高二英语语法填空教案1(1)
课题Rational Cloze
课时
共 1 课
时
本节第 1 课
时
选用教材人教版课型复习
教学目
标
了解语法填空的出题思路，挖空角度和应对策略。
重点
实词的词性及词形变化
难点词汇在具体语境中的灵活运用。
关键记住词意及用法，在具体语境中会翻译，会找题眼。教学方法
及课前准备
讲练结合预习学案
教学流程多媒体辅助教学内容
Step1.dictation
Step2.review the words
Step3 Rational Cloze
一、考查语法。每一个空格的设置都必定涉及到某一条或某几条语法规则，不会单纯考查单词的拼写和词组的用法。
例 1 In Greece, women 。
点评：此题看起来好像是考查填入恰当的名词，但实际上是考查定语从句。
二、考虑语境。既然采用短文的形式来考查语法，其目的就是要利用短文有较强语境的特点来命题，否则，就不如用单句来考查语法了。也就是说，考生要填出正确答案，至少需理解整个句子的意思或各分句之间的逻辑关系，或者需要理解前后几个句子，甚至整个段落或篇章。
例3 Several changes many cities control efforts…
解析：在冠词the后必定是名词，再根据下句可确定要填cities。
点评：本题若只根据设空句本身，而不阅读并理解下文，是不可能填出正确答案的。三、考点分散。基本上一个空格代表一个语法点，10个空有可能涉及到10个语法点，至少也得有7个语法点。笔者认为，即使对一些非常重要的语法项目，如动词时态、非谓语动词、不定代词等，单独一项也可能是一空，至多两空，设三空的可能性是极小的。四、适当提示。但是若涉及到动词的时态、语态、非谓语动词、词类转换等需要词形变化的空格.
例4 Oil prices by 32 percent since the start of the year, _____(reach) a record US$ 57.65 a barrel on April 4.
解析：reach及后面的内容是伴随着谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果，用现在分词作状语，故填reaching。
例5 It would be ______ (believe) that such an ，答案为unbelievable。
三、备考策略
1．不断记忆，积累词汇。
语法填空题对单词提出了比以前更高的要求，它不但要求考生认识单词，还要求能写出一些要求的单词。这就要求考生平时不断地记忆单词，不断地积累词汇，千方百计地把我们的词汇量提高上去。考试时才能随心所欲的写出单词，填出固定搭配。
2．夯实基础，学好语法。
英语的基础知识琐碎繁杂，不是一朝一夕就能掌握的，它要求我们平时多听，多读，多记，夯实自己的基础知识；我们还要坚定不移地加强语法的学习，尤其是长句、难句、复杂句的分析。只有这样，才能为综合能力的提高打下坚实的基础。
Will _1_ matter if you don’t take your breakfast? Recently a test __2__＿(give) in the United Sates. Those tests included people of different ____3___ from 12 to 83. During the experiment, these people were given all kinds of breakfasts, and sometimes they got __4_ breakfast at all. Special tests were set up to see ___5___ well their bodies worked and when they __6_certain kind of breakfast. The results show that if a person eats a proper breakfast, works ___9__ more quickly and listen with___10__ (much) attention in class.
