定语从句语法完全总结
定语从句语法完全总结（含习题、答案）
1、定语从句的基本特征
一）被定语从句修饰的先行词的特征：是人还是物，以及将要在定语从句中所充当的成份。二）引导定语从句的关系代词或关系副词，代替先行词在定语从句中充当成份。选好哪种关系代词或关系副词非常重要。
2、在定语从句中能做主语的关系代词
who which that
例如：（关于who）
The number of people who lost homes reached as many as 250,000.
This is the man who helped me yesterday.
例句：（关于which）
A wide and busy road which was built like a bridge over another road fell onto the one below.
The building which stands near the river is our school.
例句：（关于that）
He asked to do things in a way that did not do harm to others.
Who is the man that is reading the newspaper over there?
You can take any seat that is free.
3、在定语从句中能做宾语的关系代词
who（whom）that which
例句：(关于who、whom)
This is the man whom we talked about.
The man whom you met in the school-
The old lady who you talked to is Jane’s grandmother.
例句：（关于that 、which）
This is the book which you want.
The letter that I received was from my father.
All that we have to do is to practise every day.
4、在定语从句中能做定语的关系代词
例句：
He lives in the room whose door is green.
The girl whose father is a doctor studies very well.
5、在定语从句中做时间状语的关系副词when
例句：
Oct 1,1949 was the day when the new China was founded.
I will never forget the day when I met Mr Liu.
6、在定语从句中做地点状语的关系副词where
This is the place where we lived for 5 years.
This is the house where he lived last year.
7、在定语从句中做原因状语的关系副词why
I know the reason why he came late.
Can you tell me the reason why you are late for school.
8、As 引导限制性定语从句时，先行词常有such 和 the same 修饰，as 在从句中不省略,as
也常修饰整个句子，可放在句末，甚至句中或句首。
He has bought the same type of bike as I have .
Such teachers as know Tom think him bright.
As we know,China is a developing country.
He,as we expected,came to the party on time.
定语从句：（二）
一、引导定语从句的关系词
指代人 who，whom，that
指代事物 which，that
所属关系 whose，of which
指地点 where
指时间 when
指原因 why
二、关系代词that和which在很多情况下可以互换，但下列情况只用that。
【1】
All ______ can be done has been done.
Do you have anything ________ you don’t understand ?
There is little _______ can be believed about it .
The book doesn’t say much ________ amuses children.
先行词是all ,everything,nothing,anything,something,much,little,none等不定代词，引导定语从句用that 。
【2】
Hamburg is the most beautiful city _______I’ve ever seen.
This is the best TV _______ is made in China.
The first museum _______ he visited in China was the History Museum.
先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时，引导定语从句用that 。
【3】
I’ve read all the books ________ you lent me.
No sample ________ we nave received is satisfactory.
Please send us any information ________ you have about the subject.
He is the only person _________ was present at the time.
先行词被any,some,no,much,few,little,every,all,very,only,last修饰时，引导定语从句用that 。
【4】
The famous writer and his works _________ the radio broadcast have aroused great interest among the students.
A victim is a person,animal or thing ________ suffers pain,death,harm,etc.
先行词中既有人又有事物时，引导定语从句用that .
【5】
Who _______ you have ever seen can do it better ?
Who _______ you are talking to is the young fellow ?
Who做先行词时，引导定语从句用that 。
三、不用that，而用which，who，whom的情况
【1】
He made the same mistakes again ,_____ made his parents very angry.
Yesterday I bought a dictionary,_______ cost me more than 100 yuan .
Mr Smith,_______ gave a talk several months ago,will come again.
My uncle has come back from abroad,________ I haven’t met for along time.
在非限制性定语从句中，指事物用which，指人用who或whom。
【2】
Her bag ,in ________ she put all her money,has been stolen.
This is the ring on ________ she spent 1000 dollars.
Xiao Wang ,with ________ I went to the concert, enjoy it very much.
在介词后面，指事物用which，指人用whom。
注意：如何判断介词
1、看定语从句中动词与介词的搭配
The girl _____ which he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him. He is the man _____ whom I think you can depend。
2、根据先行词判断，所用的介词与先行词搭配
The rate at which wild animals are being destroyed has increased.
