《影响价格的因素》教案(人教版必修1)

《影响价格的因素》教案(人教版必修1)
《影响价格的因素》教案(人教版必修1)

影响价格的因素

教学目标

知识方面:识记:影响接个的直接和间接因素;价格的决定因素,社会必要劳动时间的含义;价值规律的基本内容

理解:供给变动及需求变动对价格变动的影响;商品价格与价值的关系;商品生产者为什么要缩短个别劳动时间、提高劳动生产率;价值规律的表现形式

分析:针对生活中某种商品的价格变动,解释导致价格变动的原因;在现实生活中,寻找处于买方市场或卖方市场的商品、服务,并解释是哪些原因导致该市场供过于求或供不应求。

能力方面:懂得价格的不断变动是一种正常的经济现象,是市场发挥资源配置作用的表现。

知道价格的变动不是任意的,是围绕价值变动的,市场交易的本质和核心是等价交换。

情感、态度与价值观方面:培养学生积极参与日常经济生活的自主性和独立精神,尊重他人劳动、平等待人的精神。

教学重点:理解供求、价值、价格之间的关系,价值规律。

教学难点:劳动生产率与价值量的关系。

教学方法:举例法、练习法、层层分析法、讨论法

教学过程

情境导入

有一样东西,大家很熟悉,慢慢掏出个手机(引起大家的注意)

老师分享:之前老师在读书的时候,班上只由几个人,有手机,现在大家当中可能只是几个人没有手机,这是为什么呢?

提出问题:为什么现在大家都能拥有手机了呢,每个人的手机价格一样吗?又是什么原因造成各款手机价格不一样呢?

学生活动:通过阅读教材,回答答案

一、供求影响价格

1、间接影响因素:

气候、时间、地域、生产、文化、生活习俗、促销手段等,都可以引起价格变动。

教师引导分析:这些因素的变化,往往会引起某种商品供应量或者需求量的变化,也就是改变供求关系,从而引起商品价格变化。

2、直接影响因素:间接因素对价格变动的影响实际上是通过改变商品的供给或需求来实现

3、供求关系是怎样引起价格变化的呢?

(1)、商品供不应求,买者争相抢购,价格上涨,“物以稀为贵”,形成卖方市场

教师活动:引导学生阅读教材,了解卖方市场含义。

(2)、商品供过于求,卖者争相出售,价格下降,“货多不值钱”,形成买方市场

教师活动:引导学生阅读教材,了解买方市场含义。

教学过渡:供求变化会引起价格变动,但是,价格的涨落不是无限的,

请看教材13页的例子。为什么会出现这一结论?

二、价值决定价格

1、价格由价值决定

教师活动:指导学生思考,什么是商品的价格?

学生活动:

教师活动:第一课讲到,价格是用货币表现出来的商品的价值。既然是价值得表现形式,它的多少就应该取决于商品的价值大小。所以说价格高低从根本上说是价值决定的,价值大则价格高,反之则低。具体的说,价格与价值的关系如何?

学生回忆回答:

在货币产生以后,商品的价值是通过货币表现出来的,这种用货币表现出来的商品价值就是商品价格。价值是价格的基础,价格是价值的货币表现形式,价格与商品的价值大小成正比关系。

因此,我们说,价值决定价格,价格受供求关系影响

过度:既然商品的价格最终是由价值决定的,那么商品的价值又是由什么决定的呢?商品是劳动产品,商品的价值是由劳动形成的,劳动是价值的唯一源泉,商品价值量也就自然的由生产商品所耗费的劳动量来决定的,而衡量劳动量的天然尺度就是劳动时间。劳动时间大,商品价值大,劳动时间小,商品价值下,

指导学生阅读课本P15页专家点评,提出问题让学生思考。同一商品有多个生产者,价值大小由谁的劳动时间决定?

学生活动:

2、社会必要劳动时间决定商品的价值量

(1)为什么个别劳动时间不能决定商品的价值量?

(2)社会必要劳动时间决定商品的价值量

社会必要劳动时间与商品的价值量成正比的关系

(3)什么是社会必要劳动时间?

含义:社会必要劳动时间,是指在现有的社会正常的生产条件下,社会平均的劳动熟练程度和劳动强度下,制造某种商品所需要的劳动时间。

特点:这里要注意,社会必要劳动时间不是具体计算出来的,只是在社会经济生活中自发形成

明确了社会必要劳动时间的存在,那么,不论生产者的个别劳动时间多长多短,商品只能按社会必要劳动时间决定的价值量来统一定价出售。那么社会必要劳动时间的存在对商品生产者和全社会的发展来讲有什么意义呢?