课堂同步练习：
课堂要求学生掌握的内容：
板
书
设
计
完成学案上习题
课后作业
第（1）课时
课题：书法---写字基本知识
课型：新授课
教学目标：1、初步掌握书写的姿势，了解钢笔书写的特点。2、了解我国书法发展的历史。3、掌握基本笔画的书写特点。
重点：基本笔画的书写。
难点：运笔的技法。
教学过程：
一、了解书法的发展史及字体的分类：
1、介绍我国书法的发展的历史。
2、介绍基本书体：颜、柳、赵、欧体，分类出示范本，边欣赏边讲解。
二、讲解书写的基本知识和要求：
1、书写姿势：做到“三个一”：一拳、一尺、一寸（师及时指正）
2、了解钢笔的性能：笔头富有弹性；选择出水顺畅的钢笔；及时地清洗钢笔；选择易溶解的钢笔墨水，一般要固定使用，不能参合使用。换用墨水时，要清洗干净；不能将钢笔摔到地上，以免笔头折断。
三、基本笔画书写
1、基本笔画包括：横、撇、竖、捺、点等。
2、教师边书写边讲解。
3、学生练习，教师指导。
（姿势正确）4、运笔的技法：起笔按，后稍提笔，在运笔的过程中要求做到平稳、流畅，末尾处回锋收笔或轻轻提笔，一个笔画的书写要求一气呵成。在运笔中靠指力的轻重达到笔画粗细变化的效果，以求字的美观、大气。5、学生练习，教师指导。（发现问题及时指正）四、作业：完成一张基本笔画的练习。
板书设计：写字基本知识、一拳、一尺、一寸
我的思考：通过导入让学生了解我国悠久的历史文化，激发学生学习兴趣。这是书写的起步，让学生了解书写工具及保养的基本常识。基本笔画书写是整个字书写的基础，必须认真书写。课后反思：学生书写的姿势还有待进一步提高，要加强训练，基本笔画也要加强训练。
总第（2）课时
课题：书写练习1
课型：新授课
教学目标：1、教会学生正确书写“杏花春雨江南”6个字。2、使学生理解“杏花春雨江南”的意思，并用钢笔写出符合要求的的字。
重点：正确书写6个字。
难点：注意字的结构和笔画的书写。
教学过程：
一、小结课堂内容，评价上次作业。
二、讲解新课：
1、检查学生书写姿势和执笔动作（要求做到“三个一”）。
2、书写方法是：写一个字看一眼黑板。（老师读，学生读，加深理解。）
3、书写教学“杏花春雨江南”6个字。
杏：上大下小，上面要写得大，大在哪里？（大在撇捺）写的时候撇捺要舒展，象燕子张开的翅膀；下面的“口”要写得小，左右两竖要内斜，稍扁；“木”的竖写在竖中线上。
花：也是上下结构，草字头两竖要内斜；下面单人旁起笔对准上面的左竖，竖弯钩起笔对准上面的右竖；竖弯钩要舒展，（用红笔描竖弯钩，并在旁边书写一个大的竖弯钩）要求弯处圆转，不能僵硬（书写僵硬的竖弯钩，并在旁边打×）。
春：上部三横都是短横，收笔处不要顿；撇画最长，捺画从哪里起笔？从第三横下面起笔，不能碰到撇；下面“日”的两竖要竖直，不能斜。
雨：旁边两竖要内斜，上横短，中竖写在竖中线上；从下面看，哪一笔最低？钩最低，中竖最短；四个点都是斜点。
江：左右结构，左窄右宽左边三点水第二点略向外展；右边“工”字上横是短横，下横是长
横；中竖略斜。
南：上横短；下边两竖内斜；框架中两横都是短的，中间一竖悬针；三个竖画左、中差不多长，右竖钩最低；横折钩要写出弯势。
4、学生练习，教师巡回指导。
三、讲评：
收上学生的作业，进行批改和评比，对写得好的进行表扬，并加盖☆符号章，然后贴在展示板上，向学生展示。
板书设计：书写练习1、杏花春雨江南
我的思考：进一步加强写字姿势训练，这是根本。在了解字结构的基础上更好的把握每个字的书写。及时对书写情况进行反馈，同时通过奖励激发学生兴趣。
课后反思：通过字形的比较，学生基本上学会了笔画位置的比较，但是还需要不断的引导。第（3）课时
课题：书写练习2
课型：新授课
教学目标：1、掌握车字旁写法，并能把“轻”字写端正。2、完成书写练习。
重点：正确地书写“轻”字
难点：“车”字旁的书写。
教学过程：
一、讲评上一课作业情况。
1、表扬书写优秀者，展示其作业。
2、指出存在的主要缺点并进行针对性的练习。
二、指导“车”字旁写法：
1、出示范字，观察“车”字旁写法。
2、讨论明确其书写要领：“车”字旁分四笔完成，整个偏旁左重右轻，不超过竖中线。第一笔横稍短。第二笔撇折收笔于横中线。第三笔垂露竖，应在第一笔横下的正中位置起笔。最后一笔，比第一横长一些，离折笔稍近一些。
3、练写“车”字旁。
三、指导临写“轻”字。
1、观察范字。
2、明确写法。
“轻”字的写法：“轻”字左窄右宽，右边的第一笔起笔与左边的第一笔短横相齐平，底部大体相齐，右边上下两部分基本相等。
四、课后延伸
书写：斩、转
板书设计：书写练习2、轻、斩、转
我的思考：以复习巩固导入，并有针对地进行纠正。明确字的重心及每个笔画在田字格中分布的位置，使学生初步掌握字的结构特点。在练习书写“车”字旁的基础上，更好的把握整个字的字形。课后及时巩固，拓展。
课后反思：学生基本上能把握好字在田字格中的位置，处理好左右的布局。
第（4）课时
课题:结构特点（六）
课型:新授课
教学目标: 1、懂得以宝盖头、穴字头等作为字头的字宜上大而下小。2、通过练习，写好课文中的例字。
重点:掌握以宝盖头、穴字头等作为字头的字宜上大而下小
难点:把握好字的结构。
教学过程：
一、复习巩固
二、教学新课
1.讲解以宝盖头、穴字头等作为字头的字
（1）教师讲解字头的书写。（2）学生练习书写，教师指导书写。（3教师根据实际情况小结，提出要求。
2.指导书写例字
（1）出示例字：“宝”：首先要控制好字头，摆正位置，下面的“玉”字占格子的一半以上，特别是最后一横宜稍长，使整个字立正。“穷”：下面的力字宜正，不宜写得太小。（其余字略）（2）学生练习，师巡回指导。3、提出注意点三、讲评：收上学生的作业，进行批改和评比，对写得好的进行表扬，并加盖☆符号章，然后贴在展示板上，向学生展示。
板书设计：结构特点（6）宝、穷、写、会、奔
