CSS14甲板集装箱安全系固作业指南

附则14 Annex 14

甲板集装箱安全系固作业指南

Guidance on providing safe working conditions

for securing of containers on deck

1. 目的AIM

保证参与甲板集装箱系固操作的人员具有安全工作环境，特别是安全通道，正确的系固设备以及安全工作区域。本附则应在系固系统的设计阶段进行考虑。本附则为船东、船厂、船级社、主管机关以及设计者制定及审批货物安全通道布置（CSAP）提供指导。

To ensure that persons engaged in carrying out container securing operations on deck have safe working conditions and, in particular safe access, appropriate

securing equipment and safe places of work. These guidelines should be taken into account at the design stage when securing systems are devised. These guidelines provide shipowners, ship builders, classification societies, Administrations and ship designers with guidance on producing or authorizing a Cargo Safe Access Plan

(CSAP)。

1. 适用范围SCOPE

2.1 本附则中船舶指专用的集装箱船以及特殊设计并布置为在甲板上装载集装箱的其

他船舶。

Ships which are specifically designed and fitted for the purpose of carrying containers on deck.

1.2 对于在2015年1月1日及以后安放龙骨或处于类似建造阶段的船舶，本附则全文适

用。

Apply the annexed amendments in its entirety for containerships, the keels of which were laid or which are at a similar stage of construction on or after 1 January 2015;

2.3 对于在2015年1月1日及以前安放龙骨或处于类似建造阶段的船舶，仅4.4（培训及

熟悉）、7.1（一般说明）、7.3（维护）以及8（特殊集装箱安全设计）适用。

Apply sections 4.4 (Training and familiarization), 7.1 (Introduction), 7.3 Maintenance) and section 8 (Specialized container safety design) to existing containerships*, the keels of which were laid or which are at a similar stage of construction before 1

January 2015; and

2.4 对于在2015年1月1日及以前安放龙骨或处于类似建造阶段的船舶，本附则6（设

计）以及7.2（操作程序）应由船旗国主管机关确定，在不需要进行较大船体结构修改的基础上，尽可能适用。

Apply the principles of this guidance contained in sections 6 (Design) and 7.2

(Operational procedures) to existing containerships* as far as practical by the flag State Administration with the understanding that existing ships would not be required to be enlarged or undergo other major structural modifications as determined.

2. 定义DEFINITIONS

3.1 主管机关为船旗国政府

Administration means the Government of the State whose flag the ship is entitled to fly.

3.2 护栏为栏杆、安全扶手、安全栅及其他防护人员掉落结构的统称。

Fencing is a generic term for guardrails, safety rails, safety barriers and similar structures that provide protection against the falls of persons.

3.3 系固位置包括：

Lashing positions include positions:

.1舱口盖上堆装的集装箱之间

In between container stows on hatch covers;

.2 舱口端部

At the end of hatches;

.3 舷侧的系固箱柱/立柱之上

On outboard lashing stanchions/pedestals;

.4 舱口盖上外侧绑扎位置

Outboard lashing positions on hatch covers; and

.5 任何其他人员进行集装箱系固工作的位置

Any other position where people work with container securing.

3.4 SALTs为半自动扭锁

SATLs are semi-automatic twistlocks.

3.5 系固包括了锁紧及解锁

Securing includes lashing and unlashing.

3.6 梯架指梯子的立柱或边柱

Stringers are the uprights or sides of a ladder.

4 总则GENERAL

4.1 一般说明Introduction

4.1.1 大部分事故发生在集装箱码头的码头工人进行甲板集装箱的锁紧及解锁过程中，参与系固操作的船员也可能发生类似的事故。

Injuries to dockworkers on board visiting ships account for the majority of accidents that occur within container ports, with the most common activity that involves such injuries being the lashing/unlashing of deck containers. Ships' crew engaged in securing operations face similar dangers.

4.1.2 在船舶设计及建造阶段，为系固人员提供安全工作环境非常重要。

During the design and construction of containerships the provision of a safe place of work for lashing personnel is essential.

4.1.3 船东以及船舶设计者应注意到集装箱系固作业有关的危险情况，并不断促进集装箱系固系统的安全和使用。避免或尽量减少如下作业工况：

Container shipowners and designers are reminded of the dangers associated with container securing operations and urged to develop and use container securing systems which are safe by design. The aim should be to eliminate or at least minimize the need for:

.1 集装箱顶部作业

Container top work;

.2 在同等危险的区域作业。

Work in other equally hazardous locations; and

.3 使用沉重及困难的系固设备。

The use of heavy and difficult to handle securing equipment.

4.1.4 提供安全环境的工作包括需要在设计、操作以及维护时加以考虑，大型船舶的问题将超过小型船舶。

It should be borne in mind that providing safe working conditions for securing containers deals with matters relating to design, operation, and maintenance, and that the problems on large containerships are not the same as on smaller ones.

4.2 集装箱系固操作中人员安全建议（MSC.1/Circ.1263）

Revised recommendations on safety of personnel during container securing operations (MSC.1/Circ.1263)

4.2.1 船东、设计者以及主管机关应考虑《集装箱系固操作中人员安全建议》

（MSC.1/Circ.1263）中关于系固布置的安全设计建议。

Shipowners, ship designers and Administrations should take into account the recommendations on safe design of securing arrangements contained in these guidelines, and in the Recommendations on safety of personnel during container securing operations (MSC.1/Circ.1263).

