英语真题阅读理解试题及名师解析(22)
英语真题阅读理解试题及名师解析（22）
Americans today don’t place a very high value on intellect. Our heroes are athletes, entertainers, and entrepreneurs, not scholars. Even our schools are where we send our children to get a practical education—not to pursue knowledge for the sake of knowledge. Symptoms of pervasive anti-intellectualism in our schools aren’t difficult to find.
“Schools have always been in a society where practical is more important than intellectual,”says education writer Diane Ravitch. “Schools could be a counterbalance.”Rav itch’s latest bock, Left Back:A Century of Failed School Reforms, traces the roots of anti-intellectualism in our schools, concluding they are anything but a counterbalance to the American distaste for intellectual pursuits.
But they could and should be. Encouraging kids to reject the life of the mind leaves them vulnerable to exploitation and control. Without the ability to think critically, to defend their ideas and understand the ideas of others, they cannot fully participate in our democracy. Continuing along this path, says writer Earl Shorris,“We will become a second-rate country. We will have a less civil society.”
“Intellect is resented as a form of power or privilege,”writes historian and professor Richard Hofstadter in Anti-Intellectualism in American Life, a Pulitzer Prize winning book on the roots of anti-intellectualism in US politics, religion, and education. From the beginning of our history, says Hofstadter, our democratic and populist urges have driven us to reject anything that smells of elitism. Practicality, common sense, and native intelligence have been considered more noble qualities than anything you could learn from a book.
Ralph Waldo Emerson and other Transcendentalist philosophers thought schooling and rigorous book learning put unnatural restraints on children: “We are shut up in schools and college recitation rooms for 10 or 15 years and come out at last with a bellyful of words and do not know a thing.”Mark Twain’s Huckleberry Finn exemplified American anti-intellectualism. Its hero avoids being civilized—going to school and learning to read—so he can preserve his innate goodness.
Intellect, according to Hofstadter, is different from native intelligence, a quality we reluctantly admire. Intellect is the critical, creative, and contemplative side of the mind. Intelligence seeks to grasp, manipulate, re-order, and adjust, while intellect examines, ponders, wonders, theorizes, criticizes and imagines.
School remains a place where intellect is mistrusted. Hofstad ter says our country’s educational system is in the grips of people who “joyfully and militantly proclaim their hostility to intellect and their eagerness to identify with children who show the least intellectual promise.”
36. What do American parents expect their children to acquire in school?
[A] The habit of thinking independently.
[B] Profound knowledge of the world.
[C] Practical abilities for future career.
[D] The confidence in intellectual pursuits.
37. We can learn from the text that Americans have a history of
[A] undervaluing intellect.
[B] favoring intellectualism.
[C] supporting school reform.
[D] suppressing native intelligence.
38. The views of Ravish and Emerson on schooling are
[A] identical. [B] similar. [C] complementary. [D] opposite.
39. Emerson, according to the text, is probably
[A] a pioneer of education reform. [B] an opponent of intellectualism.
[C] a scholar in favor of intellect. [D] an advocate of regular schooling.
40. What does the author think of intellect?
[A] It is second to intelligence. [B] It evolves from common sense.
[C] It is to be pursued. [D] It underlies power.
名师解析
36. What do American parents expect their children to acquire in school?
美国的父母期望他们的孩子在学校里面学到什么?
[A] The habit of thinking independently. 独立思考的习惯。.
[B] Profound knowledge of the world. 深厚的世界知识。.
[C] Practical abilities for future career. 从事未来职业的实用技能。
[D] The confidence in intellectual pursuits. 追求学识的信心。
【答案】 C
【考点】事实细节题。
【分析】父母对孩子的期望这一点可以从第一段中找到“即使是学校也只是我们送孩子去接受实用教育的地方，而不是让他们为了知识而去追求知识的地方。”至此，
答案选项[C]一目了然。而选项[B]显然错误。选项[A]这个干扰项是出题人故意
拿出一个本身没有问题，但是不适合本处的说法来干扰考生。考生一定要警惕
先入为主的思维模式，在做阅读理解的时候，不能按照自己的直觉和知识瞎猜，
一定要以原文为根据。选项[D]显然也是不符合家长的期望的。
37. We can learn from the text that Americans have a history of
从原文中我们可以得知美国的历史历来是
[A] undervaluing intellect. 贬低学识。
[B] favoring intellectualism. 赞成学识至上论。.