我的思考：使学生更好的把握好字的结构，同时在教师的指导下提高学生辨别能力。激励学生更好的书写。
第（5）课时
课题：怎样写好字
课型：复习课
教学目标：1、让学生能够正确认识，端正态度。
教学过程：
一、正确的学书之路
1．临帖
临帖是学习书法的最根本的方法。古往今来，没有一个书法家是不经临习而成功的，没有一个字写得好的人是不经过临帖的。只有临帖，取法唐楷、晋行、汉隶、秦篆等传统的东西，才会有所获。
2．专一
学书首先应师承一家，建立根据地，然后再发展。这就有一个选帖的问题，选帖的标准：①好帖；②喜欢。选定帖后专心致志，认真临习，坚持不懈，直至形同神似。这个时期检验你学习得怎样，首先看临得像不像，再看笔法笔意。
3．博采众长
当对一本帖或一家书体临习达到形同神似之后，就要广涉其他好帖，取其营养加以吸收消化，融会贯通。
4．字外功夫
练字的同时经常要多读书，多掌握方方面面的知识，加强自身修养。总之一句话，加强字外功夫的训练。
在此基础上，逐步形成自己的风格，便自成一家。
综上所述，我们可以把正确的学书之路概括为：
二、科学的学书方法
明确了正确的学书之路之后，我们还要掌握科学的学习方法，有了科学的学习方法，就可得到较好的学习效果。
1．临帖和摹帖
这既是正确学书之路的开端，又是正确学书方法中的根本点，必须坚信不疑，坚定不移。
摹帖和临帖各有优点，效果各异。姜夔《续书谱》中说：“临书易失占人位置，而多得古人笔意，摹书易得古人位置，而多失古人笔意，临书易进，摹书易忘。”其中的“笔意”即指笔法、笔势及线条意趣。“临”的方法就是看着字帖，照着写。只要仔细地临，便容易掌握笔法笔意．从而把范本的精髓学到手。“摹”的方法，就是用薄纸蒙在帖上，直接地描画。所以字形基本上不会走样，多摹几遍，有利于把握结构。但摹书看不清笔法，“易失笔意”，虽然间架不错．但没有笔法，字就僵化。所以，初学者可以临摹并用，相互补充。
2．每天定量
事实证明，任何事情都有一个由量变到质变的过程，练字也一样，写得太少，练习量跟不上，就谈不上进步；当然盲目机械地多写，疲倦了效果也不好。一定的量才能达到的一定的效果，较佳的量才能达到较佳的效果。
3．循序渐进
学习书法，在勤学苦练的基础上，还应该懂得它是一个循序渐进的过程：
第一，先正楷，后行草。苏轼说：“真生行，行生草。真如立，行如行，草如走。”就是说楷、行、草书三者如同人的立、走、跑，如果人连站都不能站，怎么能走和跑呢？如果没有楷书基础，直接写行书、草书，就会疏于法度，流于轻滑飘浮。行书、草书是楷书的流、便、疏、散，学好楷书之后，加强用笔的流动呼应，行草就容易上手。等到楷法熟练，再写行草时．便可悟到两者相通之处，可相辅相成，互相促进，相得益彰。
第三，先点画，后结构，再章法。书法是线条的艺术，也就是以基本点画为基础的艺术。基本点画不好，整字或整篇的艺术性就无从谈起。由于钢笔尖性硬，在线条变化上相对简单得多，故钢笔书法学习在结构上花的时间多，而在用笔、点画上相对较少。但这并不是说点画用笔不重要，相反，它是钢笔书法的基本功，只有在点画书写的基本功扎实之后，才可能去把握结构。在结构上有了一定的基础后，整幅字的章法就容易把握了。
第（6）课时
课题：结构特点（七）
课型：新授课
教学目标：1、了解“皿”、“土”等做字底的字的结构特点，学习这类字的写法。2、通过练习，写好课文中的例字。
重点：掌握字的结构，学习写法。
教学过程：
一、观察例字，进行讨论：
（1）这些字是什么结构？（2）它们分别是什么字底？（3）书写上有什么特点？
二、教师示范小结
三、指导要点
盘：上半部分宜瘦长，下面要宽扁。
皇：“白”字头是方形结构的，要写的紧凑些，略小；“王”上两横短，下横长，略大。
至：第一横不要太斜，撇折点也不要太斜；下面的“土”要端正，下横要长。
竖：上半部分要摆好位置，左右不要分开；下面的“立”，点在正中，上横短，点撇要呼应，下横适当拉长。
四、学生练习，教师指导。
五、收上学生的作业，进行批改和评比，对写得好的进行表扬，并加盖☆符号章，然后贴在展示板上，向学生展示。
板书设计：结构特点（七）、盘至竖
我的思考：通过自主观察来了解字形。在逐字的教学指导中使学生学会自主分析，养成良好的学习习惯。
课后反思：部分学生在练习中还需要指导。
第（7）课时
课题：结构特点（八）
课型：新授课
教学目标：1、了解上下相同、左右相同这类字的结构特点，学习这类字的写法。2、通过练习，写好课文中的例字。
重点：掌握这类字的结构，学习写法。
教学过程：
一、例字，再说说它们有什么共同的特点。
二、读课文中的一段话，说说这段话的意思。
三、教师示范并小结。
四、范字指导提要
哥：下面的部分要先写“口”再写竖钩，注意笔顺。
竹：左竖回锋，有撇略高于和长于左撇。
羽：左小右大，其中的4点要摆好位置，使其显得丰满些。
吕、昌：口和曰要写成扁方形，上下重复，上小下大。
兢：语文课文中还没有出现过，这个字可只让学生知道其书写方法，左边的竖弯钩改成竖提。
五、收上学生的作业，进行批改和评比，对写得好的进行表扬，并加盖☆符号章，然后贴在展示板上，向学生展示。
板书设计：结构特点（八）、哥羽
我的思考：通过自主观察来了解字形。在逐字的教学指导中使学生学会自主分析，养成良好的学习习惯。
课后反思：基本上能把握学生的字形，但在细节上还要加强指导。
第（8）课时
课题：结构特点（九）
课型：新授课
教学目标：1、了解左右偏旁比例不等的特点，学习这些字的写法。2、通过书写练习，写好课文中的例字。
重点：掌握这类字的结构，学习写法。
教学过程：
一、先看看例字，再说说它们有什么特点。
二、读读课文，说说这些例字的书写有什么规律。
三、教师示范并小结。
四、范字指导提要
峰：“山”字旁略高，右半的长撇长捺要舒展。
和、知：右“口”一般比左“口”大，并比左“口”略低。
催：左让右，单人旁撇短些，不要太斜；右半部分上下平稳，高大些。