4.3 货物安全通道布置（CSAP）

Cargo Safe Access Plan (CSAP)

4.3.1 MSC.1/Circ.1353《货物系固手册编制指南》要求装载集装箱的船舶应持有所以包含集装箱系固的区域的货物安全通道（CSAP）.

The Guidelines for the preparation of the Cargo Securing Manual (MSC/Circ.745) requires ships which are specifically designed and fitted for the purpose of carrying containers to have an approved Cargo Safe Access Plan (CSAP) on board, for all areas where containers are secured.

4.3.2 船东、设计者、船厂、主管机关、船级社以及系固设备制造商应在设计系固布置的早期阶段考虑制定CSAP.

Stakeholders, including, but not limited to shipowners, ship designers, ship builders, administrations, classification societies and lashing equipment manufacturers, should be involved at an early stage in the design of securing arrangements on containerships and in the development of the CSAP.

4.3.3 CSAP应在设计阶段根据MSC.1/Circ.1353的第5章制定。

The CSAP should be developed at the design stage in accordance with chapter 5 of the annex to MSC.1/Circ.1353.

4.3.4 设计者应在制定CSAP时考虑本附则的建议以保证集装箱所有堆装型式下的安全工作条件。

Designers should incorporate the recommendations of this annex into the CSAP so that safe working conditions can be maintained during all anticipated configurations of container stowage.

4.4 培训及熟悉Training and familiarization

4.4.1 参与集装箱系固操作的人员应该进行锁紧和解锁集装箱的培训，并尽可能以安全方式来完成。该培训应包括预期使用的不同类型的系固设备。

Personnel engaged in cargo securing operations should be trained in the lashing and unlashing of containers as necessary to carry out their duties in a safe manner. This should include the different types of lashing equipment that are expected to be used. 4.4.2 参与集装箱系固操作的人员应该进行培训，以便可以根据不同船舶的程序识别及处理失效的系固零部件，以及可以拆卸该零部件进行修理、维护或丢弃。

Personnel engaged in cargo securing operations should be trained in the identification and handling of bad order or defective securing gear in accordance with each ship's procedures to ensure damaged gear is segregated for repair and maintenance or disposal.

4.4.3参与集装箱系固操作的人员应进行培训，以便掌握安全及有效的手动操作技巧，以及培养分辨以避免潜在危险的安全意识。

Personnel engaged in cargo securing operations should be trained to develop the knowledge and mental and physical manual handling skills that they require to do their job safely and efficiently, and to develop general safety awareness to recognize and avoid potential dangers.

4.4.4 人员进行安全工作系统的培训。当人员在高处工作，应对相关设备进行培训。如可行，应优先使用掉落防护设备代替掉落防护系统。

Personnel should be trained in safe systems of work. Where personnel are involved in working at heights, they should be trained in the use of relevant equipment. Where practical, the use of fall protection equipment should take precedence over fall arrest systems.

4.4.5 使用热电缆或连接温控单元的人员应进行培训，以便了解失效的电缆、插座以及堵用插头。

Personnel who are required to handle thermal cables and/or connect and disconnect temperature control units should be given training in recognizing defective cables, receptacles and plugs.

4.4.6 参与集装箱货物操作的人员应熟悉船舶的特性以及作业时的潜在危害。

Personnel engaged in containership cargo operations should be familiarized with the ship's unique characteristics and potential hazards arising from such operations necessary to carry out their duties.

5 相关方的责任RESPONSIBILITIES OF INVOLVED PARTIES

5.1 主管机关应保证：Administrations should ensure that:

.1 批准的货物系固手册中的绑扎方案适用于目前船舶的设计情况，预期的集装箱系固方案是安全及可行的；

Lashing plans contained within the approved Cargo Securing Manual are

compatible with the current design of the ship and the intended container

securing method is both safe and physically possible;

.2 货物系固手册、绑扎方案及CSAP的有效期；

The Cargo Securing Manual, lashing plans and the CSAP are kept up to date; and

.3 绑扎方案及CSAP适用于船舶的设计及可能的设备。

Lashing plans and the CSAP are compatible with the design of the vessel and the equipment available.

5.2 船东及操作者应保证：Shipowners and operators should ensure that:

.1 可移动货物系固设备应经过认可指定其最大系固载荷（MSL），MSL应根据CSS Code的要求记录在货物系固手册中；

Portable cargo securing devices are certified and assigned with a maximum securing load (MSL). The MSL should be documented in the cargo securing

manual as required by the CSS Code;

.2 满足本附录的操作建议；

The operational recommendations of this annex are complied with;

.3 对货物系固手册、绑扎方案以及CSAP的改正、改变及补充应提交审批；

Correction, changes or amendments of the Cargo Securing Manual, lashing

plans and the Cargo Safe Access Plan (CSAP) should be promptly sent to the

competent authority for approval; and

.4 仅可以使用处于安全条件下的合适并认可的设备。

Only compatible and certified equipment in safe condition is used.

5.3 设计者应遵照本附则的设计建议。

Designers should follow design recommendations of these guidelines.

5.4 船厂应遵照本附则的设计建议。

Shipbuilders should follow design recommendations of these guidelines.

