高考英语阅读理解专题训练精品题(14)
高考英语阅读理解专题训练精品题（14）
Passage Four (Examinations Exert a Pernicious Influence on Education)
We might marvel at the progress made in every field of study, but the methods of testing a person’s knowledge and ability remain as primitive as ever they were. It really is extraordinary that after all these years, educationists have still failed to device anything more efficient and reliable than examinations. For all the pious claim that examinations text what you know, it is common knowledge that they more often do the exact opposite. They may be a good means of testing memory, or the knack of working rapidly under extreme pressure, but they can tell you nothing about a person’s true ability and aptitude.
As anxiety-makers, examinations are second to none. That is because so much depends on them. They are the mark of success of failure in our society. Your whole future may be decided in one fateful day. It doesn’t matter that you weren’t feeling very well, or that your mother died. Little things like that d on’t count: the exam goes on. No one can give of his best when he is in mortal terror, or after a sleepless night, yet this is precisely what the examination system expects him to do. The moment a child begins school, he enters a world of vicious competition where success and failure are clearly defined and measured. Can we wonder at the increasing number of ‘drop-outs’: young people who are written off as utter failures before they have even embarked on a career? Can we be surprised at the suicide rate among students?
A good education should, among other things, train you to think for yourself. The examination system does anything but that. What has to be learnt is rigidly laid down by a syllabus, so the student is encouraged to memorize. Examinations do not motivate a student to read widely, but to restrict his reading; they do not enable him to seek more and more knowledge, but induce cramming. They lower the standards of teaching, for they deprive the teacher of all freedoms. Teachers themselves are often judged by examination results and instead of teaching their subjects, they are reduced to training their students in exam techniques which they despise. The most successful candidates are not always the best educated; they are the best trained
in the technique of working under duress.
The results on which so much depends are often nothing more than a subjective assessment by some anonymous examiner. Examiners are only human. They get tired and hungry; they make mistakes. Yet they have to mark stacks of hastily scrawled scripts in a limited amount of time. They work under the same sort of pressure as the candidates. And their word carries weight. After a judge’s decision you have the right of appeal, but not after an examiner’s. There must surely b e many simpler and more effective ways of assessing a person’s true abilities. Is it cynical to suggest that examinations are merely a profitable business for the institutions that run them? This is what it boils down to in the last analysis. The best comment on the system is this illiterate message recently scrawled on a wall: ‘I were a teenage drop-out and now I are a teenage millionaire.’
1.The main idea of this passage is[A] examinations exert a pernicious influence on education.
examinations are ineffective.
[C] examinations are profitable for institutions.
[D] examinations are a burden on students.
2.The author’s attitude toward examinations is
[A]detest.
approval.
[C] critical.
[D] indifferent.
3.The fate of students is decided by[A] education.
institutions.
[C] examinations.
[D] students themselves.
4.According to the author, the most important of a good education is
[A] to encourage students to read widely.
to train students to think on their own.
[C] to teach students how to tackle exams.
[D] to master his fate.
5.Why does the author mention court?
[A] Give an example.
For comparison.
[C] It shows that teachers’ evolutions depend on the results of examinations.
[D] It shows the results of court is more effectise.
Vocabulary
1.pernicious 有害的，恶性的，破坏性的
2.knack 窍门，诀窍
3.embark 乘船，登记
4.write off 勾销，注销。确认某食物已损失或无效
5.syllabus 教学大纲
6.cram 塞入，把某物塞进，突击式学习（尤指应考），以注入方式教人
7.duress 威胁，逼迫
8.stack 堆，垛
9.scrawl 写/画（的内容不工整，不仔细）潦草的笔迹，七扭八歪的字
10.script 讲稿，剧本，脚本，笔试答卷
11.cynical 愤世嫉俗的，自私得为人不齿的
12.boil down 熬浓，浓缩，归纳
难句译注
1. For all the pious claim that examinations test what you know, it is common knowledge that they more often do the exact opposite.