(4)社会必要劳动时间对生产者意义重大

个别劳动时间低于或高于社会必要劳动时间时,对生产者会有什么影响?

作为商品生产者,你会怎样应对?当大家都这样想这样做时,会出现什么情况?

4、商品的价值量与社会必要劳动时间、劳动生产率的关系

(1)劳动生产率?

含义:

表示方法:

分类:

(2)关系:

使用

价值量个别

劳动时间社会必要劳动时间价值量价值总量

个别劳动生产率提高

降低

社会劳动生产率提高

降低

例题1、辨析题:劳动生产率的提高意味着一定时间内创造的价值量增多。

分析:本题要求说清楚劳动生产率有社会劳动生产率与个别劳动生产率之分,然后分不同的情况来说明劳动生产率与商品价值量的关系。相关的变式题:

商品的价值量与个别劳动生产率的变化无关。因此,商品生产者就无须改进技术,提高劳动生产率。

5、价值规律及其表现形式

供求关系变化引起价格变化,但价格高低从根本上说是价值决定的。因此,市场上商品的价格是以价值为基础,并根据供求状况来确定的,这就叫做市场形成价格。

(1)商品交换遵循等价交换原则

教师活动:大家知道一个基本的公理:商品交换要求价值量对等,否则,交换就不会成功。货币产生后,交换就以价格相等形式进行。只要商品的价格与其价值是相符的,一切交换必定是等价的,但是,市场上商品的价格在供求关系影响下是经常变化的,这是否违反等价交换原则呢?学生活动:思考讨论,发表见解。

教师点评:由于供求关系与价格是互相影响的,商品价格总是以价值为中心上下波动,不会脱离价值无限上涨或下降。从某一次交换来看,价格与价值可能是不符的,但从较长时间来看,商品的平均价格与价值是相符的。因此,等价交换作为一种原则、一种趋势和要求,始终被交换双方所遵循。

第一、是商品经济的一个重要原则

第二、等价交换在货币出现后,表现价格与价值与价值相符合

第三、它是对交换的一种要求,是从交换的总趋势上来说的。

它只存在于交换的平均数中,而不是指每一次交换都是价格与价值相符合的。

交换过程中存在大量不等价交换,但是这是表面现象。等价交换就是是通过价格围绕价值上下波动来实现的。

第四、不以特殊现象来否定等价交换原则(例如文物等等)

(2)价值规律

存在条件:

价值规律是商品经济的基本规律(是商品生产和商品交换的客观规

律,这也是它存在和发生作用的条件)

是客观存在(是不以人的意志为转移的,是不可抗拒的,一旦违背要受惩罚)

(3)必须正确认识和利用价值规律,按规律办事

价值规律的基本内容:

商品的价值量是由生产商品的社会必要劳动时间决定的;商品交换要以价值量为基础,实行等价交换

教师总结:通过这一节的学习我们明白了一个道理:商品的价值量由生产商品的社会必要劳动时间决定,商品交换以价值量为基础实行等价交换。这一经济原则就叫做价值规律。

价值规律的表现形式:

受供求关系影响,商品价格围绕价值上下波动,是价值规律要求发生作用的具体表现。

课后思考:我国的国产手机,应如何更好地发展?(可以从华为公司发展手机业务来思考或营销模式的小米手机)

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完整word版,人教版高中英语必修一unit1教案最终版

Teaching Plan Unit1 Friendship 教材人教版高中英语必修一 试讲者李瑶单位新疆师范大学 适用年级高中一年级单元第一单元 课题Anne’s Best Friend 课时共五课时,第二课时 ( Reading) 一.教材分析 Analysis of the Teaching Materials This unit is the first unit of the senior English studying which talks about friendship.As for the students, at the beginning of senior school life, making new friends is one of important things for them now,so the topic of this unit is appropriate at the present time. It can easily stimulate students’interests in English learning and help students think how to choose friends and the meaning of the friendship. The reading passage is the center of the unit. It mainly talks about the Anna , a Jewish girl , during the world war II, regarded the diary as her best friend to express her happiness, sorrow and missing to her hometown. 二.学情分析 Analysis of the Students As the students, grade1of senior high school,they have the basic abilities of listening,speaking,reading and writing,but they still need more chances to practice what they have learnt and improve their ability of communicating with others and expressing their ideas fluently and accurately. Meanwhile,it is also necessary to develop their autonomous learning ability and cooperative learning ability, as well cultivate the awareness of cultural differences. 三. 教学目标 Teaching Aims 1.Knowledge Objectives 1.Get students to know the main content of this article. 2.Learn about the formats of a diary. 2.Ability Objectives 1.Develop their reading ability and learn to use some reading strategies such as guessing, key sentences, skimming and so on. 2.Summarize different paragraphs. 3.Emotion Objectives

