虚拟语气语法讲解

虚拟语气语法讲解
虚拟语气语法讲解

虚拟语气语法讲解

虚拟语气

英语句子中谓语动词的语气有三种:

1. 直陈语气(The Indiative d)直陈语气用于直截了当地陈述事实、描述状态:

He has published quite a nuber f essays this year .他今年已发表了好几篇论。

2. 祈使语气(The Iperative d)

祈使语气用于提出请求、命令、建议或是劝告等:

ait utside until yu are asked . 请在外面等候,请你进再进去。

Lets ust take a break, shall we ? 我们休息一会儿,好吗?

3. 虚拟语气(The Subuntive d)

虚拟语气用于表示主观愿望和假设的虚拟情况。虚拟语气不太顾及事实的存在,它表现出说话人的主观因素比较多。所以说话人所讲的内容往往是与事实相反的;或是其实现的可能性微乎其微,甚至于没有实现的可能性。当然,有时为了使说话的语气客气、缓和、委婉,也使用虚拟语气。例如:

I wish yu were re areful .但愿你更细心一些。

If I had re ney, I wuld buy a bigger apartent.

我要是有再多一点钱,我就买一套更大一些房子。

uld yu ind shutting the dr ? 劳驾您把门关上。

一、虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的构成和用法

1. 表示一种与过去事实相反的假设情况,条件从句中的谓语动词要用“had+过去分词”,主句中的谓语动词要用“wuld / shuld / uld / ight+have+过去分词”。如: If yu had e here yesterday, yu wuld have seen hi. 如果你昨天到这里,你就会看见他了。

2. 表示一种与目前事实相反的假设情况,条件状语从句中的谓语动词要用一般过去式(be动词常用were),而主句中的谓语动词则要用“wuld / shuld / uld / ight+动词原形”。如: If I had his telephne nuber, I wuld all hi nw. 如果我有他的电话号码,我现在就打电话给他。 If I were yu, I wuld nt tell hi that. 如果我是你,我就不把那件事告诉他。

3. 表示与将的事实可能相反的假设情况时,条件状语从句中的谓语动词要用:1) shuld+动词原形,或2) 一般过去式,或3) were+不定式,主句中的谓语动词要用“wuld+动词原形“。如: If it snwed trrw, any rps wuld die f ld. = If it were t snw trrw, any rps wuld die f ld. = If it shuld snw trrw, any rps wuld die f ld. 如果明天下雪,许多庄稼都会冻死。

4. 有时候,条件和结果不是指同一个时间,这时,应根据上面谈到的几种情况,使用相应的形式,这种虚拟语气

形式被称为错综虚拟语气。如: If yu had listened t the teaher arefully yesterday, yu wuld knw hw t d the exerise nw. 如果你昨天认真听了老师的讲话,你现在就知道如何做这道题了。 5. 使用虚拟语气时,有时候可以省略引导条件状语从句的连词if。这时,从句部分要使用部分倒装,即将从句部分的助动词were / had / shuld等提到主语前面。如: ere I yu, I wuld nt tell hi that. Shuld it snw trrw, any rps wuld die f ld. Had yu listened t the teaher arefully yesterday, yu wuld knw hw t d the exerise nw. 二、含蓄性条件句

在表示假设的虚拟语气中,有时假设的条件并不以条件从句的形式出现,而是通过上下或句中内在的逻辑关系,或用其它形式表达出,这就是“含蓄条件句”。常用的有以下四种: 1. 介词短语常用表示虚拟条件的介词有withut, with, in, under, but fr等,他们表示的虚拟条件都可以被if从句替换。 1) withut, with withut表示否定的条件,意为if…nt;with与withut意义相反,表示肯定的条件。如: ithut air (= If there were n air) , there wuld be n living things. 如果没有空气,就不会有生物。 ith his help (= If I had her help), I wuld d the experient well. 如果有他的帮助,我会做好这个实验。 2) under 如: Under the leadership f a less experiened persn (= If there