5.5 船舶上的操作者应遵照本附则的相关建议。

Containership terminal operators should ensure that the recommendations of relevant parts of this annex are complied with.

6 设计D ESIGN

6.1 一般设计规定General design considerations

6.1.1 风险评估Risk assessment

6.1.1.1 在设计阶段应根据本附则的建议进行风险识别以保证在任何预期的集装箱型式下进行安

全系固操作。风险评估应着眼于指定CSAP考虑的危险包括但不限于：

Risk assessments should be performed at the design stage taking into account the recommendations of this annex to ensure that securing operations can be safely carried out in all anticipated container configurations. This assessment should be conducted with a view toward developing the Cargo Safe Access Plan (CSAP). Hazards to be assessed should include but not be limited to:

.1 滑倒、翻倒以及掉落；

slips, trips and falls;

.2 从高处掉落。

falls from height;

.3 手动操作绑扎件时受伤；

injuries whilst manually handling lashing gear;

.4 被掉落的绑扎件或其他物体砸伤；

being struck by falling lashing gear or other objects;

.5 集装箱操作的潜在危害，应标识出高危区域以便进行合适的防护或其他防止事故的

措施；

Potential damage due to container operations. High-risk areas should be identified

in order to develop appropriate protection or other methods of preventing significant

damage;

.6 附近的触电风险（温度控制单元、电缆连接等）

Adjacent electrical risks (temperature controlled unit cable connections, etc.);

.7 方便到达所有可以进行安全系固的区域；

The adequacy of the access to all areas that is necessary to safely perform

container securing operations;

.8 操作绑扎设备的可行性（考虑设备的尺寸及重量）；

Ergonomics (e.g. size and weight of equipment) of handling lashing equipment; and

.9 绑扎超高箱、以及混合堆装的40尺与45尺集装箱的潜在危险。

Implications of lashing 9'6" high, or higher, containers and mixed stows of 40' and 45'

containers.

6.1.1.2 船厂应连同系固设备设计者一起进行风险评估，保证在船舶建造过程时保证以下基本准则。

Shipbuilders should collaborate with designers of securing equipment in conducting risk assessments and ensure that the following basic criteria are adhered to when building containerships.

6.1.2 船舶设计者应确保靠近舷边的系固作业可以安全地进行。至少应提供安全操作的平台，平台应有护栏防止人员掉落。

Ship designers should ensure that container securing operations performed in outer positions can be accomplished safely. As a minimum, a platform should be provided on which to work safely. This platform should have fencing to prevent workers falling off it.

6.1.3 集装箱堆垛之间的绑扎区域应保证：

The space provided between the containers stows for workers to carry out lashing operations should provide:

.1 坚实并水平的工作平面；

A firm and level working surface;

.2 工作区域，排除掉已安装的绑扎件，应能为扭锁操作提供清晰视线，并可以操作绑扎零件；

A working area, excluding lashings in place, to provide a clear sight of twist lock handles

and allow for the manipulation of lashing gear;

.3 有足够的空间，是绑扎件及其他设备可以存放，不会发生使人绊倒的危险；

Sufficient spaces to permit the lashing gear and other equipment to be stowed without causing a tripping hazard;

.4 甲板上、舱口盖上绑扎杆固定点之间有足够区域来张紧花篮螺丝；

Sufficient spaces between the fixing points of the lashing bars on deck, or on the hatch covers, to tighten the turnbuckles;

.5 从舱口围上的梯子进入；

Access in the form of ladders on hatch coamings;

.6 到达绑扎平台的安全通道；

Safe access to lashing platforms;

.7 绑扎平台上的防护护栏；

Protective fencing on lashing platforms; and

.8 根据本附则的足够照明。

Adequate lighting in line with these guidelines.

6.1.4 设计者应尽可能的减少甲板上的箱顶作业。

Ship designers should aim to eliminate the need to access and work on the tops of deck stows.

6.1.5 平台应设计为不被甲板管系已经其他障碍物影响的工作区域，并：

Platforms should be designed to provide a clear work area, unencumbered by deck piping and other obstructions and take into consideration:

.1 集装箱的堆装应保证在可以使用平台安全操作；

Containers must be capable of being stowed within safe reach of the workers using

the platform; and

.2 工作区域的尺寸以及使用的系固部件的尺寸；

The work area size and the size of the securing components used.

6.2 安全通道Provisions for safe access

6.2.1 一般规定General provisions

6.2.1.1 通道区域的高度不应高于2米，宽度不应小于600毫米。

The minimum clearance for transit areas should be at least 2 m high and 600 mm wide (see table in supplement, dimensions B, J, K1).

6.2.1.2 所有用于通行的甲板表面以及所有通道及楼梯都应为防滑表面。

All relevant deck surfaces used for movement about the ship and all passageways and stairs should have non-slip surfaces.

6.2.1.3 如果安全需要，甲板上的走道应涂色线或图示来标明。

Where necessary for safety, walkways on deck should be delineated by painted lines or otherwise marked by pictorial signs.

6.2.1.4 通道上的可能引起摔倒的所有凸起物，例如索耳、加强筋和肘板等应以反衬的颜色进行标记。 All protrusions in access ways, such as cleats, ribs and brackets that may give rise to a trip hazard should be highlighted in a contrasting colour.