【参考译文】尽管所有那些虔诚的说法说考试能测定你所知道的东西，但其结果常常是适得其反，这是众所周之的常识。
2. As anxiety-makers, examinations are second to none.
【结构简析】second to none固定搭配，义：不亚于任何人或事物。
【参考译文】（测）考试作为忧虑的制造者，真是出类拔萃。
3. induce cramming
诱人采用突击式学习方式。Cram尽力塞入，应试突击学习。EX: cram for a chemistry test.为应付化学考试而临时抱佛脚。Cram pupils以填鸭式教学生。
4. Yet you have to mark stacks of hastily scrawled scripts in a limited amount of time.
【参考译文】他们不得不在限定的时间内，给一大堆匆忙涂写而成的笔试答卷批分。
5. And their word carries weight.
【参考译文】可他们的话/文字（这里指分数）有份量（有影响）。
6. This is what it boils down to in the last analysis.
【参考译文】这就是最终分析所归纳的一切。
写作方法与文章大意
这是一篇类似分类写作的文章。罗列了考试种种恶果。作者首先指出考试难以测定人的真正能力和水平，反而是适得其反。二是考试是忧虑的制造者，因为它决定了人的成败命运。三是考试促使学校进行应试技巧教育，否定了教会人独立思考、扩大视野。四是教师或者说测试人又累又饿，犯错误，还得在限定时间披阅成堆的试卷，他们的压力和考试者一样很大，而他们的话――分数有份量，审判官的裁决，你有权上诉，而他们的裁决――一笔定终身。
最后引用“辍学者成为百万富翁”来点明测试这种形式对教育的坏影响。
答案详解
1. A考试对教育具有有害的影响。文章第一段就点明：考试是测试记忆的好方法，是测试在巨大压力下快速工作的技巧的好方法，却测不出一个人的真正能力和水平。第三段集中指出：考试不是促进学生广泛阅读，反而限制其阅读；考试不能使学生追求更多的知识，而是诱导学生进行应付考试的突击式学习。他们降低了教学水平，因为他们剥夺了老师的一切自由。常常以考试结果而不是所教课程来评定老师，是他们不得不以他们所轻视的考试技巧来培训学生。第二段和第四段也涉及其后果。
B.考试无效。这是考试后果的一个方面。
C.考试对教育机构有利。这也是一个方面。
D.考试对学生是一种负担。
2. C批评的。第一段中作者明确指出，考试方法依旧，不能测出人的能力和水平。
第二段点名，这种无用的考试决定人生的成败。第三段说考试最成功的考试者经常不是最佳的受教育者，他们是在胁迫下最佳获得考试技巧者，而好的教育应能培养人的独立思考。第四段涉及阅卷者又累又饿，常犯错误，不得不在限定时间披阅一大堆匆忙中七扭八歪写出的卷子。最后一句“我过去是一个是来岁的辍学者，现在我是一个年轻的百万富翁”画龙点睛地指出，考试指挥下的教育的失败。这一切都说明作者对考试的批评态度。
A.嫌恶，厌恶。此答案从意义上说是对的。但语法不通，因为这是个东西，而is后要求是名词或形容词。
B.赞成。D.漠不关心的。
3. C考试。答案在第二段，考试是最终忧虑制造者，那是因为许多事情取决于考试：它们是我们社会中成功或失败的标志。你的未来可能全取决于这决定性的一天。
A.教育。
B.教育机构。D.学生自己。
4. B培养学生进行独立思考。第三段第一句话点明：好的教育应该是培养学生自己独立思考。
A.鼓励学生广泛阅读。教学生如何应考。C.教学生如何应考。D.掌握自己命运。
5. B作对比，答案在最后一段倒数第二句“审判官裁决后，你有权力上诉，而披阅考卷人给分后，学生可没有上诉权”后面又谈及“一想到考试只对进行考试的机构有礼，未免太自私了。这酒是最终分析归纳的东西。”所以作者呼吁，可定还有许多更简便，更有效的评估人真正能力的方法。
A.给出一个例子。C.表示老师是由考试结果评定好坏。这是第三段讲的不分内容，教师他们自己常由考试结果而不是所教课程优劣来评定。所以他们不得不对学生进行应试技巧教育，降低教学水平。D.表明审判官裁决更有效。
阅读理解--------D
Hannah Teter looks like a typical teenager, not someone you would expect to see in a luxurious (奢华的) hotel. But that’s exactly where she was, transformed from a small town girl with big dreams to a gold-medal snowboarder getting the big-time "star" treatment.
Ever since her incredible performance in the 2006 Winter Olympic Games in Torino, Italy, Hannah has been showered with attention. She’s done countless interviews, appearing on shows like Jim my Kimmel and David Letterman. It’s a long way from Belmont, Vermont, with its population of 421 people.