[C] supporting school reform. 支持学校改革。
[D] suppressing native intelligence. 压制天分。
【答案】 A
【考点】事实细节题。
【分析】第四段“霍夫斯塔特说：自我们的历史之初，我们对民主化和大众化的渴望就驱使我们排斥任何带有精英优越论味道的东西。实用性、常识以及天分这些素
质一直被视作比可以从书本里学得的任何东西都高贵。”在这里，我们可以把
精英优越论味道的东西以及书本里面学到的东西等同于学识，而实用性、常识
以及天分这些素质要比学识来得“高贵”，也就是说，正确答案是选项[A]。选
项[B]是与原文意思相反，选项[C]“支持学校改革”在文中找不到出处，选项
[D]与霍夫斯塔特的描述也截然相反。
38. The views of Ravish and Emerson on schooling are
Ravitch and Emerson 对学校的看法是
[A] identical. 相同的。[B] similar. 类似的。
[C] complementary. 互补的。[D] opposite. 相反的。
【答案】 D
【考点】事实细节题。
【分析】我们需要在寻找到“Ravitch and Emerson”二人对学校的看法后再将二人的意见进行一番比较，然后得出二人意见的异同。“Ravitch”的意见我们从第二段
中可以找到，“Diane Ravitch说：‘学校始终处于实用重于学识的社会之中。’”
“学校本来可以是一种抵消的力量。”“Ravitch”最新著作《落后：失败的学校
改革的一个世纪》探索学校里反学识至上论的根源，书中的结论是：“美国学
校绝对没有抵制美国人对学识追求的厌恶。”从本段可以看出，“Ravitch”批评
学校没有起到抵制美国人对学识追求的厌恶的作用，即认为学校应该追求学
识。而“Emerson”的意见可以在第五段中找到，他和其他一些先验主义哲学
家认为学校教育和严格的书本学习限制了孩子们的天性。“我们被关在中小学
和大学的朗诵室里十年或十五年，最后出来满肚子墨水，却啥都不懂。”本段
说明爱默生认为学校压制人的天性，追求学识的学校是不正确的。因此可以判
定：二人意见刚好相反。
39. Emerson, according to the text, is probably
根据本文, Emerson可能是一位
[A] a pioneer of education reform. 教育改革的先驱。
[B] an opponent of intellectualism. 学识主义的反对者。
[C] a scholar in favor of intellect. 赞成学识的学者。
[D] an advocate of regular schooling. 正规学校教育的倡导者。
【答案】 B
【考点】推断题。
【分析】从某人的观点推断出某个人的立场是最常见的考题，上题中已经提到过爱默生的观点，即“学校教育和严格的书本学习限制了孩子们的天性”，也就是说，
他是反对学识主义的，选择[B]也就否定了[C]。一个反对学识教育的人，不可
能是正规学校教育的倡导者，所以选项[D]也是不正确的。而选项[A]教育改革
的先驱这一点在文中都找不到依据。
40. What does the author think of intellect?
本文作者怎么看待才智?