6.2.2 系固位置设计（平台、绑扎桥以及其他系固位置）

Lashing position design (platforms, bridges and other lashing positions)

6.2.2.1 系固位置设计应为尽可能减少使用三倍集装箱高度的绑扎杆，并且尽可能靠近系固设备的堆放位置。系固位置应提供开阔的工作区域，即不被甲板管系或其他障碍物影响，并考虑到：Lashing positions should be designed to eliminate the use of three high lashing bars and be positioned in close proximity to lashing equipment stowage areas. Lashing positions should be designed to provide a clear work area which is unencumbered by deck piping and other obstructions and take into consideration:

.1 人员在系固位置应能够安全地进行集装箱系固操作，因此系固点到集装箱的水平操作

距离应不超过1100毫米，对于绑扎桥应不少于220毫米，对于其他位置应不小于130毫米。

The need for containers to be stowed within safe reach of the personnel using the lashing position so that the horizontal operating distance from the securing point to the

container does not exceed 1,100 mm and not less than 220 mm for lashing bridges and 130 mm for other positions (see table in supplement, dimensions C1, C2, C3);

.2 工作区域的尺寸以及系固人员的活动；

The size of the working area and the movement of lashing personnel; and

.3 系固零部件的长度及重量。

The length and weight of lashing gear and securing components used.

6.2.2.2 系固位置的宽度最好应约为1000毫米，但不能小于750毫米。

The width of the lashing positions should preferably be 1,000 mm, but not less than 750 mm (see table in supplement, dimensions A, GL, GT, , K).

6.2.2.3 永久性绑扎桥的宽度应保证：

The width of permanent lashing bridges should be:

.1 顶部护栏之间距离为750毫米；

750 mm between top rails of fencing (see table in supplement, dimension F); and .2 存放架、绑扎索耳以及其他障碍物之间的最小距离为600毫米。

A clear minimum of 600 mm between storage racks, lashing cleats and any other

obstruction (see table in supplement, dimension F1).

6.2.2.4 舱口或舷外侧系固箱柱端部的平台最好能够与舱口盖顶部保持一样的水平高度。

Platforms on the end of hatches and outboard lashing stations should preferably be at the same level as the top of the hatch covers.

6.2.2.5 应在升高的绑扎桥或平台的边缘安装趾板（或踢脚板）以防止系固设备掉落伤人。趾板应

最好搞150毫米，当不能实现时，应保证不低于100毫米。

Toe boards (or kick plates) should be provided around the sides of elevated lashing bridges and platforms to prevent securing equipment from falling and injuring people. Toe boards should preferably be 150 mm high, however, where this is not possible they should be at least 100 mm high.

6.2.2.6 系固区域的所有人员可能掉入的开口应保持关闭。

Any openings in the lashing positions through which people can fall should be possible to be closed.

6.2.2.7 系固区域不应包含障碍物，例如储物箱及复位舱口盖的导轨。

Lashing positions should not contain obstructions, such as storage bins or guides to reposition hatch covers.

6.2.2.8 包含有可移动部分的系固区域，应能够保证临时性锁紧状态。

Lashing positions which contain removable sections should be capable of being temporarily secured.

6.2.3 护栏设计Fencing design

6.2.3.1 绑扎桥以及平台应尽可能设有护栏。护栏设计至少应考虑以下几个方面：

Bridges and platforms, where appropriate, should be fenced. As a minimum, fencing design should take into consideration:

.1栏杆的强度及高度应能防止工人掉落。

The strength and height of the rails should be designed to prevent workers from

falling;

.2 间隙护栏的灵活性，无护栏的水平间隙应不超过300毫米。

Flexibility in positioning the fencing of gaps. A horizontal unfenced gap should not be greater than 300 mm;

.3 根据区域的存放情况进行护栏的锁定或移除。

Provisions for locking and removal of fencing as operational situations change based on stowage anticipated for that area;

.4 护栏的损坏以及避免由于护栏损坏而发生事故；

Damage to fencing and how to prevent failure due to that damage; and

.5 临时性设备应有足够的强度，并应能够安全地安装。

Adequate strength of any temporary fittings. These should be capable of being safely and securely installed.

6.2.3.2 顶部护栏至少应为1米高，并且中间有两根横向护栏。最低的横向护栏下面的开口应不超过230毫米，其他横向护栏之间的距离应不超过380毫米。

The top rail of fencing should be 1 m high from the base, with two intermediate rails. The opening below the lowest course of the guard rails should not exceed 230 mm. The other courses should be not more than 380 mm apart.

6.2.3.3 护栏以及扶手应使用与背景反衬的颜色进行标记。

Where possible fences and handrails should be highlighted with a contrasting colour to the background.

6.2.3.4 如果舱口盖移除后存在无防护的边缘，则横向的系固通道应有足够的护栏。

Athwart ships cargo securing walkways should be protected by adequate fencing if an unguarded edge exists when the hatch cover is removed.

6.2.4 梯子及人孔设计Ladder and manhole design

6.2.4.1 如果固定梯子可通向系固区域的外部，无论是倾斜或是垂直的，梯子的梯架端部应与系固区域的护栏连接。

Where a fixed ladder gives access to the outside of a lashing position, the stringers should be connected at their extremities to the guardrails of the lashing position, irrespective of whether the ladder is sloping or vertical.

