物流配送系统规划设计外文文献翻译2014年译文3450字

文献出处: Tomas R. The planning and design of the logistics distribution system [J] The Journal of International Logistics, 2014, 15(6): 35-59

原文

The planning and design of the logistics distribution system

Tomas R

Abstract

At present, the development of world economy is trend to be globalization and regional integration. Especially under the push of information technology, logistics industry will become more competitive, how they are at a high level of customer service, lower logistics cost and create more value-added services, as well as what operation mode under the new form, is a very urgent and realistic problem. Set logistics, information technology and capital into one of the modern logistics distribution center, logistics distribution system in the increasingly fierce competition plays an important role. Practice proves that the logistics distribution system of goods transportation, storage, loading and unloading, handling, circulation processing, distribution, order processing and information processing work of unified management, can greatly reduce the work intensity of labor, reduce loss, improve inventory turnover, reasonable control inventory, accelerate the circulation of commodities, reduce the circulation cost, improve the satisfaction of social needs, give consumers more choice, to a virtuous cycle logistics system, so as to reduce costs for the enterprise, the enterprise can improve its core competitiveness.

Key words: Logistics system; Distribution center; Planning and design; Operations

management

1 Introduction

1.1 The basic concept of distribution

Distribution is according to the customer order and time plan, the logistics node (warehouses, shops, cargo terminal, logistics center, etc.) after operation, sorting, processing, distribution, as well as to match a good process of the goods to the consignee. Distribution is a kind of special and comprehensive logistics activity form, is combined closely with the business flow and logistics. Distribution includes almost all of the logistics function elements, is an epitome of logistics or in a small range all logistics activities to complete the purpose of the goods delivered, Special delivery to carry on the processing activities. Its targets is safe, accurate and high quality services and lower distribution costs.

1.2 Formation and development

Distribution, so must be mentioned from the connotation and characteristics. Issued at the end of 1985, the Japanese Japanese industrial standard (JIS) logistics term "lieutenant general distribution is defined as:" send consignee goods from logistics point ".Rules in April 1998, wised university professor Dry Repair in his book "the logistics of ABC guide to distribution are discussed in detail:" from the point of origin to the consumer, between all into products, semi-finished products, hair goods and inventory are to be carried out in a planned way, unified management and implementation. Distribution is the cheapest and the best service delivery way, to the most effective professional raw materials, product arrived, the procurement,

transportation, warehouse functions organically combined together."

1.3 The nature

According to the customer request, the goods in a timely manner to the customer, to reach the company the possession and control of the market. Distribution is a "match" and "send" in the form of organic combination. “Match" is assigned user, with time, with goods, vehicles and routes. “Send", refers to the delivery transport. Distribution is an advanced form of modern logistics. It not only brings to the suppliers and demanders reduce logistics cost and enjoy the excellent service directly benefit, but also will save social carrier time, ease traffic pressure, reduce the transportation pollution, protect the ecological environment, etc.

2 The basic model of distribution system and function

So-called distribution system, is composed of multiple mutually distinguishes interconnected units, materials for working object, to the flow of finished material entity for the purpose of organic combination. Distribution system as well as general system, input, transformation, output and feedback four big functions, through the input and output system and social environment to carry on the exchange, make system and environmental dependency and deposit, and the conversion is the system with the characteristics of the system function.

2.1 Communication and cohesion function

Distribution service provides the bridge between the circulation and production. The organic link between supply and demand together, communicate information, exchange goods, we have to establish a stable base for sourcing and distribution.

2.2 concentration, suction function

Rely on the distribution center of sensitive and huge information network and powerful "regulator", "pump" the strength of the non-stop from material widely, suction source and centralization reserves, as the strength distribution.

2.3 Coordinate and balance function

According to the market demand status and situation of prophase stimulation, to dynamic balance into the supply of goods, optimizing the allocation of resources, distribution scheme is determined, in preparation for the points to deliver goods, distribution.

2.4 Distribution function of goods

This is an important business activity distribution center. Varieties of according to customer's order, order time and delivery time requirements, sort sorting distribution, combining with the urban transportation regulations, distribution plan, make the most of the means of transport.

2.5 loading and delivery capabilities

Relying on powerful carrying capacity to "center", will have good quantity, quality, on time delivery of goods households' hands.