had been the leadership f a less experiened persn), the experient wuld have failed. 要是一个没有经验的人领导,这个实验就失败了。 3) in 如: I wuld have lst y head in that psitin (in that psitin = if I had been in that psitin) 我处在那种情况下,是会丧失理智的。 4) but fr (如果没有) 如: But fr their help (= If it were nt fr their help), we uld nt get ver the diffiulties. 要不是他们的帮助,我们是克服不了这些困难的。 2. 连接词r / therwise (否则,要不然), but, but that (要不是) 如:He felt very tired yesterday, r he wuld have attended the party. 他昨天很累,不然他就参加那个聚会了。 He was having a eeting, therwise he wuld have e ver t help us. 他当时正在开会,否则他就会帮助我们了。 I shuld have returned the bk last week, but I was s busy that I frgt t d s. 我本应该在上周归还那本书的,但我太忙了,把这件事给忘了。 But that yu had seen e in the water, I wuld have drwned. 要不是你看见我掉在水里,我早就被淹死了。

3. 分词短语如: United (= If they had been united), they wuldn’t have been defeated. 他们要是团结起,就不会被打败。 Seen fr a high untain (= If it were seen fr a high untain), the field in whih wheat is grwing wuld lk like a great green sea. 倘若从高山上看,麦田

就像一片碧绿的大海。 4.“名词+and”结构如: ne step further and yu wuld be dead. (= If yu tk ne step further, yu wuld be dead.) 再往前走一步,你就会死。三、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的应用

虚拟语气有时可用于主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中,下面分别加以说明。 1. 主语从句

在主语从句中用以表示惊奇、惋惜、理应如此等意,其谓语用shuld +动词原形,shuld 在口语中可省略。主要用于以下三种结构: 1)Itis neessary/iprtant/natural / strange/essential /advisable/desirable/urgent …+that... 如:It is neessary that he (shuld) get everything ready by trrw evening. 到明天晚上前把一切准备好是必要的。 It is iprtant that yu (shuld ) read English alud every rning. 你们每天早上朗读英语很重要。

2) It is a pity (a shae, n wnder...)+that... 如: It is a pity that she (shuld )be s areless. 她这么粗心真是遗憾。 It is n wnder that they (shuld) g there by air. 难怪他们要坐飞机到那里去。3) It is suggested( deided, rdered, requested, desired, deanded, required, prpsed, reended) that ...如: It is requested that that fatry (shuld) stp plluting the river. 要求那家工厂停止对那条河的污染。 It is deided that the

sprts eet (shuld) be put ff till next week. 已决定运动会推迟到下星期。 2. 宾语从句

1) 在表示命令、建议、劝告、欲望、要求、主张这一类动词后的宾语从句中,从句应用虚拟语气,其谓语用shuld+动词原形,shuld可省略,这类动词有suggest, insist, deand, request, desire, rder, ask, advise, prpse , and, reend, require等,如: The teaher insisted that we (shuld) use an English-English ditinary. 老师坚持要我们使用英英词典。 I suggest the invitatin t the nferene (shuld) be sent t Dr Baker. 我建议给贝克博士发出出席的邀请。 2) wish 后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气,表示不能实现的愿望。表示现在不能实现的愿望,从句谓语动词用过去式;表示将不能实现的愿望,从句谓语动词用uld/wuld+动词原形;表示过去不能实现的愿望,从句谓语用“had+过去分词”。如: I wish I were a bird. 我要是一只鸟多好啊! I wish I had started t study English years ag. 我要是早几年开始学英语就好了。 I wish yu wuld stp asking silly questins. 但愿你不要再问愚蠢的问题了。 3) wuld rather“宁愿,宁可”后接从句,从句用过去时指现在或将;用过去完成时指过去,如: Id rather yu went there nw. 我宁愿你现在就去那里。 I wuld rather he ae t see e trrw. 我宁愿他明天看我。 I wuld rather

he hadnt tld yu abut it. 我宁愿他没有把这件事告诉你。

4) uld yu ind if ... ? 这是表示请求许可的句型,if 从句用虚拟语气,谓语用一般过去时,如: uld yu ind if I sked in the next r ? 我在隔壁房间里抽烟你介意吗? 3. 表语从句