"I grew up in a tiny town and a small school, I was just this hometown girl,"
said Hannah, during a break at the World Congress of Sport, a major conference about the business of sports being held in New York City. While her life has definitely changed in the last few weeks, one thing remains the same — her positive attitude. "The funny thing is that I still feel like an ordinary snowboard girl... People ask me, ‘So has your head gotten any bigger?’ but I don’t feel like it’s gotten any bigger. I still feel normal."
What’s the biggest lesson that Hannah has learned through her unbelievable success？"I grew up in Vermont, "Hannah said. "I have that kind of background where life’s about snowboarding, but it’s so much more than that. This is an opportunity to get out there and maybe make a change in the world."
And it looks like she is doing just that. She is starting a sugar brand named "Hannah’s Gold", a nd the profits(利润) will go to World Vision, an international charity that helps everyone from orphans（孤儿）in Asia to AIDS victims in Africa. "People come up to me and they’re excited about what I’ve done, "Hannah said." And that makes me excited, because I love what I do."
68．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A．A Snowboarder B．Work for Sports
C．Hannah’s Gold D．A Successful Life
69．What do you know about Hannah Teter according to the passage?
A．She is the world’s best compet ition snowboarder.
B．She is a modest snowboarder with great success.
C．People are afraid that her head has gotten much bigger.
D．The key to her success lies in her snowboarding family.
70．How does Hannah make a change in the world after becoming a champion?
A．She contributes to World Vision.
B．She remains positive and modest in life.
C．She frequently appears on entertainment shows.
D．She helps children in World Vision orphaned by AIDS.
【参考答案】68--70、CBA
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选面中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。将答案写在答题纸上。
“Any fool can criticize, condemn, and complain (抱怨) but it takes character and self control to be understanding and forgiving.”— Dale Carnegie If we really want to be happy, why do we act like such babies?
We can claim(声称) to be proactive（主动的）in our life by settings goals and going after what we want. But if we’re always whining and complaining all the time, are we really living effectively?
71 Whether it be being stuck in traffic, being bothered by the weather, not enough mustard on your sandwich, or whatever it is, there are endless instances where you can find a reason to complain.
But it’s not just outside circumstances that we complain about. 72 We complain about about ourselves too. We complain that we don’t have enough ti me, we don’t have enough money (this one is huge because it’s often “true”), that we’re not smart enough, cool enough, or just enough.
73 I never really thought about it much until I found this website about “living in a complain free world.”
Imagine how much happier you would be if you simply stopped complaining? Much of what you complain about is outside of your control anyway. What’s the point of brooding about something you have no power to change? 74
Simply becoming conscious of how much you complain is the first step to stopping. When you recognize that you’re complaining, stop and take notice of it. Ask yourself if you would rather complain, or be happy.
75
A．We complain about ourselves too.
B．Not very intelligent, if you ask me.
C．Why c an’t we complain about things around us?
D．Are you ready to live a complaint – free, happier life?
E．What you’re complaining about may make you quite unhappy.
F．If you don’t believe me, count how many times you complain in one day.
G．I’ve experienced lots of unpleasantness for complaining about things I can’t control.
参考答案 71~75 FAGBD
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A.B.C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Internet dating has become one of the biggest and most successful business ventures on the Internet．Basically, Internet dating is a way to meet people for either friendship or dating without actually having to meet them in person first．The first thing to do it you decide to try Internet dating is to build your profile （简介） which can include your hobbies, hopes for the future, and so on．A photograph is optional, but many sites claim that a photograph increases the number of people who look at your profile．Many Internet dating sites will charge a one-lime registration fee to use their services.
Internet dating makes it possible to meet people from all over the world．You can even narrow the search down to your area by zip code．Another advantage is that you can communicate by e-mail before you meet in person．Thousands of people have met, fallen in love, and married through Internet dating．It is an excellent way for shy people to meet．It is also a way for people with busy lives to connect with others, and an easy way to meet people who share your interests．
Just as in traditional dating and love, there are some pitfalls to be aware of in Internet dating．The person you have been talking to on the Net may not be who they say they are, Be very aware that there are some people who misrepresent their appearance or private details, such as marital status, income, and so on, for their own reasons．It would not be the first time that someone has been taken in, and talk shows are full of cheating partners who have been caught dating over the Internet in their spare time．Nevertheless, taking a few simple precautions should help ensure that your Internet dating experience is fun．
1．The purpose of writing the passage is to _____．
A．persuade readers to go dating on the Internet
B．inform us how to date on the Internet
C．warn readers against web love
D．introduce Internet dating to us
2．Which of the following is a must to make an Internet dating possible?