3 The logistics distribution system planning and design

3.1 Principle

Distribution operation is using delivery vehicles of the user to place an order for goods from the manufacturer, production base, wholesalers, distributors or distribution center, into the hands of the user's work. Vehicle distribution service is

directly in front of the service users, service quality had a greater influence on the efficiency and credibility of the enterprise. Therefore, in the logistics distribution system planning and design should pay attention to the following principles: Low speed. The so-called timeliness is to be delivered within a specified time. Low reliability. In good shape to have the goods sent to the hands of the user. Low service attitude. Delivery personnel is on behalf of the company's image in the interaction with the user. So we must treat the users with the best service, so as to maintain the company's image and credibility. When convenience. Convenient for users, be sure to delivery according to the requirements of customers. If for emergency delivery should try our best to meet the requirements. Low efficiency. Meet user requirements, not only the quality is better, and the price is reasonable. Through careful operation, reduce cost, cheap to users, allows users to feel real benefit.

3.2 Overall planning and design

The real distribution management is very difficult. Distribution management influenced by many factors, such as order processing takes effort, to make the plan of distribution, it is difficult to choose distribution path, delivery efficiency is low, it is difficult to on time delivery, delivery performance evaluation benchmark is unknown, the driver and the working time of uncertainty, fatigue and loss in the process of distribution and damage to the goods, transport vehicles and the refrigerator refrigerator car in good condition, etc. So we must strengthen the planning and design of logistics distribution system. In the process of actual distribution at the same time, also is affected by many uncontrolled factors, such as the distribution of user area,

road traffic network, traffic restrictions, delivery time requirements, traffic, vehicle, road construction, the user changes changes, etc. So we must set up a team of planning and design, overall planning and design of logistics distribution system.

3.3 The specific planning and design

Logistics distribution system planning and design is based on the change of external environment, selecting the best distribution route, combined with the change of internal environment configuration is suitable for vehicle and improve unit cubed out, prevent crisscross transportation, as far as possible reducing distribution error rate, improve circulation and processing, sorting, inspection, packaging, and other functions, to make it in the best working state, and worked out their performance appraisal index, etc. In this paper, we study the logistics distribution system consists of seven subsystems: information collection and processing, distribution plan, choice of distribution, distribution vehicle path planning, distribution, performance analysis, choice of distribution mode, distribution process design.

4 Distribution process design

Distribution is a comprehensive and integrated logistics. Distribution contains rich content. Look from the link, both contain the transport of goods, as well as harmony goods collection, storage, cargo, picking, fittings and other activities. Some goods distribution activities (e.g., production and distribution), and often accompanied by processing (such as log cutting saw, shear, glass steel suit cut, coal mixed assembly, components, etc.).How to make these activities optimization, efficient and coordinated operation, is our shipping process to consider the content of the planning

and design.

4.1 The order processing work

Distribution began in customer's inquiry, business offer, then receiving orders, business ability to query the inventory status, loading and unloading cargo delivery day, packaging, circulation processing load capacity, load distribution, etc., design to meet customer needs and distribution operations. When business is constrained to delivery according to customer's request, the need to coordinate the business department. Because enterprise is not with the cargo receipt, at the time of order processing, need to check company to the customer credit evaluation. In addition also need to statistics the time the order quantity, shipment to arrange the delivery, distribution, application and quantity. Returns the data processing are also treated in this stage. Other business needs quotation calculation method, formulate customer order minimum quantity, order or order checkout deadline. The economic order batch purchase order or release bill of lading is put forward. On the stock inventory with purchase orders issued after the rush.

4.2 Inventory management operations

Inventory management assignments include lots of management and inventory control. Store block management including commodity put way in the area of the warehouse, and the size of the area, such as regional distribution planning; The process of making the goods in and out of the way of the warehouse (first in first out and last in first out); Goods required for handling tools, handling way; Storage area of position adjustment and change. Inventory control must be in accordance with the

time needed for goods delivery, warehousing and so on to make a purchase quantity and purchase time, and do purchase time warning system. Setting inventory count method, is responsible for the inventory checking list to print on a regular basis, and according to the content of the inventory listing inventory revised inventory accounts, inventory and produce inventory surplus, dish deficient statements. With lots of management include packaging containers and packaging container takes care of the maintenance.

4.3 Replenishment and the homework

In order to satisfy the customer different types, different specifications and different number of goods demand, the enterprise must effectively sporting goods, shipment and plans. Statistical customer order can know goods real demand. In the delivery date, when the inventory to meet demand for delivery, can print out the stock picking orders according to the quantity demanded and the picking instructions, picking the regional planning layout, tool selection and staff seconded. Shipment cherry-pick only including cherry-pick homework, also be picked off store shelves, helps the picking out of stock, this includes the replenishment quantity and replenishment time formulation, replenishment job scheduling, replenishment operation staff seconded.