1) as if /thugh(似乎,好像,仿佛)引导的表语从句如果表示与现在事实相反,谓语动词用一般过去时;表示与过去事实相反,谓语动词用过去完成时;表示与将事实,谓语用wuld /ight/ uld+动词原形。如: It is s ld that it sees as if we were in Siberia. 天真冷好像我们到了西伯利亚似的。 It lks as if it ight rain. 看起好像要下雨。 2) 当表示间接的要求、建议、命令、决定、欲望、劝告、主张等名词作主语时,其表语从句用虚拟语气。这类名词有suggestin, prpsal , request, rder, advie, idea, deand, reendatin等,其谓语用(shuld)+动词原形。如: ur suggestin is that yu (shuld) be the first t g. 我们的建议是你应该先去。 y idea is that he (shuld) d his hewrk first. 我的想法是他先做作业。 4. 上述名词的同位语从句也用虚拟语气,其谓语用(shuld)+动词原形。如:D yu knw the rder that yu (shuld ) keep wath ? 你知道你该去放哨的命令吗? e all agreed t his suggestin that we (shuld ) g t Beiing fr sightseeing. 我们都同

意他要我们去北京浏览的建议。四、虚拟语气在定语从句中的运用

在“It is (high) tie (that)…”句型中(that)引导的是定语从句,从句的谓语动词习惯上用过去式,(有时也可用shuld+动词原形,shuld不能省略),表示“早该干某事了,是某人该干某事的时候了”。如: It is tie we went (shuld g) he. 我们该回家了。 It’s high tie yu ade (shuld ake) up yur ind. 是你下决心的时候了。五、虚拟语气在状语从句中的运用

1. 在in rder that, s that引导的目的状语从句中,用ay或ight+动词原形(s that从句中也可用an或uld)表示虚拟语气。如: If yu d knw, answer in a lud enugh vie in rder that (s that) all the lass ay hear. 如果你真的知道,你就大声回答,以便让全班同学都能听到。 He ae ten inutes earlier in rder (s that) he ight get a gd seat. 为了搞到个好坐位,他早十分钟了。

2. asif/ thugh (似乎,仿佛)引出的方式状语从,如果表示真实情况应该用直陈语气;

如果表示非真实情况则应该用虚拟语气, 其谓语动词的虚拟式与wish后面宾语从句中谓语动词的虚拟式相同。 1) 与现在事实相反,用动词过去式,be动词用were。如:He talks as if he knew everything in the wrld. 他

谈起话好像他知道世间的一切似的。 He speaks English as if he were an Englishan. 他说起英语就好像他是个英国人似的。 2) 与过去事实相反,用“had+过去分词”的虚拟结构。如: He behaved as if nthing had happened. 他表现出好像什么都没发生似的。 He talks as if he had been t the n. 他谈起话好像他上过月球似的。 3) 与将事实相反,用“wuld (ight)+动词原形”的虚拟结构。如: She ried as if her heart wuld break. 他哭得心都要碎了。六、if nly引导的句中虚拟语气的用法

“If nly…从句“表示一种愿望或是向往的假设,其意义是"要是……就好了”、“但愿……”。这个句型中的语序是正常语序,不倒装。另外,其谓语动词的虚拟式与wish 后面宾语从句中谓语动词的虚拟式相同。例如:

If nly she uld understand y real feelings.

要是她能了解我的真实想法就好了。

If nly y ther had survived the disease and lived till nw.

要是我妈妈没有死于疾病而活到现在就好了。

If nly he wuld fine a satisfatry b after his graduatin.

但愿他毕业后找到一份称心如意的工作。七、“情态动词+have dne”的虚拟结构

1. 在对过去应该做而没做的事情表示责备的句子中,谓语用“shuld+have dne”的虚拟结构。如: yu shuld have been here five inutes ag. 你本应该5分钟前就到这儿。

I shuld have tld yu abut it earlier. 有关这事我本应该早告诉你。 2. “uld+have dne”虚拟语气,表示对过去事情的假设,意思是本能够做某事而没有做。如: He uld have passed the exa, but he was t areless. 本他能够通过考试,但是他太粗心。“There were already five peple in the ar, but they anaged t take e as well.”“It uldn’t have been a frtable urney.”“车里已经有五个人了,他们又设法带上了我。”“那一定不会是个舒服的旅程。”3.“ight+have dne”可表示虚拟,意思是过去某个动作有可能发生,但实际上并没发生。 He ight have given yu re help, even thugh he was busy. 他或许会多给你一些帮助,即使他很忙。 She ight have ahieved greater prgress, if yu had given her re hanes. 如果你多给她点机会,她可能已经取得了更大的成绩。 4.“wuld+have dne”虚拟语气,表示对过去事情的假设,意思是“本会做”。如: I wuld have tld yu all abut the by’s stry, but yu didn’t ask e. 我本会告诉你这个小男孩的故事,但是你没有问我。 ithut yur help, I wuldn’t have ahieved s uh. 没有你的帮助,我是不会取得如此大的成绩的。 5.“shuld+have dne”虚