[A] It is second to intelligence. 它没有智力重要。
[B] It evolves from common sense. 它从常识发展而来。
[C] It is to be pursued. 它是必须被人们追求的东西。
[D] It underlies power. 它是权利的基础。
【答案】 C
【考点】作者观点题。
【分析】作者观点题通常只有在通篇读完才能够得出。第一段作者说今天的美国人不很看重“intellect”，第二段引用教育学作家“Diane Ravitch”的观点来说明这一
点，第三段作者表明自己的态度：“鼓励孩子们排斥精神生活使得他们极易被
利用和控制。如果不能批判地思考、不能捍卫自己的思想、不能理解他人的思
想，他们就不能充分地参与我们的民主”。而且引用作家“Earl Shorris”的话来
说明如果不这么做，国家将“沦为二流国家”。至此，我们可以看出，作者是
支持“intellect”的。作者本人并没有比较“intellect”和“intelligence”谁优谁
劣，所以[A]可以被排除。至于常识和权利，文章中虽然提到了，但是并没有
对它们进行探讨。
难句解析：
1. Even our schools are where we send our children to get a practical education—not to pursue knowledge for the sake of knowledge.
【结构分析】本句是主系表结构。主语为“our schools”，表语从句为“where we send our children to get a practical education—not to pursue knowledge for the sake of knowledge”，在表语从句中，破折号后面的内容是补充说明前面从句中的目的状语的。
2. Encouraging kids to reject the life of the mind leaves them vulnerable to exploitation and control.
【结构分析】本句是简单句。主语由动名词短语“encouraging kids to reject the life of the mind”充当，“vulnerable to exploitation and control”是宾语“them”的补语。
3. Hofstadter says our country’s educational system is in the grips of people who“joyfully and militantly proclaim their hostility to intellect and their eagerness to identify with children who show the least intellectual promise.”
【结构分析】本句主句为“Hofstadter says”。宾语从句是主系表结构，其主语是“our country’s educational system”，在表语中存在一个定语从句修饰“people”。
全文翻译：
今天的美国人不很看重才智。我们的英雄不是学者，而是运动员、演艺名星和企业家。即使是学校也只是我们送孩子去接受实用教育的地方，而不是让他们为了知识而去追求知识的地方。学校里也不难发现盛行的反才智主义的表现。
“学校始终处于实用性重于才智性的社会之中，”教育学作家戴恩·瑞维兹说，“学校可以是一种抵消的力量。”瑞维兹最新著作《落后：学校改革失败的一世纪》探索学校里反才智主义倾向的根源，书中的结论是：美国学校绝对没有抵制美国人对才智追求的厌恶。
但学校是能够并应该做到这一点的。鼓励孩子们排斥精神生活使得他们极易被剥削和控制。不能批判地思考、捍卫自己的思想、理解他人的观点，他们就不能充分地参与我们的民主。沿着这条路线发展下去，作家厄尔·少瑞斯说，“我们将沦为二流国家。我们的社会将不再那么文明。”
历史学家兼教授理查德·霍夫斯塔特在《美国生活中的反学识主义》中写道：“才智被人们看作一种权利或特权而遭厌恶。”该书探讨美国政治、宗教和教育中的反才智主义的根源，曾获普利策奖。霍夫斯塔特说，自我们的历史之初，我们对民主化和大众化的渴望就驱使我们排斥任何带有精英优越论味道的东西。实用性、常识以及天分这些素质一直被视作比可以从书本里学得的任何东西都高贵。
拉尔夫·瓦尔多·爱默生和其他一些先验主义哲学家认为学校教育和严格的书本学习限制了孩子们的天性。“我们被关在中小学和大学的朗诵室里十年或十五年，最后出来满肚子墨水，却啥都不懂。”马克·吐温的小说《哈克弗恩历险记》即是美国反才智主义的例证。该书的主人公逃避教化——不上学认字——因此他才得以保住善良的天性。
按照霍夫斯塔特的观点，才智不同于天分，天分是一种我们不太情愿去赞赏的品质。才智是精神世界中的批评性、创造性和沉思性的一面。天分寻求的是掌握、控制、重组和调节，而才智是审视、思考、质疑、归纳、批判和想象。
如今学校仍然是才智备受怀疑的地方。霍夫斯塔特说，掌握我们国家教育体系的人“沾沾自喜地、霸气十足地公然宣称敌视才智，迫不及待地认同那些才智发展最差的孩子。”
大学英语四级阅读理解试题及标准答案.
