最新初中英语语法 不定代词 讲义复习课程

最新初中英语语法 不定代词 讲义复习课程
最新初中英语语法 不定代词 讲义复习课程

不定代词

一、不定代词的定义:

不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫做不定代词。不定代词在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语或定语等。不定代词可以分为一般不定代词和复合不定代词。

二、一般不定代词及用法

1. some/any 含义:“一些”,既可以修饰可数名词,也可以修饰不可数名词。

区别:1). some用于陈肯句;any用于疑问句或否定句。

I can see some flowers, but I can`t see any apples.

2). some 用在疑问句中有表示请求或建议的功能;any用在肯定句中有强调或加强语气的功能,意为“任何”。Would you like some coffee?

You may come at any time.

2. many/much

注意:“many”和“much”前可有so, too等词进行修饰。

There are too many mistakes in your diary. So many people are waiting for the bus.

Sorry, I’m afraid I can’t go with you. I’ve got too much work to do.

3. few/a few/little/a little

He has a few friends.他有几个朋友。He has few friends. 他几乎没有朋友。

We still have a little time. There is little time left.

4. both, either, neither, all, every, none

5. “other” 、“another”、“others”和“the others”

I have two pencils. One is yellow, the other is red.

I don’t like this green pencil, please give me another one.

In our class, some students like playing football, others like playing basketball.

There are seven people in Running Man. One is a woman, and the others are men.

三、复合不定代词及用法

1. 复合不定代词的构成:复合不定代词是由some-,any-,no-,every-加上-one,-body,-thing 所组成的不定代词。

注意:形容词或else修饰复合不定代词时,形容词或else要置于复合不定代词之后。

There’s nothing else in the fridge.冰箱里没有其他的东西了。

2. some-类的复合不定代词常用于肯定句或征求意见的疑问句中;any-类的复合不定

代词常用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中。

Someone wants to talk with you. 有人想和你说话。

Can I have something to drink, please? 请问我可以喝点东西吗?

He doesn’t want to do anything. 他不想做任何事情。

3. any-类的复合不定代词与not连用,相当于no-类的复合不定代词。

There is not anything(= nothing) in that box. 那个盒子里没有什么东西。

4. no one可以用于回答who引导的疑问句,不能回答how many引导的疑问句。

---Who knows the answer to the question? 谁知道这个问题的答案。

---No one. 没有人知道。

5. every-类的复合不定代词与not连用,表示部分否定。

Not everybody likes watching TV. 并非人人都喜欢看电视。

Not everything is like what you said. 不是一切都像你说的那样。

6. –one类和-body类的复合不定代词之后可以加上-‘s构成所有格。

He just found someo ne’s wallet.他刚刚发现别人的钱包。

一、重难点

1.在否定句中not...any的意义相当于no。There isn’t any (= is no) water in the bottle.

2. some用于可数名词单数前,表示“某个”。Some careless man has taken my umbrella.

某个粗心大意的人拿走了我的雨伞。

3. everyone意为“人人、每人”,只指人,不指物,其后不能跟of短语;every one意为“每个”,可以指人,也可以指物,后面可以跟of短语。与every搭配的不定代词后,谓语用单数形式。

Everyone in the class passed the math exam.这次数学考试班上人人都及格了。

Every one of us must study hard.我们中每一位都必须努力学习。

二、易错点:

1. 在征求意见的疑问句中或希望得到肯定回答的疑问句中,常用some.

Would you like some dessert? 你要吃些甜点吗?

2. both和all与not连用时表示部分否定,意为“并非......都......”。如:

Both my parents are not doctors.并非我的父母都是医生。

3. each 表示“每一”,可以跟单数可数名词,也可以单独使用。each强调个体,可以用于两者之间,可以用于三者或三者以上之间,可以和of连用。在句中可以作主语、宾语或同位语。作主语时,谓语动词用单数。

Each student can spend 10yuan.每个学生能花10元钱。

Each of his children goes to a different school. 他的每个孩子都在不同的学校读书。

冠词

冠词是说明名词所表示的人或事物的一种虚词,置于名词之前,它不能离开名词而单独存在。冠词的分类:不定冠词、定冠词、零冠词。

一、不定冠词

1. 不定冠词的搭配:

不定冠词有a和an两个,表示“一个”,“一类”或“一”,可以说是单数名词的帽子,用于单数名词之前。

2. 不定冠词的用法

3. 不定冠词常用在某些固定词组中,

a lot (of) 许多,大量 a little 一点儿 a few 一些,少数几个

in a hurry 匆忙have a cold 感冒make a face 做鬼脸

a number of许多 a pair of 一对have a good time过得愉快

have a swim=swim have a walk=walk have a look=look

have a talk=talk

二、定冠词

定冠词只包含一个“the”,用在名词的前面,帮助指明名词的含义。区别于不定冠词,定冠词具有确定的意思,用以特指人或事物。

1. 定冠词的基本用法

2. 定冠词的其他用法

三、零冠词

零冠词是指名词前面没有不定冠词( a/an )、定冠词( the ),也没有其他限定词的现象。

1. 零冠词的基本用法

2. 不用冠词的其他情况

二、易错点:

1. 不定冠词a用在辅音音素前,而不是用在辅音字母前;an用在元音音素前,而不是用在元音字母前。如:a European, a university, an hour, an honest boy。

2. 零冠词中,国名、人名前不加冠词,是指单纯词形式的词,如:England, America, Frank;不能是合成词,如:the United States of America。

3. 当由介词by加交通工具表达交通方式时,不加冠词(但是由动词take加交通工具时,则需要用冠词),例如:by bus=take a bus; by taxi=take a taxi

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