This is our classroom ,in the front of which there is a teacher’s desk.
3、看定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配
He referred me to some reference books ______ which I am not very familiar.
4、名词/代词/数词+ of +which/whom
The committee consists of 20 members,5 of _______ are women.
The book contains 50 poems, most of ________ was written in 1930s.
There are two left, one of _______ is almost finished ,and the other of _______ is not quite.
I have a sentence , the meaning of _______ I don’t underst and.
四、Where 引导的定语从句。
先行词是表示地点的名词或含有地点意义的抽象名词，用引导定语从句。从句做状语。
This is the town where (= in which ) I spent my childhood.
The table where (= at which ) she is sitting is a new one.
I’ll show you the paint where you failed.
注意1：若定语从句缺主语或谓语，用which或that引导定语从句。
The library ________ students often study was on fire last night.
The library, _______ was built in the 1930s,needs repairing.
The library ________ you visited yesterday was built in 1990.
注意2：区分where引导的定语从句和状语从句
Where前面有被修饰的地点名词时，是定语从句，否则是状语从句。
When you read books ,you had better make a mark at the spot where you have any questions.
When you read books , you had better make a mark where you have any questions. 五、When 引导的定语从句
先行词是表示时间的名词，用when引导定语从句。从句作状语。
I’ll never forget the day when (= on which ) I met you.
This was the time when ( =at which ) he left for Beijing .
We will put off the outing until next week, when we won’t be busy.
注意：若定语从句缺主语或宾语，用which或that引导定语从句。
I’ll never forget the day when we first met in the park.
I’ll never forget the time which\that I spent on campus.
I’ll never forget the time which\that was spent with you.
六、why引导的定语从句。
先行词是表示原因的名词，用why引导定语从句。Why在从句中作状语。
This is the reason why ( = for which ) I didn’t come here.
但是也要注意：不是每句都能这样。
The reason which/that she gave was not true.
七、whose 引导的定语从句。
表示所属关系。
The river _________ banks are covered with trees flows into the sea.
八、As 引导限制性定语从句时，先行词常有such 和 the same 修饰，as 在从句中不省略。as也常修饰整个句子，可放在句末，甚至句中或句首。
For example:
He has bought the same type of bike as I have .
Such teachers as know Tom think him bright
As we know,China is a developing country.
He,as we expected,came to the party on time.
例题研究：
[例1] Friendship is needed by all, _____ plays an important role in people’s lives.
A. which
B. that
C. who
D. it
[例2] Uncle Li _____ I worked three years ago has retired now.
A. who
B. whom
C. with whom
D. to whom
[例3] Is this the reason _____ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work ?
A. he explained
B. what he explained
C. how he explained
D. why he explained [例4] Teachers, _____ work is rather hard, are being better paid than before.
A. who
B. that
C. which
D. whose
[例5 ] The Olympic Games , _____ in 776 BC, didn’t included women players until 1912.
A. first playing
B. to be first played
C. first played
D. to be first playing
[例6] The houses _____ for the teachers and the construction work will start soon.
A. built
B. to be built
C. to build
D. being built
[例7] How many of us_____, a meeting that is not important to us would be interested in the discussion?
A. attended
B. attending
C. to attend
D. have attended
[例8] She has three children, _____ is working in Australia.
A. who
B. one of whom
C. one of them
D. none of them
【模拟试题】
1. Susan is the very girl _____ the good deed.
A. whom I think did
B. whom I think she did
C. who I think did
D. I think who did
2. Luckily, the poor boy had enough money _____ he could buy a train ticket.
A. by which
B. on which
C. with which
D. for which
3. The book _____ he devoted much time is to come out next month.
A. where
B. which
C. to which
D. on which
4. The day came finally _____ I was given an opportunity to act in the play.
A. when
B. in that
C. which
D. in which
5. 1. Don’t you think the question _____ tomorrow is of great importance.