大学英语四级阅读理解试题及答案.
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3 大学英语四级阅读理解试题及答案（四） 十六 Trees should only be pruned when there is a good and clear reason for doing so and , fortunately,the number of such reasons is small. Pruning involves the cutting away of obergrown and unwanted branches, and the inexperienced gardener can be encouraged by the thought that more damage results from doing it unnecessarily than from leaving the tree to grow in its own way. First, pruning may be done to make sure that trees have a desired shape or size. The object may be to get a tree of the right height, and at the same time to help the growth of small side branches which will thicken its appearance or give it a special shape. Secondly, pruning may be done to make the tree healthier. You may cut diseaed or dead wood, or branches that are rubbing against each other and thus cause wounds. The health of a tree may be encouraged by removing branches that are blocking up the centre and so preventing the free movement of air. One result of pruning is that an open wound is left on the tree and this provides an easy entry for disease, but itis a wound that will heal. Often there is a race between the healing and the desease as to whether the tree will live or die, so that there is a period when the tree is at risk. It should be the aim of every gardener to reduce which has been pruned smooth and clean, for healing will be slowed down by roughness. You should allow the cut surface to dry for a few hurs and then paint it with one of the substances available from garden shops produced especially for this purpose. Pruning is usually without interference from the leaves and also it is very unlikely that the cuts yu make will bleed. If this does happen,it is, of course,impossible to paint them properly. 1.Pruning should be done to ______. a.make the tree grow taller
大学英语B 阅读理解答案
阅读理解 B 42、Martin Luther King was a black minister, who became a great leader of the civil rights movement in the 1950s and 1960s. King was born on January 15, 1929 in Atlanta, Georgia. When he was young, he was strongly influenced by Thoreau and Indian leader Mahatma Gandhi's idea of non-violent resistance. Having received a Ph. D (Doctor of Philosophy) from Boston University, he became a political and religious leader of the non-violent civil relights movement in 1955. On August 28, 1963, he led over 250,000 Americans on a march in Washington D.C. to fight for the Civil Rights Law to guarantee equality for all people, and delivered his best known speech "I Have a Dream" before the Lincoln Memorial. The "dream" is a dream of brotherly love and equality for the Black and White. Thus, he was awarded the Nobel Prize for peace in 1964, but he was murdered four years later. Though he died, he was greatly respected and loved by the Americans, both the white and the black. By vote of Congress in 1968, the third Monday of every January is now a federal holiday in Luther King's honor. He lives in people's hearts forever. (1)、Martin Luther King was murdered when he was 39 years old. A：T B：F 答案：A (2)、Martin Luther King was a black minister only. A：T B：F 答案：B (3)、Martin Luther King's Day has been a federal holiday for more than 40 years. A：T B：F 答案：A (4)、The underlined word "delivered" in the second paragraph could be replaced by "gave". A：T B：F 答案：A (5)、The best title for this passage is "Civil Rights Law". A：T B：F 答案：B 43、A public house which was recently bought by Mr. James is up for sale. He is going to sell it because it is haunted (闹鬼的). He told me that he could not go to sleep one night because he heard a strange noise coming from the bar. The next morning, he found that the doors had been blocked by chairs and the furniture had been moved. Though Mr. James had turned the lights off before he went to bed, they were on in the morning. He also said that he had found five empty whisky bottles which the ghost (鬼) must have drunk the night before. When I suggested that some villagers must have come in for a free drink, he shook his head. The villagers have told him that they will not accept it even if he gives it away. (1)、Mr. James was the owner of the public house. A：T B：F 答案：A (2)、Mr. James had not turned off the lights that night. A：T B：F 答案：B (3)、Mr. James built the house. A：T B：F 答案：B (4)、Mr. James found sixty empty bottles. A：T B：F 答案：B (5)、The writer of the passage believes Mr. James' story. A：T B：F 答案：B 44、Great changes have been made in family life because of science and industry. In