红字简介

作品简介

19世纪美国浪漫主义作家霍桑的长篇小说。发表于1850年。

小说以两百多年前的殖民地时代的美洲为题材，但揭露的却是19世纪资本主义发展时代美利坚合众国社会典法的残酷、宗教的欺骗和道德的虚伪。主人公海丝特被写成了崇高道德的化身。她不但感化了表里不一的丁梅斯代尔，同时也在感化着充满罪恶的社会。

至于她的丈夫奇林渥斯，小说则把他写成了一个一心只想窥秘复仇的影子式的人物。他在小说中只起情节铺垫的作用。

小说惯用象征手法，人物、情节和语言都颇具主观想象色彩，在描写中又常把人的心理活动和直觉放在首位。因此，它不仅是美国浪漫主义小说的代表作，同时也被称作是美国心理分析小说的开创篇。

introduction

The nineteenth century American romantic writers hawthorne novel. Published in 1850.

Novels by two hundred years ago of the colonial time America as subject matter, but revealed is the 19 th century development of capitalism of the United States of America DianFa society of the era of deceit and cruelty, religious moral hypocrisy. Master the high seas, silk is written for high moral incarnation. She not only influenced hypocritical dimmesdale, and also in the social reform of iniquity.

As for her husband, Lin, ward, the novel he wrote an over-allocation peep the shadow of secret revenge the character of type. He in the novel only plays the role of the plot matting.

Novel idiomatic symbolism, character, plot and language is a subjective imagine colour, in writing and often put people in the psychological activity and intuition in the first place. Therefore, it is not only the American romantic fiction masterpiece, also known as is the American psychological analysis of the creation of novel articles.

英文简介

The Scarlet Letter makes Hawthorne who is a famous American writer known all over the world. The story begins in 17th century, Boston, then a puritan settlement. The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne used the scarlet letters to symbolize the harshness of Puritan society, showing how they branded sinners for life. Although Puritan society is unforgiving towards the sinful scarlet letter, their strictness improved the bearers of the sin. The scarlet letter was also an example of how Puritan society will always remember the sin. “When strangers looked curiously at the scarlet letter-and none failed to do so, they branded it afresh into Hester’s soul.” A letter “A” but freshly green, instead of scarlet was created by her, showing how Hawthorne made a jest at the punishment Puritans put upon Hester. And the scarlet letter was also a toy to Pearl, something that she enjoyed. Hawthorne uses the scarlet letter to depict his feelings of the exaggerated emotions of the puritans and their overly dramatThe Scarlet Letter

英文简介

the scarlet letter was declared a classic almost immediately after its publication in 1850, and it has stayed in print and in favor ever since. it has been hailed both as the first symbolic novel and as the first psychological novel(even though it was written before there was a science called psychology). but what really secures the place of the scarlet letter in the literary history is its treatment of human nature, sin, guilt, and pride--all timeless, universal

themes--from a uniquely american point of view.

in the decades that followed the american revolution, the united states struggled to distinguish itself culturally from europe. there was a sense that if the united states were to become a great nation, it needed to have its own artistic traditions, not transplanted imitations of european models. hawthorne rose to this challenge. the scarlet letter is set in the mid-seventeenth century in a puritan colony on the edge of an untamed forest still inhabited by native americans. the landscape is wholly american. in the book, hawthorne manages to put his finger on several thematic elements that came to define the american national identity: the effects of the strict religious morality, the long struggle against a vast frontier, the troubled relationship between white settlers and native americans. these issues were just as relevant in hawthorne's day

as they were in puritan times, and the way americans and the united states government addressed these issues shaped the development of the nation. what is perhaps even more remarkable about this 150-year-old story if that its characters face the same moral struggles as readers in the twenty-first century. in puritan massachusetts, morality was strictly legislated and church and state were one and the same. although church and state have been separate legally since the bill of rights was ratified in 1791, issues of morality, personal freedom, and public life are still hot topics of national debate. should politicans be called to account for their personal lives? must public figures serve as role models？does our government have a right to make laws controlling, private behavior?

in puritan colonies, sinners were often branded with a hot iron and put up on a scaffold for public mockery. we no longer use actual branding irons on the people whose moral failings we condemn. but modern media are far more effective than scaffolds for holding people up for public scrutiny, and the american public's readiness to judge the sins of others remains just as strong as it was 350 years ago. modern readers will see much of themselves in the characters of the scarlet letter.

小说《红字》的作者纳塞尼尔·霍桑的英文简介

Nathaniel Hawthorne (born Nathaniel Hathorne; July 4, 1804 – May 19, 1864) was an American novelist and short story writer.

Nathaniel Hathorne was born in 1804 in the city of Salem, Massachusetts to Nathaniel Hathorne and Elizabeth Clarke Manning Hathorne. His ancestors include John Hathorne, a judge during the Salem Witch Trials. Nathaniel later added a "w" to make his name "Hawthorne". He entered Bowdoin College in 1821, was elected to Phi Beta Kappa in 1824,[1] and graduated in 1825. Hawthorne anonymously published his first work, a novel titled Fanshawe, in 1828. He published several short stories in various periodicals which he collected in 1837 as Twice-Told Tales. The next year, he became engaged to Sophia Peabody. He worked at a Custom House and joined Brook Farm, a transcendentalist community, before marrying Peabody in 1842. The couple moved to The Old Manse in Concord, Massachusetts, later moving to Salem, the Berkshires, then to The Wayside in Concord. The Scarlet Letter was published in 1850, followed by a succession of other novels. A political appointment took Hawthorne and family to Europe before their return to The Wayside in 1860. Hawthorne died on May 19, 1864, leaving behind his wife and their three children.

Much of Hawthorne's writing centers on New England, many works featuring moral allegories with a Puritan inspiration. His fiction works are considered part of the Romantic movement and, more specifically, dark romanticism. His themes often center on the inherent evil and sin of humanity, and his works often have moral messages and deep psychological complexity. His published works include novels, short stories, and a biography of his friend Franklin Pierce.