说：言字旁横向左取势，不宜过宽，转折时要对准上面的点，提和下一笔呼应，并注意提的角度。
五、收上学生的作业，进行批改和评比，对写得好的进行表扬，并加盖☆符号章，然后贴在展示板上，向学生展示。
板书设计：结构特点（九）、峰催说
我的思考：通过自主观察来了解字形。在逐字的教学指导中使学生学会自主分析，养成良好的学习习惯。
课后反思：学生对于字形复杂的字在结构上还需要指导练习。
第（9）课时
课题：结构特点（十）
课型：新授课
教学目标： 1、了解左中右结构字的构字特点，学习这类字的写法。2、通过书写练习，写好课文中的例字。
重点：掌握这类字的结构，学习写法。
教学过程：
(英语)高二英语语法填空真题汇编(含答案)及解析
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高中英语语法填空专题训练和答案
Before the 17th century, most of the native English speakers lived in England. After the 17th century, British people began to move to other ___66___ (country). Gradually, English was spoken there. At present ___67___ (many) people speak English as their first, second or a foreign language than ever before. ___68___ (luck), native English speakers can understand each other even if they don't speak the same kind of English. English ___69___ (change) and developed when cultures met and communicated with each other over the past centuries. The English ___70___ (speak) in England between about AD450 and 1150 was very different ___71___ the modern English we speak today. It was the new settlers that enriched the English language and ___72___ (especial) its vocabulary. The English language was settled by the 19th century ___73___ two big changes in English spelling happened. English now is also spoken as a foreign ___74___second language in South Asia. China may have the ___75___ (large) number of English learners. 66.countries 【答案】countryother修饰用复数形式，指其他的国家。故是可数名词，此处由【解析】考查名词。countries. 填67. more 【答案】than ever before可知含有和以前比较的意思，要用比较级考查比较级。根据句中的【解析】more. 表示更多的人，故填68. Luckily 【答案】“”Luckily. ，故填【解析】考查副词。此处单独使用作状语要用副词形式，指幸运的是69. has changed 【答案】over the past centuries可知与现在完成时连用，主【解析】考查时态。根据句意和时间状语has changed. 语是单数，故填70. spoken 【答案】Englishspeak是被动关系，此处是过去分词作定语，故填和动词【解析】考查过去分词。． spoken. 71. from 【答案】be different from“…”from. ，是固定短语。故填和【解析】考查固定短语。不同72. especially 【答案】especial“”especially“”。特殊的，特别的是副词是形容词；尤其，特别【解析】考查副词。“”especially. ，故填尤其，特别此处指新的定居者丰富了英语，尤其是它的词汇。表示73. when 【答案】“…”，从句时态是过去时，故填当【解析】考查连词。此处引导时间状语从句，表示时候when. 74. or 【答案】or. 【解析】考查连词。此处表示选择，指作为第一语言或第二语言被说，故填 75. largest 【答案】【解析】考查形容词最高级。因为中国人口最多所以说英语的人也最多，此处由the修饰用 I had just visited my best friend in hospital with my mum,___41___hadn't seen my friend since she'd gone into hospital six months earlier. I knew where she was coming from as she was___42___(grave)ill, but as I'd been visiting her every week I had stopped seeing the obvious; my friend___43___(lose)most of her body weight
(完整版)高中英语语法填空专题训练和答案