6.2.4.2 如果固定梯子通过平台的开口可通向系固区域，开口应该提供带有背锁的固定格栅（可以在进入后关闭）或护栏。应提供拉手来保证安全通过。

Where a fixed ladder gives access to a lashing position through an opening in the platform, the opening shall be protected with either a fixed grate with a lock back mechanism, which can be closed after access, or fencing. Grabrails should be provided to ensure safe access through the opening.

6.2.4.3 如果固定梯子可从平台外部通向系固区域，梯子的梯架在平台的上部应打开以保证

700~750毫米的开口，以便人员穿过。

Where a fixed ladder gives access to a lashing position from the outside of the platform, the stringers of the ladder should be opened above the platform level to give a clear width of 700 to 750 mm to enable a person to pass through the stringers.

6.2.4.4 固定梯子相对于垂向的倾斜角度不应超过25°，当梯子相对于垂向的倾斜角度超过15°，梯子应提供水平方向相隔不小于540毫米的合适扶手。

A fixed ladder should not slope at an angle greater than 25° from the vertical. Where the slope of a ladder exceeds 15° from the vertical, the ladder should be provided with suitable handrails not less than 540 mm apart, measured horizontally.

6.2.4.5 高度超过3m的固定垂向梯子，以及任何人员可掉入舱室的垂向梯子，应提供护圈，并根据

6.2.4.6和6.2.4.7建造。

A fixed vertical ladder of a height exceeding 3 m, and any fixed vertical ladder, from which a person may fall into a hold, should be fitted with guard hoops, which should be constructed in accordance with paragraphs 6.2.4.6 and 6.2.4.7.

6.2.4.6 护圈的均匀间距应不超过900mm，并且梯子到护栏背部的距离应为750mm，环形护栏应通过纵向的带条（连接在环形内侧）连接，带条应沿着环形均匀分布。

The ladder hoops should be uniformly spaced at intervals not exceeding 900 mm and should have a clearance of 750 mm from the rung to the back of the hoop and be connected by longitudinal strips secured to the inside of the hoops, each equally spaced round the circumference of the hoop.

6.2.4.7 梯子的梯架应高于平台表面至少1m,并且梯架的端部应提供侧向支撑。梯子的最上端的踏步应该与平台同等高度，除非踏步一直延伸到梯架的端部。

The stringers should be carried above the floor level of the platform by at least 1 m and the ends of the stringers should be given lateral support and the top step or rung should be level with the floor of the platform unless the steps or rungs are fitted to the ends of the stringers.

6.2.4.8 通道梯、走道以及工作平台的设计应尽可能保证工人不需要翻过管系或者在右固定障碍物的区域工作。

As far as practicable, access ladders and walkways, and work platforms should be designed so that workers do not have to climb over piping or work in areas with permanent obstructions.

6.2.4.9 工作区域的任何部位不应该有没有保护的开口，通道开口应由扶手或者通过后可以锁住的盖子进行保护。

There should be no unprotected openings in any part of the workplace. Access opening must be protected with handrails or access covers that can be locked back during access.

6.2.4.10 通道区域应尽可能不设置人孔，如果有则需要合适的护栏。

As far as practicable, manholes should not be situated in transit areas, however, if they

are, proper fencing should protect them.

6.2.4.11 通道梯以及人孔应足够大，以便人员进出。

Access ladders and manholes should be large enough for persons to safely enter and leave.

6.2.4.12 踏步深度应至少有150mm。

A foothold at least 150 mm deep should be provided.

6.2.4.13 梯子的顶部应提供拉手以便安全到达平台。

Handholds should be provided at the top of the ladder to enable safe access to the platform to be gained.

6.2.4.14 可能导致摔倒的人孔开口应在开口边缘以反衬颜色进行标示。

Manhole openings that may present a fall hazard should be highlighted in contrasting colour around the rim of the opening.

6.2.4.15 绑扎桥上不同高度的人孔开口应尽量避免在另一个的正下方。

Manhole openings at different levels of the lashing bridge should not be located directly below one another, as far as practicable.

6.3 绑扎系统Lashing systems

6.3.1 一般规定General provisions

绑扎系统，包括拉紧装置，应满足：

Lashing systems, including tensioning devices, should:

.1 如适用，应满足国际标准（ISO3874）；

Conform to international standards*, where applicable;

.2 适合于已布置好的集装箱堆装；

Be compatible with the planned container stowages;

.3 使人员具有足够能力来安全地握住、展开已经使用；

Be compatible with the physical ability of persons to safely hold, deploy and use such equipment;

.4 统一且相互兼容，例如扭锁以及绑扎杆的头部不应该相互影响；

Be uniform and compatible, e.g. twistlocks and lashing rod heads should not interfere with each other;

.5 进行定期检验和维护，不合格的设备应被拆下修理或丢弃；

Be subject to a periodic inspection and maintenance regime. Non-conforming items

should be segregated for repair or disposal; and

.6 满足系固手册的要求。

Be according to the CSM.

6.3.2 扭锁设计Twistlock design

6.3.2.1 船东应保证用于货物系固的扭锁种类尽可能少，并且有明确的操作指示。使用过多的扭锁将可能引起是否需要锁住扭锁的困惑。

Shipowners should ensure that the number of different types of twistlocks provided for cargo securing is kept to a minimum and clear instructions are provided for their operation. The use of too many different types of twistlocks may lead to confusion as to whether the twistlocks are locked.

