中餐菜谱翻译

1.常见的用料鸡 chicken

鸭 duck

鹅 goose

鱼类 fish

肉类 meat

猪肉 pork

牛肉 beef

小牛肉 veal

羊肉 mutton

小羊肉 lamb

牛尾 oxtail

里脊 fillet

排骨 spare ribs 腰子 kidney

肚子 tripe

肝 liver 舌 tongue

下水 offals

蹄子 trotter

胗 gizzard

鸡什 giblets

鹿肉 venison

鸡脯 chicken breast 甲鱼 turtle

海味 seafood

虾 shrimp

干贝 scallop

螃蟹 crab

鱿鱼 squid

海蜇 jellyfish

黄鳝 finless eel

海螺 whelk

野味 game

兔 rabbit

鸽 pigeon

鹌鹑 quail

龙虾 lobster

牡蛎 oyster

田螺 snail

田鸡 frog

蛇 snake

腌肉 bacon

香肠 sausage

火腿 ham.

熊掌bear’s paw

鱼翅shark’s fin

燕窝bird’s nest

鲍鱼 abalone

2.切煮前的准备工作

去骨 boning 例如,去骨鸭掌 boned duck webs 打鳞 scaling 例如,去鳞鱼 scaled fish

剥/去皮skinning 例如,去皮田鸡 skinned frogs 脱壳 shelling 例如,虾仁 shelled shrimps

腌制 pickling 例如,咸酸菜 pickled vegetables

3.常用刀法及用料形状

(1)常用刀法

切片 slice 切丝 shred 切丁 dice 切柳 fillet 切碎 mince 捣烂 mash 酿入 stuff

(2)常用用料形状

肉/鱼片 sliced meat/fish 或 meat/fish slices 肉丝 shredded meat或pork shreds

肉/鸡丁 diced pork/chicken或meat/chicken cubes

肉末 minced meat

肉丸 meat balls

肉馅 meat filling

4.中餐菜谱翻译法

(1)直译法。英译时把对应的制作方法译出来,再以该菜的主要原料为中心词。如:炖牛肉 Stewed Beef

(2)直译加注法。英译时直接按中文菜名译出其意,然后再补充说明其内在含义。如:

狮子头Lion’s H ead——Pork Meat Balls

全家福 Happy Family——A combination of shrimps, pork, beef, chicken, lobster and mixed vegetables with brown sauce)

(3)意译法。此法可分为三种情况:

1)原料+with+作料。以原料为中心词,有时捎带把烹调法也译出,再加上用介词with或in与作料构成的短语即可。如:

海米白菜 Chinese Cabbage with Dried Shrimps

鱼香肉丝 Shredded Pork with Garlic Sauce

2)作料+原料。即把作料用作修饰语,放在中心词原料的前面。

如:咖喱牛肉 Curry Beef 古老肉 Sweet & Sour Pork

3)以“实”对“虚”法。即舍去中菜名里的喻义、夸张等说法而用平直、明白的英语译出如:以财好市 Black Moss Cooked with Oysters

采凤喜迎春 Baked Chicken and Fried Quail Eggs

蚂蚁上树 Vermicelli with Spicy Minced Pork

龙虎凤大烩 Thick Soup of Snake, Cat and Chicken

(4)“移花接木”法。借用西方人熟悉并了解的欧洲菜名或主食名来译部分中菜名与少数主食,因为它们之间有许多相似之处。译文地道、通俗易懂,能收到事半功倍的效果。如:烤排骨 Barbecued Spare Ribs 饺子 Chinese-style Ravioli

(5)音译加释义法。先按中文用拼音译出,然后再加以解释性的英译,使英译文保留点“中国味”。如:包子 Baozi——Stuffed Bun 馒头 Mantou——Steamed Bread

(6)“随机应变”法:

原料+地名+Style。应用此法可以灵活地处理一些难以对付的地方风味特色。

如:广东龙虾 Lobster Cantonese Style 麻婆豆腐 Bean Curd Sichuan Style

5.中餐常见的烹调方法

中菜的烹调方法至少有50多种,但大体不离:煮(boiling)、煲/炖(stewing)、烧/焖/烩(braising)、煎(frying)、炒(stir-frying)、爆(quick-frying)、炸(deep-frying)、扒(frying and simmering)、煸(sautéing)、煨(simmering)、熏(smoking)、烤(roasting/barbecuing)、烘(baking)、蒸(steaming)、白灼(scalding)等基本方法。