人教英语必修一第一单元Unit 1 Friendship定语从句学案(无答案)

Attributive Clause 课型:语法课课时:第一课时 【Curriculum demands】 1.Learn basic information about attributive clause 2.Master the usage of relative pronouns and relative adverbs 【Demands in the exam】 1.Study the differences between relative pronouns and relative adverbs 2.Try to analyze sentences and choose correct relative words 【Learning aims】 1.Foster the ability to analyze long sentences 2.Try to write sentences with attributive clauses 自学 内容 Review the basic information about attributive clause 要求 1.Refer to the notes or grammar books to find the basic concepts 2.Master the attributive clauses introduced by that/which/whom/who/whose 相关概念 主句、从句、关系词 例句:This is the boy who won the first prize in the English Speech Competition. 主句:在含有定语从句的复合句中,除去定语从句后的部分,是句子的主句。(This is the boy.是主句。) 定语从句:相当于形容词,修饰主句中的一个名词或代词(有时修饰整个主句,相当于主句的一个定语。)(例句中,who won the first prize in the English Speech Competition是定语从句,修饰the boy。) 先行词:先行词就是被定语从句修饰的名词等,它总是出现在定语从句的前面。(the boy是先行词。) 关系词:关系词指用来引导定语从句的词,分为关系代词和关系副词。(who是关系代词。) 关系词的三个作用 作定语从句的一个句子成分。起着连接主句和从句的作用。代指被修饰的先行词。(例句中who作定语从句的主语,同时起着连接作用,在意思上,指代的是前面的先行词the boy。) 关系代词 指人时可以用who, 也可用that。 Do you know the boy who/that is my desk mate? 指物时可以用which, 也可用that。 I like visiting places which/that are not far away. whose可以指人也可以指物。 He was a painter whose pictures were not well- known in his life time. 关系代词作宾语时可以省略。 I like the meal that/which / ( ) we had last night. 注:()表示关系代词省略 关系副词 关系副词在从句中只能作状语。when 指时间,where指地点,why指原因,how不能作关系词。如: We will put off the picnic until next week when the weather may be better. He has reached the point where a change is needed. That is no reason why you should leave. 基础过关 1. 用合适的关系词完成句子。 The man ______ /______ was here yesterday is a painter. The man ______ /______ /______ /______ I saw is called Smith. A child ______ parents are dead is called an orphan. I’d like a room ______ window looks out over the sea. 问题中心以学为本先学后教合作展评

必修五Unit1-教案

Unit 1 Great Scientists Knowledge Aims: 1. To learn some words and expressions related to the description of the great scientists, and the personal traits of making a great scientist. 2. To make sure the students have a full understanding of the text by reading and translating. Read many times for memorizing some key sentences. 3. To guide the students to have a discussion about the characters in the text. Ability Aims: 1. To cultivate the students’ reading ability and deepen their understanding how to describe a great person and his/her personal achievement and contribution to the humankind. 2. To cultivate the students’ oral English skills and related knowledge about description of a great person’s deeds. Teaching important points: 1. To make the students have a full understanding of the text. 2. To let Ss have good command of grammar points by analyzing the key sentences. Teaching difficult points: 1. To improve the students’ reading ability and their grammatical analysis ability. 2. To enable the students to voice their opinions freely. Teaching materials: 1. Multi-media Teaching Assistant. 2. Some related pictures. Teaching aids: 1. Multi-media facilities. Teaching methods: 1. Asking-and-answering method. 2. Discussing method. 3. Elicitation method. Teaching procedures Teaching aims and demands:

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人教版高中英语必修一Unit1教案

Unit 1 Friendship ? Warming up 1.be good to be good for=do good to be good at 2.following adj. 下面的,下列的 ) the following+n.=the+n.+below ( 形容词修饰名词放在名词之前,介词或者介词短语修饰名词置于其后 ) 3.add v. add...to... add to add up add up to : addition n.in addition=besides +句子 in addition to +n./doing 同类用法联想: because & because of instead & instead of additional adj. 附加的 additionally adv.“而且,其次” “附加给 ..., 除了 ...还有...” 4.分数 score grade point mark (full marks) 5.until 6.with 和...一起,附带着, 用 without 不... within在...内,不出 ... . write with a pen eat with hands/ spoon/chopsticks/knife and fork He left without saying goodbye.