6.3.2.2 扭锁的设计应满足：

The design of twistlocks should ensure the following:

.1 主动锁紧，并带有简易的正反面标示；

Positive locking with easy up and down side identification;

.2 即使轻擦表面，也不能与角件分离；

Dislodging from corner fitting is not possible even when grazing a surface;

.3 在操作时，应能够到达及看到没有锁住的设备；

Access and visibility of the unlocking device is effective in operational situations;

.4 没有锁紧的位置容易识别，并且不会由于震动重新锁紧；

Unlocked positions are easily identifiable and do not relock inadvertently due to jolting or vibration; and

.5 开锁杆应尽可能轻，并且设计为可以简单操作。

Unlocking poles are as light as possible, of a simple design for ease of use.

6.3.2.3 如果不能完全排除在集装箱顶部作业，扭锁的设计应尽可能减少这样的工作，例如使用半自动扭锁、全自动扭锁或其他类似设计。

Where it is not feasible to entirely eliminate working on the tops of container stows, the twistlock designs used should minimize the need for such working, e.g. use of SATLs, fully automatic twistlocks or similar design.

6.3.3 绑扎杆设计Lashing rod design

6.3.3.1 集装箱船系固系统的设计应考虑到所以货物系固计划中可能出现的工人提起、到达、握住、控制以及连接部件的能力。

The design of containership securing systems should take into account the practical abilities of the workers to lift, reach, hold, control and connect the components called for in all situations anticipated in the cargo securing plan.

6.3.3.2 最长绑扎杆的长度应能够到放置在两个高箱上面的集装箱的底角件，并且应遵照制造商的操作建议。

The maximum length of a lashing rod should be sufficient to reach the bottom corner fitting of a container on top of two high cube containers and be used in accordance with the instructions provided by the manufacturers.

6.3.3.3 绑扎杆的重量应在保证足够机械强度的基础上尽可能低。

The weight of lashing rods should be minimized as low as possible consistent with the necessary mechanical strength.

6.3.3.4 安装到角件上的绑扎杆头部应设计为带有枢轴/铰链或合适的设备，以防止意外地从角件中掉出。

The head of the lashing rod that is inserted in the corner fitting should be designed with a pivot/hinge or other appropriate device so that the rod does not come out of the corner fitting accidentally.

6.3.3.5 绑扎杆的长度以及花篮螺丝的长度和设计应避免在绑扎超高箱（9'6"）时的伸长。

The rod's length in conjunction with the length and design of the turnbuckle should be such that the need of extensions is eliminated when lashing high cube (9'6") containers.

6.3.3.6 Lightweight rods should be provided where special tools are needed to lash high cube containers.

6.3.4 花篮螺丝设计Turnbuckle design

6.3.4.1 花篮螺丝端部零件应与绑扎杆的设计一致。

Turnbuckle end fittings should be designed to harmonize with the design of lashing rods.

6.3.4.2 花篮螺丝的设计应尽可能减少工作中对它的操作。

Turnbuckles should be designed to minimize the work in operating them.

6.3.4.3 花篮螺丝定位点的布置应保证安全操作并避免绑扎杆产生弯曲。

Anchor points for turnbuckles should be positioned to provide safe handling and to prevent the bending of rods.

6.3.4.4 为防止在拉紧及放松动作时发生手部受伤，花篮螺丝的最小距离应为70毫米。

To prevent hand injury during tightening or loosening motions, there should be a minimum distance of 70 mm between turnbuckles.

6.3.4.5 花篮螺丝应配有保证在航行途中不会松开绑扎的锁紧装置。

The turnbuckle should incorporate a locking mechanism which will ensure that the lashing does not work loose during the voyage.

6.3.4.6 花篮螺丝的重量应在保证足够机械强度的基础上尽可能低。

The weight of turnbuckles should be minimized as low as possible consistent with the necessary mechanical strength.

6.3.5 储物箱以及系固设备的存放设计Storage bins and lashing equipment stowage design

6.3.5.1 应为系固材料提供存放的位置。

Bins or stowage places for lashing materials should be provided.

6.3.5.2 所有的系固零部件都应尽可能靠近其使用的位置。

All lashing gear should be stowed as close to its intended place of use as possible.

6.3.5.3 系固装置的存放布置应保证其能够从该位置轻易收回。

The stowage of securing devices should be arranged so they can easily be retrieved from their stowage location.

6.3.5.4 应提供存放失效货损坏零部件的储物箱，并合适地标示。

Bins for faulty or damaged gear should also be provided and appropriately marked.

6.3.5.5 储物箱应有足够的强度。

Bins should be of sufficient strength.

6.3.5.6 储物箱及其载体应设计为可以从船上吊起并且重新存放。

Bins and their carriers should be designed to be lifted off the vessel and restowed.

