“英语退出高考”是高考改革的集体不理性-4页精选文档

“英语退出高考”是高考改革的集体不理性-4页精选文档
“英语退出高考”是高考改革的集体不理性-4页精选文档

“英语退出高考”是高考改革集体不理性

近日,有关“中国教育学会原会长顾明远称高考改革方案 2019年实施,英语将退出统考”报道成为关注热点。对此,教育部新闻发言人续梅回应称,目前教育部仍在紧锣密鼓地研究、制定与完善考试招生制度改革方案。顾明远本人亦称相关言论“被媒体误读”。

这已经不是媒体第一次对“英语退出高考”进行“误读”了,此前对于上海高考改革设想,也有媒体把“高考不放在统一时间段考试”称为“英语退出高考”。有舆论认为,这种一再误读,传递出社会对高考改革期待,但在笔者看来,这种误读一再发生,暴露出我国高考改革中各方力量集体不理性。

首先,是媒体以娱乐化心态炒作高考改革,以吸引眼球。

其实,这篇报道中,明确写道顾明远说,“在新高考方案里,英语不叫退出高考,而是改成社会考试。也就是说,英语不再与以前一样,集中在6月7、8、9日统一考试,而是由社会机构组织考试,学生高中三年可以考多次,成绩与大学英语四、六级一样分等级,全国都如此”。也就是说,顾老会长说得很清楚,英语不退出高考。可是,不少门户网站在转载时,都标出“英语退出高考”。有意思是,网友议论也多针对“英语退出高考”,而不去看正文报道。

退一步说,就是顾老会长说“英语退出高考”,稍微动脑筋剖析一下高考改革方案,就会发现,英语根本就没有退出,只不过是考试时间进行调整,以及计分方式有变化,负责任媒体会以质疑态度,剖析真相。但部分媒体不但没有去剖析真相,反而扭曲新闻当事人话,这是极其不负责任。

对于目前高考改革方案,媒体只要稍微具有一点专业态度,就不可能发生“误读”。英语只是不放在统一时间考,怎么就变成了退出高考?英语在录取时不计总分,只计等级,怎么就减轻了学生负担――按照目前高考录取制度,如果各校提出英语等级要求,这只会把高考录取门槛从以前一个分数门槛,变为所考科目总分门槛与英语等级门槛,这是增加学生负担还是减轻负担?就是社会化考试,也不能听专家或政府部门这么一说,就相信这是社会化考试。社会化考试,顾名思义,是要摆脱行政主导,应该由社会中介组织或大学自主认可、学生自由报考,如果英语考试还是由教育考试院组织,要求所有学校必须以这一考试成绩作为录取依据,所有学生必须考试,这怎么是社会化考试?

媒体应该在教育改革中扮演积极推动作用,而不是把教育改革娱乐化,把改革作为炒作话题,这不但传递错误改革信息,也会增加社会对改革焦虑。与“英语退出高考”类似,过去多年来,一谈到高校自主招生改革,就有媒体大谈“取消高考”,但高校自主招生改革,根本不会取消统一高考,而只是将高考功能从目前选拔转为评价,作为学生申请、学校录取评价依据之一。

其次,公众把对高考改革期待,转变为对高考改革情绪发泄。

高考拿英语开刀,是有比较雄厚“群众基础”。近年来学生被要求一刀切学英语,英语教学严重应试化,遭遇国人不满,教育部门拿英语开刀,迎合了这种需求。可是,英语教学问题,不

同样存在于语文、数学等科目教学中吗?我国教育考试制度、评价体系,不是对所有学生都提出同样要求吗?而在教招考一体化模式中,所有学科教学不都存在应试化倾向吗?

高考改革不是让英语退出那么简单,我国高考改革核心问题,从来不是高考科目问题,而是录取制度问题――按计划集中录取制度,导致教招考一体化,所有学科基础教育都严重应试化,存在于英语教学中问题,在语文、数学等科目中依旧存在。调整科目而不改革录取制度,是换汤不换药。那种以为减少英语分值,增加语文分值,就能改变语文被削弱、英语被异化问题想法,是极为幼稚,过去10多年来,高考改革在科目上做了不少文章,可起到了怎样效果?

就算英语彻底退出高考,能解决当前我国应试教育问题吗?就能让语文教育得到更深程度重视吗?说实在,只要录取制度不变,哪怕高考就考语文一门,也不可能提高学生语文素养,反倒可能出现结果是语文应试教育更加严重。此次社会舆论广泛关注英语高考改革,实质还是科目改革,其所能起到效果,不会超出以往科目改革,但国人却像打了鸡血一样兴奋,不得不说,这是十分盲目情绪,如此改革下去,只会是一地鸡毛。

再次,政府不放权打破集中录取制度,高考改革只能在目前录取制度框架内折腾。

我国在制订《国家中长期教育改革与发展规划纲要(2019―2020年)》(以下简称《规划纲要》)时,曾对高考制度问题进行广泛讨论,当初曾达成基本共识,即高考制度关键在打破集中录取制度,推进考试、招生分离。2019年正式颁布国家教育《规划纲要》,明确提出要推进考生招生相对分离,剖析政府宏观管理,专业机构组织实施,学校依法自主招生,学生多次选择考试招生新体系。可是,《规划纲要》颁布至今,考试招生相对分离改革剖析并未实质启动。直到去年11月,中共十八届三中全会审议通过了《中共中央关于全面深化改革若干重大问题决定》,再次重申了考试、招生相对分离高考改革思路。

但对于推进考试、招生分离,社会舆论似乎并不抱信心,于是对于高考改革认识,又回到了学科改革思路上。而学科改革,已被过去10多年来各地高考改革实践所否认――我国高考改革,一直在科目调整上做文章,从7门调整到6门,再到“3+X”“3+1”“3+2”等,但科目改革并没有带来学生学业负担减轻,以及应试教育格局转变,反而是学生负担越来越重。

为何曾经达成改革共识会变调?根本原因在于,推进考试、招生分离,打破集中录取制度,从本质上说,是要求政府部门放权――将考试评价权交给社会机构,将招生自主权交给大学,将选择权交给学生,但改革却由政府部门主导,这使得放权改革遭遇权力机关不愿意放权悖论。也有不少舆论认为,当前集中录取制度,是最不坏制度,如果推进考试、招生分离,实行高校自主招生,会出现更多不公平,人民大学去年出现招生丑闻,就是一例。可问题是,人民大学(以及其他学校)自主招生,根本就不是自主招生,是与集中录取制度“嫁接”自主招生,考生选择权没有丝毫增加(获得资格学生必须参加高考,一个学生只能获得一所大学录取通知书)。更需要大家理性思考是,一个招生制度,是在受教育者拥有选择权时,权力会被监督,腐败会得到遏制,还是在受教育者没有选择权时,权力会被监督、限制,腐败会得到遏制?目前高考招生中腐败、潜规则,是受教育者拥有选择权(进而拥有监督权、评价权)情况下产生吗?如果学生没有选择考试、学校权利,谁会尊重学生权利?

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