A. being discussed
B. discussed
C. to be discussed
D. to discuss
6. The food _____ at the moment is for the dinner party.
A. cooked
B. to be cooked
C. is being cooked
D. being cooked
7. Do you know the teacher _____ under the big tree ?
A. read
B. reads
C. reading
D. being read
定语从句练习
一、
（1）在定语从句中能做主语的关系代词包括who、which、that
翻译：这就是我昨天帮过的人
翻译：坐落在河边的那座建筑就是我的学校（which）
The building
翻译：坐在那看报纸的人是谁？（that）
Who is the man
翻译：你可以坐任何一个空座位（that）
You can _____ any seat
（2）在定语从句中能做宾语的关系代词包括who（whom）、 that、which
翻译：这就是我们谈论的那个人（who、whom）
This is the man
翻译：昨天和我们一起玩的那个女孩子叫珍妮（who、whom）
The girl
翻译：这就是你想要的书（that、which）
This is
翻译：我收到的那封信是我爸爸寄来的（that、which）
The letter
（3）在定语从句中能做定语的关系代词whose
翻译：他住的房间的门是绿色的
He lives in the room
翻译：那个父亲是医生的女孩子学习很好
The girl
（4）在定语从句中做时间状语的关系副词when
翻译：1949年10月1日式新中国成立的日子
（5）在定语从句中做地点状语的关系副词where
翻译：这就是我住了三年的地方
（6）在定语从句中做原因状语的关系副词why
翻译：我不知道他来晚了的原因
翻译：你能告诉我你为什么上学迟到的原因吗
（7）As 引导限制性定语从句时，先行词常有such 和 the same 修饰，as 在从句中不省略,as也常修饰整个句子，可放在句末，甚至句中或句首。
翻译：她买了和我一样类型的自行车
She has bought
翻译：众所周知，中国是一个发展中国家。
翻译：就像我预期的一样，他准时来到了聚会
He，
定语从句（二）
一、引导定语从句的关系词
指代人三个
指代事物两个
所属关系两个
指地点
指时间
指原因
二、关系代词that和which在很多情况下可以互换，但下列情况只用that。
（1）先行词是all ,everything,nothing,anything,something,much,little,none等不定代词，引导定语从句用that 。
翻译：所有能做的事我们都做了
翻译：你还有什么不懂得问题吗
Do you have anything
（2）先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时，引导定语从句用that 。
翻译：北京是我从没见过的最漂亮的城市
翻译：我摆放的第一位老师是我的数学老师
The first teacher
（3）先行词被any,some,no,much,few,little,every,all,very,only,last修饰时，引导定语从句用that 。
翻译：我已经读完了你借给我的所有的书
翻译：她是昨天唯一的出席的人
（4）先行词中既有人又有事物时，引导定语从句用that .
翻译：广播中报道的那个有名的作家和他的作品引起(arise)了我的兴趣。
The famous writer and his works
（5）Who做先行词时，引导定语从句用that 。
翻译：你所见过的人谁还能做得更好呢？
Who
翻译：那个刚刚和你一起说话的小伙子（young fellow）是谁啊？
Who
三、不用that，而用which，who，whom的情况
（1）在非限制性定语从句中，指事物用which，指人用who或whom。
翻译：我又犯了同样错误，使我的妈妈飞上生气
翻译：史密斯先生，几个月前来过抚州的那个，又要来了
（2）在介词后面，指事物用which，指人用whom。
翻译：这就是他花了100块钱买的书
This is the book
翻译：珍妮，和我一起上学的人，读英语很流利（fluently）
小专题：如何判断要用的介词
1、看定语从句中动词与介词的搭配
The girl _____ which he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him. He is the man _____ whom I think you can depend。
2、根据先行词判断，所用的介词与先行词搭配
The rate at which wild animals are being destroyed has increased.
This is our classroom ,in the front of wh ich there is a teacher’s desk.
3、看定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配
He referred me to some reference books ______ which I am not very familiar.
4、名词/代词/数词+ of +which/whom
The committee consists of 20 members,5 of _______ are women.
The book contains 50 poems, most of ________ was written in 1930s.
There are two left, one of _______ is almost finished ,and the other of _______ is not quite.
I have a sentence , the meaning of _______ I don’t understand.
四、Where 引导的定语从句。
先行词是表示地点的名词或含有地点意义的抽象名词，用引导定语从句。从句做状语。
翻译：这就是我读过我童年的村子（思考where等价于什么）
注意1：若定语从句缺主语或谓语，用which或that引导定语从句。
The library ________ students often study was on fire last night.