6.4 照明设计Lighting design

应提供照明计划。

A lighting plan should be developed to provide for:

.1 通道的合适照明，不小于101ux（1英尺烛光），并且考虑到该位置集装箱可能出现的阴影，例如在该工作区域或之上的不同长度的集装箱。

The proper illumination? of access ways, not less than 10 lux (1 foot candle)*, taking into account the shadows created by containers that may be stowed in the area to be lit, for example different length containers in or over the work area;

.2 在集装箱堆垛之间的每个工作区域提供独立的固定或暂时（如必需）的照明系统，光的强度应不小于50lux（5英尺烛光），保证工作的进行但减少对于人的炫目。

A separate fixed or temporary (where necessary) lighting system for each working space between the container bays, which is bright enough, not less than 50 lux (5 foot candle)*, for the work to be done, but minimizes glare to the deck workers;

.3 如可行，类似的照明应设计为永久安装，并且有足够的防护。

Such illumination should, where possible, be designed as a permanent installation and adequately guarded against breakage; and

.4 照明的强度应考虑到所使用的货物系固设备最大的范围。

The illumination? intensity should take into consideration the distance to the uppermost reaches where cargo securing equipment is utilized.

7 操作及维护程序O PERATIONAL AND MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES

7.1 一般规定Introduction

7.1.1 安全绑扎和系固操作应包括在船舶的安全管理体系中，作为ISM规则文件的一部分。

Procedures for safe lashing and securing operations should be included in the ship's

Safety Management System as part of the ISM Code documentation.

7.1.2 船舶到达后，在系固规则开始之前，应对于绑扎位置及其通道进行安全评估。

Upon arrival of the ship, a safety assessment of the lashing positions and the access to those positions should be made before securing work commences.

7.2 操作及维护程序Operational procedures

7.2.1 集装箱甲板作业Container deck working

7.2.1.1 通道区域应该安全并且没有货物及一切设备。

Transit areas should be safe and clear of cargo and all equipment.

7.2.1.2 对于船舶操作必须的并且没有防护的开口，应在货物系固工作时关闭。工作平台的所有必须的并且没有防护的开口（例如会导致掉落不少于2米）、缺口及孔应进行合适的标识。

Openings that are necessary for the operation of the ship, which are not protected by fencing, should be closed during cargo securing work. Any necessarily unprotected openings in work platforms (i.e. those with a potential fall of less than 2 m), and gaps and apertures on deck should be properly highlighted.

7.2.1.3 使用护栏可以防止掉落。当安全栅影响集装箱起重机的移动，特别是吊杆起重机，可尽可能使用可移动护栏。

The use of fencing is essential to prevent falls. When openings in safety barriers are necessary to allow container crane movements, particularly with derricking cranes, removable fencing should be used whenever possible.

7.2.1.4 应注意通过手臂举起重量在11到21公斤的绑扎杆以及16到23公斤的花篮螺丝可能造成伤害。以此建议两人一同工作减少个人的工作量。

It should be taken into account that, when lifting lashing bars that can weigh between 11 and 21 kg and turnbuckles between 16 and 23 kg, there may be a risk of injury and severe illness as a result of physical strain if handled above shoulder height with the arms extended. It is therefore recommended that personnel work in pairs to reduce the individual workload in securing the lashing gear.

7.2.1.5 参与货物操作的公司应预测、识别、评估并控制风险，并且采取合适的方法来减少潜在的危险以防止人员产生腰椎损伤或肌肉拉伤。

The company involved with cargo operation should anticipate, identify, evaluate and control hazards and take appropriate measures to eliminate or minimize potential hazards to prevent in particular with harmful lumbar spinal damage and severe illness as a result of physical strain.

7.2.1.6 参与货物操作的人员在操作时应穿着合适的个人防护设备（PPE）。PPE应该由公司提供。

Personnel engaged in containership cargo operations should wear appropriate Personnel Protective Equipment (PPE) whilst carrying out lashing operations. The PPE should be provided by the company.

7.2.1.7 仅有当提供安全通道时，可以使用手动扭锁。

Manual twistlocks should only be used where safe access is provided.

7.2.1.8 集装箱不能堆放在适用于较大尺寸集装箱的位置，除非可以在安全工作情况下被系固。

Containers should not be stowed in spaces configured for larger sized containers unless they can be secured under safe working conditions.

7.2.2 集装箱顶部作业Container top working

7.2.2.1 当不能避免集装箱顶部作业，除非船舶有根据CSAP的合适方法，否则集装箱货物操作港口应提供安全操作的方法。

When work on container tops cannot be avoided, safe means of access should be provided by the container cargo operation terminal, unless the ship has appropriate means of

access in accordance with the CSAP.

7.2.2.2 建议的方法包括使用由吊架吊起的吊篮来减少危害。

Recommended practice involves the use of a safety cage lifted by a spreader to minimize the risk to personnel.

7.2.2.3 为保证甲板上集装箱顶作业人员的安全，应提供安全的工作方法。如可行，应优先使用掉落防护设备代替掉落防护系统。

A safe method of work should be developed and implemented to ensure the safety of lashers when on the top of container stows on deck. Where practical, the use of fall prevention equipment should take precedence over fall arrest equipment.

7.2.3 无法提供安全绑扎位置

Failure to provide safe lashing stations on board/carry out lashing by port workers

7.2.3.1 当船上的集装箱锁紧及解锁位置不能提供掉落防护，例如足够的护栏，并且没有其他安全方法，集装箱不能进行锁紧及解锁操作，情况应马上报告给陆上管理者、船长或甲板办公室。

Where there are lashing and unlashing locations on board ship where no fall protection, such as adequate handrails are provided, and no other safe method can be found, the containers should not be lashed or unlashed and the situation should be reported to shoreside supervisor and the master or deck officer immediately.