4.4 Shipment job processing

After finish goods cherry-pick and circulation processing operations, can delivery of goods. Shipping operation, including print shipping documents according to customer orders for customers, make shipment scheduling, printing batch delivery

report, needed to address label on the shipment of goods and delivery checklist. By scheduling personnel decided to focus mode, choose goods set tools, seconded set the operation personnel, and decided to transport vehicle size and number. The warehouse management personnel or managers decided to shipment delivery area planning layout and the mode of delivery of goods.

4.5 Distribution operations

Actual distribution assignments include goods loading and distribution, complete these assignments require prior planning and distribution Area, arrange delivery routes, determined by the order of distribution routes to choose goods loading order, and in Commodity distribution on the way to track goods, control and deal with the distribution surprises on the way.

译文

物流配送系统的规划和设计

作者：托马斯

摘要

当前，世界经济的发展呈全球化以及区域一体化趋势。特别是在信息技术的推动下，物流业的竞争将更加激烈，它们如何以高的客户服务水平，低的物流成本，创造更多的增值服务，以及在新形式下采用何种运作模式，是一个很迫切，很现实的问题。集物流、信息技术和资金流于一体的现代物流配送中心、物流配送系统在愈来愈激烈的竞争中起着至关重要的作用。实践证明，物流配送系统通过对商品的运输、保管、装卸、搬运、流通加工、配送、订单处理和信息处理等

工作的统一管理，可以大大减轻作业劳动强度，减少商品损耗，提高库存周转率，合理控制库存，加速商品流通，降低流通成本，提高社会需求的满足度，给消费者以更多选择，使物流系统得以良性循环，从而为企业降低成本，使企业能提升其核心竞争力。

关键词：物流系统；配送中心；规划设计；运营管理

1 引言

1.1配送的基本概念

配送就是按照客户的订货要求和时间计划，在物流节点（仓库、商店、货运站、物流中心等）进行分拣、加工和配货等作业后，将配好的货物送交收货人的过程。配送是物流中一种特殊的、综合的活动形式，是商流和物流的紧密结合。配送几乎包括了所有的物流功能要素，是物流的一个缩影或在某小范围内全部物流活动完成将货物送达的目的；特殊的配送还要进行加工活动。它的目标指向是安全、准确、优质服务和较低的配送费用。

1.2 形成和发展

配送这么受重视，须从其内涵和特性谈起。1985 年底，日本颁布的《日本工业标准（JIS）物流用语》中将配送定义为：“将货物从物流据点送交给收货人”。1998 年4 月，早稻田大学教授细则修博士在他的专著《物流ABC 指南》中对配送进行了较为详细的描述：“从发货地到消费地之间，所有进货品、半成品、发货品及库存品都是有计划地、统一地进行管理和实施。配送是费用最低、服务最好的送货方式，为了最有效专职将原材料、产品送达，把采购、运输、仓库的功能有机地组合在一起。”

1.3 性质

按照客户要求，把商品及时地交给客户，实现企业对市场的占有和控制。配送是“配”和“送”有机结合的形式。“配”是指配用户、配时间、配货品、配车辆、配路线。“送”，是指送货运输。配送是一种先进的现代物流形式。它不但给供应者和需求者带来降低物流成本、享受优质服务的直接效益，而且还能为社会节省运输车次、缓解交通压力、减少运输污染、保护生态环境等做出贡献。配送不但能够保障供应、保障人们的生产和生活正常运行，而且还会使企业生产和人们生活产生革命性的变化，促进生产的发展和人们生活水平的提高。

2 配送系统的基本模式与功能

所谓配送系统，是由多个既相互区别又相互联系的单元结合起来，以物资为工作对象，以完成物资实体流动为目的的有机结合体。配送系统和一般系统一样，具有输入、转换、输出和信息反馈四大功能，通过输入和输出系统和社会环境进行交换，使系统和环境相依而存，而转换则是这个系统带有特点的系统功能。2.1沟通、衔接功能

配送服务在流通与生产之间架起一座桥梁。将供需有机衔接在一起，相互沟通信息，互通物资的余缺有无，从而建立了相对稳定的货源基地和配送基地。2.2集中、抽吸功能

依靠配送中心的灵敏、庞大的信息网和强大的“调节器”、“抽水泵”的实力不间断地从外界广泛组织货源，集中抽吸货源、集中储备，作为配送的雄厚实力。

2.3协调、平衡功能

根据市场需求状况和前期吞吐情况，对所进货源进行动态平衡，优化配置资源，确定配送方案，为分货、配货送货做准备。（本译文归百度文库所有，完整译文请到百度文库）