煮boiled 如“煮咸牛肉”(Boiled Corned Beef)

煲/炖stewed 如“清炖牛尾”(Stewed Ox Tail n Clear Soup)

煎(pan-)fried 如“红烧牛蹄”(Braised Ox Trotters in Brown Sauce)

炒stir-fried 如“炒鸡丁”(Stir-Fried Chicken Dices)

爆quick-fried 如“葱爆羊肉”(Quick-Fried Lamb with Scallion in Ginger Sauce)炸deep-fried 如“炸大虾”(Deep-Fried Prawns)

扒fried and simmered 如“虾子扒海参”(Fried and Simmered Sea Cucumber with Shrimp Roe)

煸sautéed如“干煸鳝鱼”(Sautéed Eel Slices)

煨simmered 如“煨牛肉”(Simmered Beef)

焖braised 如“黄酒焖猪排”(Braised Pork Chops in Rice Wine)

烩braised 如“烩鸡丝”(Braised Chicken Shreds with Peas)

烘baked 如“烘鸽”(Baked Pigeon)

蒸steamed 如“蒸鲜鱼”(Steamed Fresh Fish)

酱/醋marinated 如“酱鸡”(Marinated Chicken),

卤spicy; stewed in gravy 如“卤鸭”(Spicy Duck)

涮instant-boiled 如“涮羊肉”(Instant-Boiled Mutton Slices)

酿stuffed 如“酿青椒”(Stuffed Green Pepper)

烤roast; barbecued 如“烤鹅”(Roast Goose)

清蒸steamed(in clear soup) 如“清蒸桂鱼”(Steamed Mandarin Fish)

清炖stewed in clear soup 如“清炖甲鱼”(Stewed Turtle in Clear Soup)

白灼/嫩煮scalded 如“白灼海虾”(Scalded Prawns)

红烧braised in brown sauce 如“红烧蹄筋”(Braised Pork Tendon in Brown Sauce)干烧in pepper sauce 如“干烧干贝”(Scallop in Pepper Sauce)

麻辣with hot pepper 如“麻辣豆腐”(Bean Curd with Hot Pepper/Spice Bean Curd)酱爆in bean sauce 如“酱爆肉丁”(Diced Pork in Bean Sauce)

鱼香in (spicy)garlic sauce 如“鱼香肉丝”(Shredded Pork in Garlic Sauce)

糖醋with sweet and sour sauce如“糖醋排骨”(Spareribs with Sweet and Sour Sauce)宫保with chili and peanuts 如“宫保鸡丁”(Diced Chicken with Chili and Peanuts)

脆皮crisp (in spicy sauce) 如“脆皮鱼”(Cris p Fish)

香酥crisp fried 如“香酥鸡”(Crisp Fried Chicken)

焦熘fried in sauce 如“焦溜鱼片”(Fried Fish Slices in Sauce)

甜酸sweet and sour 如“甜酸肉”(Sweet & Sour Pork)

胡辣with pepper and chili 如“胡辣海参”(Sea Slug with Pepper and Chili)

油淋drip-fried with oil 如“油淋兔”(Drip-Fried Rabbit with oil)

干煸dry-sautéed如“干煸季豆”(Dry-Sautéed String Beans)

盐水boiled in salt water 如“盐水虾”(Boiled Shrimps in Salt Water)

家常home style 如“家常豆腐”(Bean Curd Home Style)

陈皮with spicy orange peel 如“陈皮鸡”(Chicken in Spicy Orange Peel)

回锅double-sautéed如“回锅肉”(Double-Sautéed Pork Slices)

五香spiced 如“五香牛肉”(Spiced Beef)

干炸dry deep-fried 如“干炸羊肉”(Dry Deep-Fried Lamb Breast)

软炸soft deep-fried 如“软炸里脊”(Soft-Fried Pork Fillet)

酥炸crisp deep-fried 如“酥炸羊脯”(Crisp Fried Lamb Breast)

串烤skewered 如“串烤羊肉青椒”(Sk ewered Mutton with Green Pepper)

铁扒grilled 如“铁扒乳鸽”(Grilled Baby Pigeon)

烧烤roast 如“烤乳猪”(Roast Suckling Pig)

砂锅in casserole 如“砂锅鱼翅”(Shark’s Fin in Casserole)

锅巴with sizzling/crispy rice crust如“锅巴海参”(Sea Slug with Sizzling/Crispy Rice Crust)