拟语气,含有指责对方或自责的意思,意为“本应该做某事,而实际没做”。其否定式表示本不应该做某事而实际上做了。如: T, yu are t lazy. The wrk shuld have been finished yesterday. 汤姆,你太懒惰了,这个活本应该昨天就做完的。 Lk, T is rying. I shuldn’t have been s hard n hi. 看,汤姆哭了,我本不应该对他如此严厉。 6.“ught t+have dne”表示过去应该做而实际没有做,意为“理应做……”,往往表示遗憾。其否定式表示过去本不应该做某事而实际上做了。如: yu ught t have gne he last Sunday. 我理应上星期天回家的。 yu ught t have given hi re help. 你理应多帮助他 7.“need+have dne”表示本需要做某事而没有做,其否定式为本不必做某事而实际上做了。如: I needn’t have bught s uh wine—nly five peple ae. 我本没必要买这么多酒,只了五个人。 He need have hurried t the statin. In that ase, he wuldn’t have issed the train. 他本需要快点去车站,那样的话,他就不会误了火车。 8. “ wuld rather+ have dne”表示宁愿过去干了某事,而实际上并没发生;其否定形式意思为表示宁愿过去没干某事,而实际上却做了。 I raised betins at the eeting. I’d rather haven’t. 我在会上提了反对意见,我倒愿没有这样。八.虚拟语气用于口语交际场合

虚拟语气常用于表示客气、委婉的说法。它之所以能表

示客气、委婉的意思,就是因为它的语气是虚拟的;也就是说,讲话的人有意识地将其所说的内容虚拟化,从而给听话人在是否接受所听到的内容方面留有较大空间、余地;而不至于使听话人在是否接受所听到的内容方面感到有压力或是强迫感。从这个意义上讲,虚拟语气比直陈语气,祈使语气更为客气、委婉、礼貌。例如:

uld yu tell e the way t the nearest shpping enter ?

你能告诉我去最近的购物中心的路吗?

uld yu ind lwering yur vie? 请你小声点儿,行吗?

Perhaps yu uld get better results this way .你这样做效果或许要好一点。

hih seat ight I take? 我可以坐哪个位子?

九.一些动词的过去完成时表虚拟

在英语中一些表示“希望,打算,计划,意图”的动词, 如:hpe, plan, want, think, expet, ean, intend, wish, 等的过去完成时,可表示未能实现的打算,计划,愿望等。

I had planned t visit yu, but I had an unexpeted visitr. The firefighters had wished t put ut the fire in ne hur, but they failed. 十.不定式结构中的虚拟语气现象wuld/shuld like t have dne, 动词“hpe, plan, expet, ean, intend, wish”的过去式+ t have dne 以及 was/ were t have dne 也可表示虚拟。表示本打算,计划干某事,但

事实上并未发生。be suppsed t have dne 相当于shuld have dne The plane was t have taken ff at 8 ’lk, but it was held up beause f a heavy fg. I hped t have pleted the wrk befre nw. yu are suppsed t have pleted the wrk by nw.

高中英语语法虚拟语气教学设计

高中英语语法虚拟语气 教学设计 集团档案编码:[YTTR-YTPT28-YTNTL98-UYTYNN08]