7.2.3.2 如果防护系统不能设计为提供安全通道，以及为所有货物型式提供系固工作区域，则货物不应该在该区域堆装。船员及码头工人在正常货物系固时都不应为危险的工作环境。

If protective systems cannot be designed to provide safe protected access and lashing work positions, in all cargo configurations then cargo should not be stowed in that location. Neither crew nor shore workers should be subjected to hazardous working conditions in the normal course of securing cargo.

7.3 维护Maintenance

7.3.1 根据MSC.1/Circ.1353《货物系固手册编制指南》中2.3（检验及维护），所有船舶应持有记录册，记录册应包括货物系固设备的接受、维护、修理及拒绝。记录册还应包含检验的记录。

In line with section 2.3 (Inspection and maintenance schemes) of the Revised guidelines for the preparation of the cargo securing manual (MSC.1/Circ.1353) all ships should maintain a record book, which should contain the procedures for accepting, maintaining and repairing or rejecting of cargo securing devices. The record book should also contain a record of inspections.

7.3.2 应保证合适的照明。

Lighting should be properly maintained.

7.3.3 通道、梯子、楼梯以及护栏应进行定期维护以防止发生腐蚀。

Walkways, ladders, stairways and fencings should be subject to a periodic maintenance programme which will reduce/prevent corrosion and prevent subsequent collapse.

7.3.4 腐蚀的通道、梯子、楼梯以及护栏应尽快进行修理及替换，如果腐蚀可能影响安全操作，应立即进行有效修理。

Corroded walkways, ladders, stairways and fencings should be repaired or replaced as soon as practicable. The repairs should be effected immediately if the corrosion could prevent safe operations.

7.3.5 被油污覆盖的花篮螺丝很难进行张紧。

It should be borne in mind that turnbuckles covered with grease are difficult to handle when tightening.

7.3.6 存储箱以及运输器应保持在安全条件下。

Storage bins and their carriers should be maintained in a safe condition.

8 特殊集装箱的安全设计S PECIALIZED CONTAINER SAFETY DESIGN

8.1 温度控制单元的动力输出应提供安全、水密的电力连接。

Temperature controlled unit power outlets should provide a safe, watertight electrical connection.

8.2 温度控制单元的动力输出应为重负载、联锁并且有断流器保护的电力输出。因此除非堵塞插头完全进入，制动器调到“ON”位置之前，输出不能被调为“live”。将制动器调为“off”位置，应能手动切断回路。

Temperature controlled unit power outlets should feature a heavy duty, interlocked and circuit breaker protected electrical power outlet. This should ensure the outlet can not be switched "live" until a plug is fully engaged and the actuator rod is pushed to the "On" position. Pulling the actuator rod to the "Off" position should manually de-energize the circuit.

8.3 在“on”位置，如果堵塞插头被突然拔出，温度控制单元的动力回路应能自动切断。同样，联锁机械应在销套接触时切断回路。这能通过杜绝插头和插座的电弧破坏来为操作者提供安全以及防护电击伤害。

The temperature controlled unit power circuit should de-energize automatically if the plug is accidentally withdrawn while in the "On" position. Also, the interlock mechanism should break the circuit while the pin and sleeve contacts are still engaged.

This provides total operator safety and protection against shock hazard while eliminating arcing damage to the plug and receptacle.

8.4 温度控制单元的动力输出应设计为人员在调控温度时不直接站在插座前面。

Temperature controlled unit power outlets should be designed to ensure that the worker is not standing directly in front of the socket when switching takes place.

8.5 温度控制单元的输出位置不应设计为活动电缆的布置会导致人员绊倒。

The positioning of the temperature controlled unit feed outlets should not be such that the flexible cabling needs to be laid out in such a way as to cause a tripping hazard.

8.6 需要操作温度控制单元电缆连接的码头工人或船员应接受培训来识别失效的电缆及插头。

Stevedores or ship's crew who are required to handle temperature controlled unit cables and/or connect and disconnect reefer units should be given training in recognizing defective wires and plugs.

8.7 应提供温度控制单元电缆的布置方法以免系固设备在操作中会掉落在上面。

Means or provisions should be provided to lay the temperature controlled unit cables in and protect them from lashing equipment falling on them during lashing operations.

8.8 失效或不能操作的温度控制单元插头或电气单元应该被识别并被标识为不可用。

Defective or inoperative temperature controlled unit plugs/electrical banks should be identified and confirmed as "locked out/tagged out" by the vessel.

9 参考资料R EFERENCES

国际劳工规则的应用– 在港安全与健康

ILO Code of Practice – Safety and Health in Ports

国际劳工公约152 – 在船坞工作的健康与安全。

ILO Convention 152 – Occupational Safety and Health in Dock Work

ISO标准3874 – 1型集装箱的操作和系固

ISO Standard 3874 – The Handling and Securing of Type 1 Freight Containers

1966国际载重线公约及1988议定书

International Convention on Load Lines, 1966, as modified by the 1988 LL Protocol

集装箱系固操作时的个人安全建议修正案（海安会/1263通函）

Revised Recommendation on safety of personnel during container securing operations (MSC.1/Circ.1263)

货物系固手册编制指南修正（海安会1/1353号通函）

Revised Guidelines for the preparation of the Cargo Securing Manual (MSC.1/Circ.1353/Rev.1).