A．A photo．B． A profile．
C．Money．D．Business experience．
3．One advantage of Internet dating is that _____．
A．you can avoid a face-to-face meeting in the beginning
B．you're sure to find a partner with the same interests
C．you'll find absolutely dependable information of others
D．you'll gain fame and money overnight
4．What is probably talked about following the last paragraph?
A．Traditional dating．B．Hidden advantages．
C．Safety measures．D．Romantic love．
5．The underlined word "pitfalls" in Paragraph 4 most probably means ______ A．rules B．trends C．problems D．skills
【参考答案】1—5、DBACC
高考英语阅读理解训练50篇
阅读理解训练50篇（1） 1 Doctors say anger can be an extremely damaging emotion, unless you learn how to deal with it. They warn that anger can lead to heart disease, stomach problems, headaches, emotional problems and possibly cancer. Anger is a normal emotion that we all feel from time to time. Some people express anger openly in a calm reasonable way. Others burst with anger, and scream and yell.But other people keep their anger inside. They can not or will not express it. This is called repressing anger. For years many doctors thought that repressing anger was more dangerous to a person's health than expressing it. They said that when a person is angry, the brain releases the same hor- mones (荷尔蒙).They speed the heart rate, raise blood pressure, or sugar into the blood, etC．In general the person feels excited and ready to act. Some doctors say that both repressing and expressing anger can be dangerous. They believe that those who express anger violently may be more likely to develop heart disease, and they believe that those who keep their anger inside may face a greater danger of high blood pressure. Doctors say the solution is learning how to deal with anger. They say the first step is to admit that you are angry and to recognize the real cause of the anger, then decide if the cause is serious enough to get angry about. If it is, they say, “Do not express your anger while angry. Wait until your anger has cooled down and you are able to express yourself calmly and reasonably.” Doctors say that a good way to deal with anger is to find humor in the situation that has made you angry. They said that laughter is much healthier than anger. 1．“Damaging emotion” means t hat _________. A．the emotion is harmless B．the emotion is harmful C．the feeling is very strong D．the feeling is hard 2．What statement is right? A．Were you angry, you would be cancered (得癌症). B．Once you are angry, you must be cancered. C．Angry as you are often, you can't be cancered, D．Anger may cause you a cancer. 3．Expressing anger violently _________ repressing it according to some scientists. A．is just the same as B．is more harmful than C．is no better than D．is much better than 4．According to the author, you'd better _________. A．never be angry B．cool it down before you express it C．laugh and laugh when you get angry D．admit you are wrong when you are angry 二
【英语】高考英语阅读理解练习题及答案
【英语】高考英语阅读理解练习题及答案 一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解 There might be as many as 10 million species of complex life on this planet today —— a huge number. But add up all of the complex species that ever lived and some biologists think the grand total would be about five billion. The estimate leads to an astonishing conclusion: a staggering 99% of species are not around any more. They have been driven to extinction. More species are joining the ranks of the extinct every year. Many scientists believe we are living through an episode of remarkably rapid extinction, on a scale that has been seen only five times in the last half a billion years. They call this current episode the sixth mass extinction —— a large, global decline in a wide variety of species over a relatively short period of time. And they tend to agree that humans are the main cause. Over-hunting, overfishing, and human-driven habitat loss are pushing many species to the brink. In fact, we have changed the planet so much that some geologists are now suggesting that we have entered a new phase in Earth's history; an epoch they call the ＂Anthropocene＂. By 2100, it is expected that humans will have caused the extinction of up to half of the world's current species. Because we are living through this extinction, it is relatively easy for us to study the driving forces behind it. But how do we determine what caused other mass die-offs that happened long ago? To do so we have to look at what archaeologists, palaeontologists, geologists and other scientists have concluded from the evidence they have gathered. The trouble is, those scientists do not always agree with one another —— even about the most recent extinction event. As well as the five-or six- mass extinctions, there have also been many smaller extinctions. One of these mini extinction events happened towards the end of the Pleistocene, a few tens of thousands of years ago. It is sometimes called the ＂megafaunal＂ extinction because many of the species it claimed were particularly large animals, weighing more than 97lb (44kg). However, its cause remains a debate amongst scientists. （1）What can we learn about the sixth mass extinction？ A. Humans are the main cause of it. B. It means a global decline over a long time. C. It occurred towards the end of the Pleistocene. D. Scientists still disagree about the cause of it. （2）What can be inferred from the text about species？ A. 99% of species will not be around any more by 2100. B. By the 22nd century, there will probably be about five million on this planet. C. About eight years later we will enter what is called the ＂Anthropocene＂. D. It is not easy for us to figure out causes behind the＂Anthropocene＂. （3）Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the last paragraph ? A. Land animals. B. Marine life. C. Huge animals. D. Flesh-eating creatures.