高中英语语法虚拟语气教学:The subjunctive mood 厦门第十中学吕瑞珠 一、概述 本节课是高中英语语法教学课,授课内容为虚拟语气,授课对象是高三年学生。从呈现、加深记忆、巩固到实践并将语言项目运用于写作中并做适当的点评,大概需要两课时。但我这里着重阐述的是第一课时的教学内容、教学策略等。 通过本节语法教学课的学习,学生重新整合自己的有关虚拟语气的知识,复习已知的虚拟语气的表达形式如:I wish I could fly freely in the sky like a bird; It is high that you got up.等等,并学习新的表达形式如:The English teacher suggested that we should read the English newspaper every day; I would have passed the English exam if I had worker harder in the past 20 days.最为重要的是,学生在学习完虚拟语气的表达形式后,要在写作中运用。 虚拟语气在高中英语语法的难点之一,多数学生感到费解,因此也更需要老师的指导与相应的实践与运用,并且较好地掌握虚拟语气的表达形式,有助于扫除学生阅读过程中对个别句子的理解。 二、教学目标分析 1.知识与技能 1)复习学生已掌握的虚拟语气表达的句型: I wish I were… / I could … It is high time that you did your homework.. If I were you, I would… 2) 学习虚拟语气新的表达方式,尤其是if引导的虚拟条件状语从句,掌握与现在事实、与过去事实、与将来事实相反的三种虚拟语气的表达,特别是主句与从句时态的呈现;还有引导出的宾语从句需要运用虚拟语气的动词,如suggest, insist, propose, demand and so on. 3)培养学生运用所学知识表达自己的思想的能力。 2.过程与方法 1)引导学生在欣赏英文歌曲An Angel的情景教学过程中,开启对虚拟语气表达已有的知识记忆。

虚拟语气用法总结及详细解析

虚拟语气用法 英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气、疑问语气和感叹语气五类。 1、表示动作或状态是客观存在的、确定的或符合事实的,用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句中。 China is an Asian country. (肯定句) How interesting my stay in China has been! (感叹句) 2、祈使句表示说话人对对方的请求、警告,建议或命令。如: Please come over here. 请到这边来。 Watch your steps! 当心!(走路) 3、虚拟语气表示说话者做出的假设而非事实,或难以实现的情况,甚至表达彻底相反的概念。此外,如需表达主观愿望或某种强烈的感情时,也可用虚拟语气。虚拟语气是由句中的谓语动词的特殊形式表示出来的。如: If I were a bird,I would be able to fly in the air. 如果我是一只小鸟,我就能在空中飞行。 I wish I could pass the examination. 我希望我能通过考试。

If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating. 如果下周日下大雪,我们就不能去滑冰了。 If she were to be here next Monday, I would tell her about the matter. 如果她下周一来这儿的话,我就会告诉她这件事的始末。 4、有时,虚拟条件句中,结果主句和条件从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生时,虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。这种条件句叫错综条件句。 ①从句的动作与过去事实相反,而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。 If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too.如果我在学校学习刻苦的话,我现在也会成为一个工程师了 If they had informed us, we would not come here now. 如果他们通知过我们的话,我们现在就不会来这里了。 ②从句的动作与现在事实相反,而主句的动作与过去事实不符。 If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing. 如果他今天有空的话,我们会已经派他去北京了。 If he knew her, he would have greeted her. 要是他认识她的话,他肯定会去问候她了。 5、当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were, should, had时,if可以省略,这时条件从句要用倒装语序,即把were, should, had等词置于句首,这种多用于书面语。 Should he agree to go there, we would send him there.要是他答应去的话,我们就派他去。 Were she here, she would agree with us.如果她在这儿的话,她会同意我们的。 Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here. 如果他懂一些电脑知识的话,我们已经聘用他来这里工作了。 【注意】 若条件从句为否定句,否定词not应置于主语之后,而不能与were,should,had 等缩略成Weren't,Shouldn't,Hadn't而置于句首。 Had it not been for the bad weather we would have arrived on time. 若不是天气坏,我们就准时到达了。 ②有时省略if后提前的had不是助动词: Had I time,I would come. 假若我有时间,我会来的。(=If I had time…) 6、非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来,暗含在副词、介词短语、上下文或其他方式表示出来,这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。 ①将条件会暗含在介词短语中,如without…, but for…,otherwise(要不是因为)等 But for his help, we would be working now. (要不是他的帮助,我们还会在工作呢。