the past, when more Americans lived on farms, the typical family had many children. In a farm family, parents and their children often lived with grandparents. Often, too, uncles and aunts lived nearby. But when industry became more important than agriculture in American life, families became smaller because industry requires workers who are ready and able to move off the land and to move again whenever necessary. And large families can not be moved from place to place as smaller families can. So, at present people tend to have smaller families. In the future, because of industrialization, a typical family will be required to move even more often than now, so families will be even smaller. The typical family may remain childless and consists only of a man and a woman. A small number of families may take child raising as their chief work. At the same time they may also raise other people's children, leaving those families free to move from job to job. (1)、The passage discusses influence of science and industry on American families. A：T B：F 答案：A (2)、Families of the past, the present and the future are described in the passage. A：T B：F 答案：A (3)、People no longer want to have children. A：T B：F 答案：B (4)、Grandparents will take the chief responsibility of raising children in the future. A：T B：F 答案：B (5)、Large families cannot fit in with a highly industrialized society. A：T B：F 答案：A 45、My husband had just bought a new washing machine for me. I decided to use it and I washed a lot of things. Everything worked well, but I found one of my husband's socks missing. I looked everywhere for it, but I couldn't find it anywhere. The next morning, I got ready for school as usual. When the bell rang, the students came in. I greeted them first and then told them what we were going to do that day. When I turned around to write on the blackboard, the class broke out a roar! They laughed and laughed. They laughed so much, in fact, that I was afraid the headmaster would be into seeing all this. I asked the class to stop, but the more I talked, the more they laughed. I decided to pay no attention to them and I continued to write on the blackboard. When I did this, they roared even more. Finally, the teacher who had the room next to mine came in to see what all the laughter was about. When he came in, he started laughing, too!
职高英语试题库阅读理解.doc
(A) We are middle school students. We’re in Class 3, Grade 1. This is our classroom. It is a nice big room. You can see a clock over the blackboard. You can see desks and chairs in the room. They’re new. The books are on the desks. The bags are behind the chairs. Can you see a big desk? It is the teacher’s desk. On the teacher’s desk you can see some flowers. They are for our teacher, Miss Gao. She is a good teacher. 阅读短文,判断正（Ｔ）误（F）。 1. A clock is under the blackboard. （） 2. The books are on the desks and the bags are behind the chairs. （） 3. We are students. We’re in Class 1, Grade 3. （） 4. The teacher’s desk is big. ( ) 5. Miss Gao is a good teacher. ( ) (B) My name is Mary Green and I’m an English teacher. I am American. But I have many students here in China. The girl in the red coat is Lin Hong. She is twelve. She is in Row One(第一排). Behind her is Lucy, a new student. She is English. Her father, Mr. Black is a teacher of English, too. The boy in the green sweater is Li Lei. He is on duty today. He is thirteen. His father is a policeman. 6. Who is Mary Green？ A. She is an English woman. B. She is Li Lei’s teacher. C. She is Lin Hong’s mother. D. She is Mr. Black’s friend. 7. Where is Mary Green now? A. She is in China. B. She is in English. C. She is in America. D. She is in her room. 8.Which girl is Lin Hong? A. The one in the red skirt. B. The one in the white blouse. C. The one in the black trousers. D. The one in the red coat. 9. What color is Li Lei’s sweater? A. It’s blue. B. It’s red. C. It’s green. D. It’s yellow. 10. Which one is right? A. Lucy is Chinese. B. Li Lei’s father is a teacher of English C. Mary Green is an English teacher. D. Mr. Black is a Chinese teacher. （C） This is a girl. Her name is Jack. She has a cat. It’s an English cat. Her friends are Amy and Barbara. They have cats, too. They are Chinese cats. The English cat is four. The Chinese cats are both two. They all like their cats. Now they can’t see their cats. They think their cats are in the tree. They go there and carry them down. 11. Jack has a good _____ cat.
英语四级阅读理解模拟试题及答案详解第47期
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