非谓语动词(基础讲解)

非谓语动词

【真题再现】

1. —Some children can't afford ________ necessary stationary. (2014 扬州)

—Let's donate our pocket money to them.

A. buy

B. buying

C. to buy

D. be bought

2. My parents always tell me ________ more vegetables and fruit. (2014 北京)

A. eat

B. eating

C. eats

D. to eat

3. Spring Bud Project is an organization that raises money ________ poor young girls return to school. (2014 镇江)

A. to save

B. saving

C. helping

D. to help

4. Granny often tells us ________ water in our daily life.(2014 泰安)

A. save

B. saving

C. to save

D. saves

5. Tom’s mother told him ________ eating too much meat.(2014黔西南州)

A. stopping

B. to stop

C. stops

D. stopped

6. —Hey guys, Chinese way of ________ the road is very

dangerous. You must wait for the green lights on. (2014 昆明)

— Thank you for your advice, sir.

A. going

B. walking

C. crossing

D. passing

7. —What else should we pay attention to ________ building the bridge?(2014 淮安)

－The change of the weather, I think.

A. finish

B. finished

C. to finish

D. finishing

8. —Tom, why are you in such a hurry?(2014黑龙江省龙东地区)

－Oh, my bike is broken, I’m going to have it ________.

A. repairing

B. repaired

C. to repair

9. The WWF is working hard __________ the animals in danger．(2015 南宁)

A．save B．to save C．saves D．saved

10. Sarah, you’d better drink more water after __________ for such

a long time. (2015 广州)

A. run

B. runs

C. to run

D. running

11. This sign is used ________ tourists to stay away from the lion in the zoo．(2015 南通)

A．to warn B．to warning C．to make D．to making

12. Thanks to the robots, the human reporters do not have to spend a

lot of time _______ boring numbers and information.(2015 临沂) A．processing B．to process C．processed

D．process

13. My friend invited me __________ the art club, and I accepted it with pleasure.(2015 上海)

A. join

B. to join

C. joined

D. joining

14. Martin was so busy __________the old that he gave up his part-time job.(2015 上海)

A. helping

B. helped

C. to help

D. help

15．The traffic signs warn people after drinking. （2015 青岛）

A. to drive

B. not to drive

C. driving

D. don’t drive

【用法讲解】

考试要求：

非谓语动词中考考查的重点有：

1. it 作形式主语、宾语的用法；

2. 感官动词后不定式作宾语补足语和动词-ing形式作宾语补足语的用法；

3. 动词不定式与疑问代词和疑问副词的连用；

4. 一些特殊动词的动词不定式作宾语补足语时不带to，但变为被动语态时就要带to；

5. 有些动词既可以接不定式也可以接动词-ing形式作宾语，但是表达的意思不同。

1. 动词不定式

（1）动词不定式的构成：

不定式的基本形式为：to+动词原形，有时可以不用to，这里的to是不定式符号，本身无词义，动词不定式的否定形式是not+(to+)动词原形。

（2）动词不定式的句法功能：

1)不定式作主语

动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末，其结构为：It + be + adj. +(for/of sb.)+动词不定式。如：To learn English well is useful．→It is useful to learn English well．学好英语很有用。

It’s important for us to protect the environment．

保护环境对我们来说很重要。

注意：在kind，good，nice，clever等表示人的品质的形容词后，

不用for而用of。如：

It’s very kind of you to help me．你帮助我真是太好啦。

It’s very clever of you to do like that．你那样做真是太聪明啦!

2)不定式作宾语

①一些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语，常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望的，如：would like，like，want，wish，hope，decide，plan，expect等。

如：Would you like to see a film this evening?

你今晚想去看电影吗?

②在find，think后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在句末。

如：I find it easy to read English every day．我发现每天读英语很容易。

③常见的一些不带to的动词不定式

why not do...，why don’t you do...，had better(not) do...，would rather do，could/would/will you please(not) do...

如：I would rather stay in the room．我宁愿待在房间里。

3)不定式作宾语补足语

不定式作宾语补足语时与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。如：tell，ask，want，allow，get，would like，encourage后常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语。

如：Lucy asked him to turn down the radio．露西让他关小收音机。

My mother encourages me to learn Japanese．我妈妈鼓励我学

日语。

注意：

还有一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补，这时不定式要省略to。这些动词有：一感(feel)、二听(hear，listen to)、三让(let，make，have)、四看(look at，see，watch，notice)，但变被动语态时，必须加上to。

如：My friends were made to work the whole night by the boss．老板让我的朋友们工作了一整夜。

4)不定式作定语

①不定式作定语时，应放在名词之后。它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。

②如果是不及物动词，且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系，要在不定式后加上适当的介词。如：There is nothing to worry about．没有什么可担心的。

5)不定式常和疑问词what，which，when，where，how连用，相

当于一个宾语从句。如：The teacher is telling the students what to do．老师正告诉学生们做什么。

He didn’t know where to go．

他不知道去哪里。(where to go＝where he should go)

2. 动名词

（1）动名词构成：一般由“动词原形+ -ing”构成。

（2）动名词的句法功能：

注意：

英语中有一些词后面常跟动名词作宾语。初中阶段常见的有：finish，enjoy，mind，miss，be worth，be busy，practice，have fun，have trouble/problem(in)，spend...(in)，feel like，be used to(习惯于)，give up，keep on，consider，suggest，can’t help可按下面的顺口溜记忆这些词：

完成实践值得忙(finish，practice，be worth，be busy)

继续习惯别放弃(keep on，be used to，give up)

考虑建议不禁想(consider，suggest，can’t help，feel like)

喜欢思念要介意(enjoy，miss，mind)

3. 分词

（1）分词的构成：

分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词的基本形式由“动词+-ing”构成；过去分词的基本形式是“动词+-ed”，但也有不规则的形式。

（2）分词的句法功能：