虚拟语气语法讲解与习题

虚拟语气 一.语气的分类: 二.虚拟语气的用法: (一)虚拟语气在if条件句中的用法: ---If I were you, I would give it up. (与现在事实相反) ---If I had taken his advice, I would not have made such a mistake. (与过去事实相反) ---If she came/should come/were to come, I could ask her for help. (与将来事实相反) 2.特殊用法: ①错综时间虚拟条件句:条件从句与主句所指时间不一致,主从句的谓语动词要根据假设的时间来定。 ---If you had followed the doctor’s advice, you would be much better now. ②if条件句虚拟倒装:可以把if从句中的should, were, had置于句首,省略if构成倒装。 ---Were I you, I would give it up. ---Had I taken his advice, I would not have made such a mistake. ---Should she come, I could ask her for help. ③含蓄虚拟条件句:有时假设的情况并不以if引导的条件从句表示出来,而是通过一个介词短语或其他方式表示。常用的词或短语有:without, but for, otherwise, or, but等。 ---Without/But for your help, I could not have succeeded. ---I should have returned the book last week, but I was too busy. (but后为真实情况) ---He was ill, otherwise/or he would have helped us. (otherwise/or前为真实情况) ④特殊的if句虚拟:If it were (had been) not for…“要不是…” ---If it were not for peace, we could not be living a happy life. ---If it had not been for your help, I would have failed. (二)虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法: 1.一些表示坚持,命令,建议,要求的词用于名词性从句中时从句的谓语动词用虚拟(一坚持,二命令,三建议,四要求) ---Our teacher suggested that we (should) study hard. (宾语从句) ---That we (should) study hard was our teacher’s suggestion. (主语从句) ---It was suggested that we (should) study hard. (主语从句) ---Our teacher’s suggestion was that we (should) study hard. (表语从句) ---Our teacher gave us a suggestion that we (should) study hard. (同位语从句) ★suggest表示“暗示”,insist表示“坚持说”时不用虚拟。 ---His pale face suggested that he was ill. ---The old man insisted that I had stolen his money.

高中英语虚拟语气详解和练习(含答案解析)

虚拟语气 第一节语气 英语的动词一般可带有三种不同的语气:陈述语气(Indicative Mood),祈使语气(Imperative Mood)和虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)。不同的语气用动词的不同形式(有的还借助句法形式)来表示。 第二节虚拟语气的概念 虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式,一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实,而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件从句中或让步状语从句中);一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等 (在宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。 第三节虚拟语气在条件句中 1.当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时,被称为:错综时间条件句“,动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整. If you had followed my advice , you would be better now. 如果你听我的建议,你现在就会痊愈了. 2.在条件句中,可省略 if,把were ,had, should 提到句首,变为倒装句式. If you had come earlier, you would have met him. Had you come earlier, you would have met him.

第四节虚拟语气在名词从句中的运用 一、虚拟语气在主语从句中 A.在句型“It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that .... ”中,表示某事 重要、奇怪、自然、必要等;that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用: should + 动词原形(should 可以省略)例如: It’s important that we should take good care of the patient. 重要的是我们要照顾好病人。 这类的形容词还有advisable(可取的),appropriate(适当的),compulsary(必须的),crucial (关键的),desirable(理想的),essential(必要的),imperative(迫切的),important(重要的),possible(可能的),preferable(更好的),probable(可能的),strange(奇怪的),urgent(急迫的),vital(极为重要的)等。 B. 在It is demanded/suggested/ordered/required/recommended/requested/required/. that-clause句型中从句用(should )+动词原型,表示愿望,建议,请求等主观意愿等。 It is demanded that we should work out a plan. C. 在It is a pity/a shame/ no wonderproposal/recommendation/suggestion/surprise/advice that…..句型中从句也常用(should )+动词原型,表示建议,命令,请求,道歉,怀疑,惊奇等。 It’s a pity that you (should) miss a good chance. 二、用于宾语从句 用于表示命令、建议、要求等一类词后面的宾语从句。 insist, suggest, order, command, advise, propose, require, request, demand, desire etc. 注意:suggest 当表示“暗示、表明“讲时,insist 表示”坚持认为“之意时,应用陈述语气。 The teacher suggested that we should clean the blackboard after class. 老师建议我们课后把黑板擦了。 The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work. 他脸上的表情表明他对我们的工作很满意. He insisted that all of us be there on time by any means. 他坚持要求我们大家想尽办法按时去那里。 The man insisted that he had never stolen the money. 那个人坚持说他没有偷钱. 三、用于表语从句和同位语从句 在suggestion / proposal / order / plan / advice / idea / request /desire/ recommendation/resolution 等名词后的表语和同位语从句中要用“should+动词原形” should可以省略. My advice is that you should practice speaking English as often as possible. 我的建议是你要尽可能经常地练习说英语。 The suggestion that the mayor should present the prizes was accepted by everyone. 每个人都接受由市长颁发奖金这一建议。 第五节虚拟语气在其他从句中 1. It is (high / about ) time that…从句中的谓语动词用过去式或should+动词原形,should 不能省略.