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(完整)高中英语语法填空20篇
（1） In the United States, there were 222 people ____1____ (report) to be billionaires(亿万富翁) in 2003. The ____2_____ of these is Bill Gates, worth at least $ 41 billion, who made his money ____3____ starting the company Microsoft. Mr. Gates was only 21 years old _____4____ he first helped to set up the company in 1976. He was a billionaire _____5___ the time he was 31. ____6____, there are still some other people who have made lots of money at even ____7____ (young) ages. Other young people who have struck it rich include Jackie Coogan and Shirley Temple. ____8____ of these child actors made over a million dollars ___9____ (act) in movies before they were 14. But ___10___ youngest billionaire is Albert von Thurn und T axis of Germany, who, in 2001, inherited (继承) a billion dollars when he turned 18! (2) Finishing their shopping at the mall, a couple discovered that their new car ____1_____ (steal) .They filed a report____2____ the police station and a detective drove them ____3____ to the parking lot to look for evidence. To their ____4____ (amaze), the car had been returned ___5____ there was a note in it that said: “I apologize for taking your car. My wife was having a baby and I had to rush her to the ____6_____. Please forget the inconvenience. There are two tickets ____7____ tonight's Mania Twain concert.” Their faith in humanity restored. The couple attended ____8____ concert. But when they returned home, they immediately found ____9______their house had been ransacked (洗劫). On the bathroom mirror was ____10_____ note: “I have to put my kid through college somehow, don't I?” (3) People _____1___ (live) in different countries made different kinds of words. Today there are about fifteen hundred _____2_____ in the world. Each contains many thousands of words. A very large dictionary, for example, contains four ___3___ five hundred thousand words. But we do not need ____4____ these. To read short stories you need to know only about two thousand words. ____5_____ you leave school, you will learn only one thousand or more. The words you know are called your vocabulary. You should try to make your vocabulary ______6___ (big). Read as many books as we can. There are a lot of books _____7____ (write) in easy English. You will enjoy them. When you meet _____8____ new word, look it ____9_____ in your dictionary. Your dictionary is your _____10_____ (much) useful book. (4) When you are in England you must be very careful in the streets ____1_____ the traffic drives on the left. Before you cross a street you must look to the right first _____2____ then the left. In the morning and in the evening when people go to or come from ____3____, the streets are very busy. Traffic is most ____4___ (danger) then. When you go by bus in England, you have to be careful, ____5____. Always
高二英语语法填空题20套(带答案).docx
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高考英语语法填空专题练习(24篇)含答案
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高一英语语法填空专题练习
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高二英语语法填空真题汇编(含答案)
高二英语语法填空真题汇编(含答案) 一、语法填空 1．阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的形式。 "Living within 300 metres of green space ________ (associate) with greater happiness, sense of worth and life satisfaction," says a new study. ________ (use) data from UK government's Annual Population Survey (APS) of 25518 people, the researchers show that people ________ live within 300 metres of green space have significantly better mental well-being. "A lot of research focuses ________ poor mental health, or single aspect of well-being like life satisfaction. What makes our work different is the way we consider multi-dimensional mental well-being in terms of happiness, life satisfaction and worth," said Victoria Houlden from the University of Warwick. The study, ________ (publish) in the journal Applied Geography, found that there is a very strong relationship between the amount of green space around a person's home ________ their feelings of life satisfaction, happiness, and self-worth. Green space within 300 metres of home made the greatest ________ (differ) to mental well-being. The study found that access to green space was ________ (important) than lifestyle factors such as employment, income and general health. "By ________ (combine) advanced statistical and mapping methods, we've shown that the effect is real. ________ (basical) we've proven what everyone has always assumed was true," said Scott Weich, Professor at the University of Sheffield. 【答案】is associated；Using；who或that；on /upon；published；and；difference；more important；combining；Basically 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，一项新研究称居住在300米以内的绿地能带来更大的幸福感、价值感和生活满意度。这项发表在《应用地理》杂志上的研究发现，一个人的家周围的绿地数量与他们对生活的满意度、幸福感和自我价值感之间存在很强的关系。这种影响以及得到证实，它是真的。 （1）考查时态语态。句意：居住在300米以内的绿色空间，会带来更大的幸福感、价值感和生活满意度。be associated with sth.