The library, _______ was built in the 1930s,needs repairing.
The library ________ you visited yesterday was built in 1990.
注意2：区分where引导的定语从句和状语从句
Where前面有被修饰的地点名词时，是定语从句，否则是状语从句。
When you read books ,you had better make a mark at the spot where you have any questions.
When you read books , you had better make a mark where you have any questions. 五、When 引导的定语从句
先行词是表示时间的名词，用when引导定语从句。从句作状语。
翻译：我永远不会忘记我遇见你的那一天（思考where等价于什么）
翻译：这就是他离开抚州的时间
This was
注意：若定语从句缺主语或宾语，用which或that引导定语从句。
I’ll never forget the day when we first met in the park.
I’ll never forget the time which\that I spent on campus.
I’ll never forget the time which\that was spent with you.
六、why引导的定语从句。
先行词是表示原因的名词，用why引导定语从句。Why在从句中作状语。
翻译:这就是为什么我没来得原因
注意：不是每句都能这样。
The reason which/that she gave was not true.
七、whose 引导的定语从句。表示所属关系。
翻译：河床上有很多树的那条河流向大海（flows into the sea.）
八、As 引导限制性定语从句时，先行词常有such 和the same 修饰，as 在从句中不省略。as也常修饰整个句子，可放在句末，甚至句中或句首。
For example:（体会一下）
He has bought the same type of bike as I have .
Such teachers as know Tom think him bright
As we know,China is a developing country.
He,as we expected,came to the party on time.
定语从句就是这些，把他们用在各种题型，你的定语从句的20分就到手了！！
花几天的时间还来的是永久的收获，克服懒惰！克服逆反情绪！
No pain,no gain!
1、分析：_____ plays an important role in people’s lives为非限定性定语从句修饰先行词Friendship用which连接定语从句。
答案：A
2、
分析：_____ I worked three years ago作为定语从句修饰先行词Uncle Li，从句完整的表达是：I worked with Uncle Li three years ago. 所以关系词前应加上介词with。
答案：C
3、分析：定语从句_____ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work修饰先行词the reason 指“他在会上就他工作中的粗心解释的原因。先行词在从句中做宾语。
答案：A
4、分析：非限定性定语从句_____ work is rather hard修饰先行词teachers, 它与从句中的work是从属关系，关系词用whose
答案：D
5、分析：公元前776年被首次举行的奥运会，直到1912年才容纳女运动员。_____in 776 BC做定语修饰The Olympic Games，指过去的内容，表示被动。用done做定语。
答案：C
6、分析：根据句意房子即将开工。_____ for the teachers and the construction work修饰The houses应为The houses The houses将要为教师和施工修建的房子。
答案：B
7、分析：根据句意：比如说，我们当中参加一个对我们毫不重要的会议的人会有多少人对这个讨论感兴趣呢？_____, say, a meeting that is not important to us修饰How many of us 做定语。与全句动作同步.
答案：B
8、分析：非限定性定语从句__ is working in Australia修饰先行词three children，根据从句中的is判断，是说：三个孩子中的一个在澳大利亚工作。
答案：B
【试题答案】
1. C Susan 正是我认为作了好事的那位女孩。先行词the very girl在从句中做think的宾语，同时又是后面宾语从句did the good deed.的主语，所以关系词不能用whom
2. C 定语从句_____ he could buy a train ticket.修饰先行词money：用这笔钱买火车票。关系词前面需要加介词：with
3. C 定语从句_____ he devoted much time意思是：他把大量的时间都投入在这本书上了。
devote….to sth.关系词前加介词：to
4. A 定语从句_____ I was given an opportunity to act in the play修饰先行词the day ：先行词the day在从句中做时间状语：在这一天我得到了扮演一个角色的机会。
5. C 短语_____ tomorrow做定语修饰the question，根据表达的内容：明天即将被讨论的问题。应当用不定式的被动结构做定语。
6. D 短语_____ at the moment做the food的定语,表示：正在做的食物。Being done 做定语表示：正在被……的……。
7. C 现在分词短语reading under the big tree做定语修饰the teacher 表示：正在大树下看书的那位老师。