英语虚拟语气语法归纳总结

虚拟语气: 表示说的话不是事实,不可能发生或者说可能性很小的情况,表达一种愿望、建议、假设。 if were/did, would do if had done, would have done if were to do/should do, would do 举例: If I were you, I would do nothing about it. If you had taken your teacher’s advice, you wouldn’t have made such a mistake. If it were to/ should rain tomorrow(表示降水率很低),they wouldn’t go shopping. 附注: 虚拟语气,条件状从倒装 状语从句中,去掉if,提前were/ had/ should 如:If I were you, I would give up. →Were I you, I would give up If you had taken the advice, you would have…. →Had you taken the advice, you would have… If the world shou ld come to an end,…… →Should the world come to an end…… 另外,without, but for, otherwise构成的条件状语从句中,也有含蓄的虚拟语气But for the popularization of electricity, we would lead a whole different life today. (popularization 普及,publicity 宣传) Without your help, I would have failed. We’ll go earlier, otherwise we wouldn’t get a seat.(表示可能性小)

英语虚拟语气讲解

虚拟语气 虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)这一语法项目是各类英语考试中心测 试的重点之一。虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式,用来表示说话人所说 的话并不是事实,而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。 Ⅰ用以表示虚拟条件的虚拟语气 虚拟条件句的三种基本类型: 1.与现在事实相反。若与现在事实相反,条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were),主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”: If you took a taxi,you’d get there quicker.如果你坐出租车去,你可以快一点到那里。(但你不坐) If I knew her number I could ring her up. 要是我知道她的电话号码,我就可以给她打电话了。(可惜我不知道) 2.与过去事实相反。若与过去事实相反,条件从句的谓语用过去完成时(had+过去分词),主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+have+过去分词”:If I’d left sooner,I’d have been on time.要是我早点动身,我就准时到了。(但我动身太迟了) If we had found him earlier we could have saved his life. 要是我们当时早点找到他的话,我们就可以救活他。(可惜我们找到他太晚了) 3.与将来事实相反。若与将来事实相反,条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were),主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”: If he went,would you go too? 如果他去,你也去吗?(大概他不会去) If I asked him,I’m sure he’d help us. 如果我向他提出要求,肯定他会帮助我们。(不过我不打算这样做) 大多数的虚拟条件句属于上面三种情况的一种,但并不排除存在条件和 后果中,一个和现在情况相反,另一个和过去情况相反,例如:If you had followed what the doctor said, you would not have been so painful now. 这个句子在高中出现频率颇高。 但是,如果后果用了虚拟语气,而条件却用陈述语气,这种用法是错的。 2. 除了表示虚假条件外,if从句还可以表示对将来的推测,由于是 将来还没有发生的,所以谈不上是真实的还是虚假的,只能说这个事情 发生的可能性有多大。一般情况下,可以用陈述语气的if从句来表示对

(完整)高中英语语法虚拟语气讲解

高中英语语法讲解--虚拟语气 1. 语气的定义和种类 (1)语气的定义 语气是动词的一种形式,它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。 (2)语气的种类 A. 陈述语气 表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的,用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。 We are not ready. Did it rain all day yesterday? What a fine day today! B. 祈使语气 表使说话人的建议、请求、邀请、命令等。 Be careful. Don’t forget to clo se the window. Open the door, please. C. 虚拟语气 表使动作或状态不是客观存在的事实,而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。 2. 虚拟语气 一. 虚拟语气在条件句中的应用 学习虚拟语气在条件句中的用法之前我们必须清楚条件句的种类:条件句有真实条件句与非真实条件句(或称虚拟条件句)两种。真实条件句所表的假设是可能发生或实现的,句中的条件从句与结果主句都用陈述语气。如: If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, I will go for a picnic. 假若明天不下雨,我就去野餐。 Oil floats if you pour it on water. 你如把油倒在水里,油就浮起来。 虚拟条件句所表的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的,句中的条件从句与结果主句皆须用虚拟语气。 1. 与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句,条件从句的谓语用动词的过去式(be的过去式用were), 主句的谓语用should (would, might,could)+动词原形。 如: If it were not raining, we should go for a picnic.如果现在不下雨的话,我们就出去野餐了。 (事实是:天在下雨,我们不能出去野餐。表示愿望。) If he came here, he might be able to help you. 如果他来这,他就能够帮助你了。 (事实是:他没来这,他不可能帮助你。表示对他的良好印象。) 2. 与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句,条件从句的谓语用had+过去分词,主句的谓语用should (would, might,could)+ have +过去分词。 如:She would have gone to the party if she had been invited.