高考英语阅读理解专项训练100篇(附答案)
高考英语阅读理解专项训练100篇 (名师传授解题技巧+实战练习，值得下载) 一、阅读理解解题技巧 阅读理解题是考查学生对活的语言材料的理解能力，即通过阅读材料获得信息的能力。具体说来，阅读理解能力测试的主要要求是：（1）掌握所读材料的主旨大意，以及用以说明主旨大意的事实和细节；（2）既理解具体事实，也理解抽象的概念；（3）既理解字面意思，也理解深层含义，包括作者的态度、意图等；（4）既理解某句、某段的意义，也理解全篇的逻辑关系，并能根据文章进行推理和判断；（5）既能根据材料所提供的信息去理解，也能结合中学生应有的常识去理解。根据这几项能力测试的要求，试题中常采用如下几种题型：事实询问题、推理判断题、数据推算题、识图解意题和主旨大意题。根据这一测试要求和题型设计，答题时可以采取如下解题技巧和对策。 1．首先解题时要充满自信。由于平时有些同学对做阅读理解时存在一种畏惧心理，因此考试做题时心理就难免会产生紧张感，特别是阅读时再遇到几个生词就头脑发胀，从而使自己的思路更加模糊不清。其实这是完全没有必要的，因为阅读中遇到几个生词或几个难以理解的句子是常有的事，也是正常现象。因为按大纲要求，试卷中允许有不超过3%的生词，只要认真分析，仔细阅读，这些生词和句子很可能并不影响你的解题。所以答题之前首先要有必胜的信心。 2．扫读全文，理解全文主旨大意。拿到一篇文章，首先要快速扫读全文，虽为扫读，但不可漫不经心，阅读时也应聚精会神，力求可能多地获取材料信息，只是这次遇到生词和难句先不必去处理，不要因纠缠文中的个别生词和难句而影响了对全文的主旨大意的了解。
3．对症下药，各个击破。了解全文的大概意思之后，再把短文的问题简单看一遍，弄懂题意，然后带着问题再去寻读全文。这次阅读过程中要善于抓文章中的关键词句。寻读也就是迅速的查找需要了解的信息，是为某些特定的问题而阅读，因此阅读时要有较强的针对性，对与问题有关的数据，词句等仔细阅读，认真理解，同时结合不同考查内容的题型，采取如下解题对策： （1）事实询问题：这类试题通常是以疑问词what，who，when，where，why，how 等引起的特殊问句，就文章中某一词语、某一句子、某一段落或某一具体细节和事实进行提问。解答此类试题首先要弄清题目和每一个选项的含义，然后按题目要求寻找与之相关的细节，正确估计答案来源，同时注意题目和文章中的暗示作用。特别注意辨别各种信息，确认各种信息。 （2）推理判断题：此题要求我们通过表面文字信息去推测文章隐含的意思，对文章的发展情节及作者的态度、意图等做出合乎逻辑的的推理判断。这种题要求我们在阅读时要抓住文章的主题和细节、从分析文章的结构入手，根据上下文的内在联系，充分挖掘文章的深层含义。对暗含在文章中事件的因果关系，人物的动机，以及作者未言明的倾向、态度、意图、观点进行合乎逻辑的推理、分析和判断。同时善于抓住文中实质性的东西，不要被带假象的表面信息或似是而非的东西所迷惑。并且注意推断作者态度时要力求从作者的态度、观点去思考，切勿想当然，凭个人的观点习惯看法来回答的问题。 （3）数据推算题：此题要求我们就文章提供的数据，以及数据与文章中其他信息的关系做出计算和推断，然后做出选择。这就要求我们解题时，要在理解好题意的前提下去对与数据有关的信息认真分析，若数据信息较多，还要注意弄清数据之间的关系，同时分清有用与无用信息，最终作出正确判断。 （4）主旨大意题：此题用以考查我们对文章主题或中心思想的领会和理解能力。在解答此类试题时要注意每段的中心句，抓住每一段的主题句。一般主题句都用来表达一段主旨大意，因此，只要找准每段的主题句，文章的中心思想和文章的最佳标题也就不难确定了。
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