固定短语，"与某事联系在一起"，且描述客观事实用一般现在时，主语为动名词短语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填is associated。（2）考查非谓语动词。句意：根据英国政府对25518人的年度人口调查(APS)数据，研究人员表明，居住在绿色空间300米以内的人心理健康状况明显更好。本句中use做非谓语动词，与逻辑主语researchers构成主动关系，故用现在分词，填Using。 （3）考查定语从句。句意：根据英国政府对25518人的年度人口调查(APS)数据，研究人员表明，居住在绿色空间300米以内的人心理健康状况明显更好。本句为定语从句修饰先行词people，且先行词在从句中做主语，指人，个用关系代词who或that。故填who或that。 （4）考查介词。句意：很多研究都集中在心理健康方面，或者说是像生活满意度这样的幸福方面。focus on/upon固定短语，"集中于，专注于"，故填on或upon。 （5）考查非谓语动词。句意：这项发表在《应用地理》杂志上的研究发现，一个人的家周围的绿地数量与他们对生活的满意度、幸福感和自我价值感之间存在很强的关系。本句中publish做非谓语动词与逻辑主语study构成被动关系，故用过去分词，填published。
高二英语语法填空提高训练及解析
高二英语语法填空提高训练及解析 一、语法填空 1．阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Since ________ first fully artificial plastic was invented in 1907, humans ________(find) innumerable uses for the material. It has found ________(it) way into our tools, our clothes and even our bodies. In a new study in ________(environment) science and technology, researchers estimate the average American eats more than 50,000 pieces of microplastic particles, ________(small) than 5 millimeters in length every year and breathes in another 50,000. Although the health ________(effect) of consuming these tiny bits of plastic are unclear, researchers stress the real volume that people are ________(casual) swallowing is alarming. The largest contributor came ________ drinking bottled water, in ________ the bottle itself added more than 32 times more plastic to a diet ________(compare) with tap water, The Guardian reports. 【答案】the；have found；its；environmental；smaller；effects；casually；from；which；compared 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章提出了人工塑料渗入到我们生活的方方面面。在环境科学与技术的一项新研究中，研究人员估计，美国人平均每年吃掉5万多块塑料微粒，这些微粒的长度小于5毫米，再吸入5万粒塑料微粒。主要诱因是饮用瓶装水。（1）考查冠词。句意：自从1907年第一个完全人工塑料被发明以来。根据first可知此处用冠词the。故填the。 （2）考查时态。句意：人类已经发现了这种材料的无数用途。since引导的时间从句要用一般过去时，主句要用现在完成时。分析句子成分可知，主语是humans，故谓语动词为have found。故填have found。 （3）考查代词。句意：它已经渗入我们的工具、我们的衣服甚至我们的身体。way是名词，此处应该用形容词性物主代词修饰名词。故填its。 （4）考查形容词。句意：在环境科学与技术的一项新研究中。此处要用形容词修饰名词science and technology（科学与技术）。故填environmental。 （5）考查形容词。句意：美国人平均每年吃掉5万多块塑料微粒，这些微粒的长度小于5毫米，再吸入5万粒塑料微粒。根据than可知此处要用形容词比较级。故填smaller。（6）考查名词。句意：尽管食用这些小塑料碎片对健康的影响尚不清楚。根据the health 是主语的一部分，可知此处用名词作主语，且谓语动词是are，故用可数名词复数，填effects。 （7）考查副词。句意：但研究人员强调，人们随意吞下的塑料碎片的实际数量令人担忧。此处要用副词修饰动词swallowing 。故填casually。 （8）考查介词。句意：最大促成物来自饮用瓶装水。come from，固定短语，“来自”。故填from。 （9）考查定语从句。句意：瓶装水在日常饮食中添加的塑料量是自来水的32倍多。分析句子成分可知，先行词为drinking bottled water，指物，且作in的宾语，故此处填which。故填which。