去分词/形容词+系动词+主语”形式的完全倒装 Seated in the front were the guests. 注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。例如： Here he comes. 他来了。Away they went. 他们走开了。 2部分倒装 部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句子的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。 1. 句首为否定或半否定的词语，如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, rarely, scarely, in no way, under no circumstance, at no time决不, not until…等。例如： Never have I seen such a performance. 从未见过如此糟糕的表演。 Nowhere will you find the answer to this question. 无论如何你不会找到这个问题的答案的。 Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. 母亲一直到孩子入睡后离开房间。 当Not until引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。注意：如否定词不在句首不倒装。例如：The mother didn\'t leave the room until the child fell asleep. 典型例题 1）---Why can\'t I smoke here? ----At no time___ in the meeting-room A. is smoking permitted B.smoking is permitted C. smoking is it permitted D.does smoking permit 2）Not until the early years of the 19th century ___ what heat is. A. man did know B. man know C. didn\'t man know D. did man know 2.Not only…but also前面倒装，后面不倒装 Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender. 他没有收下礼物，还狠狠批评了送礼的人。3．Hardly/Scarcely…when, No sooner…than等，要倒装。 Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her. No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her. 典型例题No sooner___ than it began to rain heavily. A. the game began B.has the game begun C. did the game begin D.had the game begun 4 so, neither, nor作部分倒装 so/neither/nor+be/can(should/will/could…..)/do(did/does)+sb表示\"也\"、\"也不\" 的句子要部分倒装。例如： 典型例题---Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother? ---I don\'t know, _____. A. nor don\'t I care B. nor do I care C. I don\'t care neither D. I don\'t care also 注意：当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时，不可用倒装结构。意为\"的确如此\"。例如： Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did. ---It\'s raining hard.---So it is. 5 only在句首后接状语用总分倒装。例如： Only in this way can you learn English well. 只有这样，你才能学好英语。 如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装。例如： Only when he is seriously ill does he ever stay in bed. 病得狠重时，他才卧床休息。