He left with the water running. 分析: saying 前无名词,则是主语发出 saying 的动作; running 前有 water,因此是 water 发出 running 的动作,而不是句子的主语 he。

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人教版高中英语必修一Unit1friendship阅读课教案

Lesson Plan 学科英语赖菲菲2015120101 Background information: Students:40 senior high school students, Grade 1. Lesson duration:45mins Teaching objectives: Knowledge objective: By the end of this lesson, students will be able to use some important words and phrases in the passage, for example, hide, outdoors, go through, on purpose, a series of and so on. Ability objective: By the end of this lesson, students will 1.learn some reading strategies about narration, such as paying attention to time, places and characters, finding out specific information, retelling and the like. 2.learn about the formats of a diary or a letter. Emotion objective: To get the students to realize the importance of friends and friendship. Teaching contents:Unit 1 Reading: Anne’s best friend Teaching aids:PPT, blackboard, chalk Type of the lesson:reading Teaching procedures: Step1: Pre-reading(8mins) 1. Warming-up(1min) Enjoy a piece of music and find out its theme. 2.Divide students into 3 groups and ask them to discuss two questions. Afterwards, choose representatives to show their answers.(3mins) ⑴Do you think friends are important to us? Why do you think so? ⑵Does a friend always have to be a person? What else can be our friend? 3. Go through the text quickly to find out:(1min) ⑴how many parts it contains? ⑵what the different parts are about?

人教课标版高中英语必修五 Unit1 Using language 精品教案-新版

Unit1 Using language 教案 Step I Pre-reading 1.Talk about the center of the solar system. “Do you know what is the center of the solar system?” Ask the students to look at the pictures on pages 7. And remind them of the common knowledge of “Su n-Centered Theo ry”. 2.Talk about Copernicus . We know the first scientist is Copernicus. He was one of the first scientists to use mathematical observations to collect information. He believed the sun is the center of the universe and the earth and other planets went around it. Step II Reading 1. Read through the passage, and tell whether the following statements are true or false. (1) At Copernicus’ time, Christian Church was in charge of many western countries. (T) (2) Copernicus noticed that observed from the earth, some planets appear in front of or behind the earth. (F) (3) Copernicus didn’t show his new theory to his friends until he completed it. (T) (4) His friends were not interested in his ideas. (F) (5) Since he was not afraid of being attacked by the Church, Copernicus published his book as soon as he finished working on it. (F) (6) Newton, Einstein, and Hawking are all scientists who made contribution to the study of the universe. (T) 2. Read careful ly and try to draw the two theories of the universe. This time the students are encouraged to read the passage carefully and then do the exercises and problems on pages 7. Encourage the students to fulfill them quickly and correctly. And check the answers together.

人教版高中英语必修一unit1AnnesBestFriendreading教案.doc

人教版高中英语必修一unit1 Anne “s Best Friend reading 教 案 Teaching Contents: The lesson is a passage about Anne“s Bes Friend Teaching Objectives: Knowledge Objectives: (1)Students are able to find out the main idea and the details of the passage.(2) Students can learn some background about Would War ll Ability Objective: (1) By reading the passage, students“ reading ability of skimming and scanni can beimproved. Emotional Objective: (1)After the class, students can cherish peace. Teaching Key and Difficult Points: (1)Teaching key point: Students can find the main about the passage and list somedetails. (1)Teaching difficult point: Students can train their reading skill and they can use thistopic in their daily life. Step1: Pre-reading (1)The teacher will give a VCR about the tragic life of the Jews during Would War ll(Justification: VCR can give Students a more intuitive feeling. Though watching VCR,they can know what they will learn in this class and their curiosity will be stimulated.)Step2: While-reading (1) Skimming The teacher will ask Students to read the whole passage quickly to get the main idea,then ask someone to share it with the whole class.

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