高考虚拟语气用法详解()

高考虚拟语气用法详解 一·语气概述 和时态语态一样,语气也是谓语动词的一种形式,它表明说话者的目的和意图。英语中有三种语气:陈述语气,祈使语气和虚拟语气。(有的语法书说语气有四种,即还包括疑问语气)。 eg:①He doesn’t see very well in his right eye .他右眼视力不太好。(陈述语气) ②Have they ever been to Australia ?他们去过澳大利亚没有?(疑问语气) ③Please read through the instruction in advance .请先通读说明书。(祈使语 气) 二·虚拟语气概述 在英语中,由于说话人的意图不同,动词需用不同的形式,称为语气。虚拟语气是指说话人表示一种假设的情况,一种愿望,怀疑,推测,请求等,即认为动词所表示的动作或状态并非事实。虚拟语气可用于状语从句,名词性从句,定语从句及其他结构中。 三·非真实条件句中的虚拟语气 真实条件句(遵循主将从现原则) A.由If引导的两种条件句: 非真实条件句(虚拟语气) 以下为If在非真实条件句中虚拟语气的形式和用法: 假设类型If从句主句 与现在事实相反did (be用were)should/would/ could/might do 与过去事实相反had done should/would/ could/might have done 与将来事实相反1)did 2)were to do 3)should do should/would/ could/might do eg:①If I were you ,I would reconsider their advice .如果我是你的话,我会重新考虑他们的意见。(与现在事实相反) ②You would not have caught a cold if you had put on more clothes .如果你多穿了些衣服,你就不会得感冒了。(与过去事实相反)

高中英语语法(虚拟语气)

Unit13虚拟语气专题讲解 【知识要点】 语气(mood)是一种动词形式,用以表示说话者的意图或态度。 英语有三种语气: *直陈语气(indicative mood)---- 事实 France lies to the east of England. *祈使语气(imperative mood)---- 请求、命令 Make yourself at home. *虚拟语气(subjunctive mood) If there were no air and water , we should not be able to live on the earth. 虚拟语气表示说话人的一种主观愿望或假想,所说的是一个条件而不一定是事实,或与事实相反。 一. 虚拟语气在if条件状语从句中的用法 假设类型条件从句谓语 动词形式 主语谓语 动词形式 与现在事实相反动词的过去式(be用were而不用was) should/ would /could/ might+动词原形 与过去事实相反had + 过去分词 should/ would/could /might + have+过去分词 与将来事实相反1.should+动词原形 2.动词过去式 3.were to+动词原形 should/ would/ could/ might +动词原形 1. 在错综条件句子中,虚拟条件从句和主句动作发生的时间不一致,因此,主句和从句的谓语动词应根据所指的时间选用适当的虚拟语气形式。 1)If I were you,I wouldn't have missed the film last night. 2)If he had followed the doctor's advice,he would recover already.(从句与过去事实相反,主句与现在事实相反。) 2、在if虚拟条件句中,有时可把连词省去,采用倒装语序把谓语动词were或助动词did,had,should 移到句 首构成非真实条件从句的另一种句型,其意思不变。 1)Had we time to spare,we would be glad to go to the park. 2)Were it not for the discovery of electricity,the modern world would experience great inconvenience. 3、有时假设的情况不用if引导虚拟条件从句来表述,而用介词(如without, but for等)引出的短语、分词 (如supposing等)引出的短语、并列连词(如or,otherwise,but,though等)、由动词suppose引出的祈使句或通过上下文的意思来表达。此时句中谓语动词仍采用虚拟语气的相应形式。 1)But for your advice,I would not be able to do this work. 2)Victor obviously doesn't know what's happened,otherwise he wouldn't have made such a stupid remark.。

英语语法专项:虚拟语气用法详解及练习(附答案)

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高三年级英语语法-虚拟语气全总结

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考研英语语法虚拟语气解析(一)

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