芙蓉with eggwhite 如“芙蓉海参”(Sea Cucumbers with Eggwhite)

麻酱with sesame paste 如“麻酱海参”(Beche-de-mer with Sesame Paste)

三鲜with two other delicacies如“三鲜海参”(Sea Cucumbers with Other Two Delicacies)

醋溜sautéed in vinegar sauce/gravy如“醋溜白菜”(Sautéed Cabbage

in Vinegar Sauce/Gravy)

糟熘in distilled grains sauce 如“糟溜鸡片”(Sliced Chicken in Distilled Grains Sauce)

凉拌in soy sauce 如“凉拌海蜇”(Jellyfish in Soy Sauce)

酸辣hot and sour 如“酸辣黄瓜”(Hot and Sour Cucumber)

姜汁in ginger sauce 如“姜汁扁豆”(Snap Beans in Ginger Sauce)

蚝油in oyster sauce 如“蚝油香菇”(Mushrooms in Oyster Sauce)

蒜泥with mashed garlic 如“蒜泥胡豆”(Broad Beans with Mashed Garlic)

什锦mixed; assorted 如“什锦丝冬粉”(Assorted Shreds with Vermicelli)

茄汁in tomato sauce 如“茄汁鸡脯”(Chicken Breast in Tomato Sauce)

咖喱with curry 如“咖喱牛肉”(Frie d Beef with Curry)

八宝(stuffed)with eight delicacies 如“八宝鸡”(Chicken Stuffed with Eight Delicacies)

葱爆quick-fried with scallion in ginger sauce 如“葱爆羊

肉”(Quick-Fried Lamb with Scallion in Ginger Sauce)

粉蒸steamed in rice flour 如“粉蒸牛肉”(Steamed Beef in Rice Flour)

奶油in cream sauce 如“奶油鱼肚”(Fried Fish Maw in Cream Sauce)

木犀with scrambled eggs and fungus 如“木犀肉”(Fried Pork with Scrambled Eggs and Fungus)

醉liquor-preserved 如“醉蟹”(Liquor-Preserved Crabs)

辣味in chili sauce 如“辣味烩虾”(Braised Prawns in Chili Sauc e)

豆豉in black bean sauce 如“豆豉桂鱼”(Mandarin Fish in Black Bean Sauce)

黄焖braised in rice wine 如“黄焖大虾”(Braised Prawns in Rice Wine)

椒盐with pepper and salt 如“椒盐排骨”(Spare Ribs with Pepper and Salt)

怪味multi-flavored 如“怪味鸡”(Multi-flavored Chicken)

常见蔬菜Vegetables

芹菜 celery

菠菜 spinach

西葫芦 summer squash/field pumpkin 茄子 eggplant

苦瓜bitter gourd/balsam

冬瓜 wax gourd/winter melon

辣椒 hot/red pepper/chilli

韭菜 Chinese leek

葱 scallion

香菜 coriander

胡萝卜 carrot

白萝卜 white radish

蒜薹 garlic

白菜 Chinese cabbage 菜花 cauliflower 柿子椒 sweet pepper

豆芽 bean sprout

竹笋 bamboo shoot

芦笋 asparagus

藕 lotus root

荸荠 water chestnut 芸豆 kidney bean 豇豆 cowpea

刀豆 jack/sword bean 扁豆 hyacinth

豌豆 pea

蚕豆 broad bean

红豆 aduki bean

绿豆 mung bean

芥蓝 kale/cabbage mustard 青菜 greens/vegetables 红薯 sweet potato

生菜 romaine lettuce

空心菜 water spinach

海带 kelp

紫菜 laver 粉条 vermicelli/bean noodles

醪糟 fermented glutinous rice

油菜 cole榨菜tuber mustard

黄花菜day-lily buds

丝瓜 sponge squash

木耳fungus

银耳 tremella(white wood fungus) 芋头taro

常见水果及干果

蜜橘 tangerine

红橘 mandarin orange 无花果 fig

荔枝 lichee

枇杷 loquat

龙眼 longan

芒果 mango

樱桃 cherry

葡萄柚 grape fruit

柿子 persimmon 山楂 haw 桑葚 mulberry

石榴 pomegranate

香瓜 musk melon

栗子 chestnut

核桃 walnut

榛子 hazel nut

槟榔 betel nut

椰子 coconut

白果 gingko

枣 date

甜瓜 cantaloupe

开心果 pistachio

腰果 cashew

葡萄干 raisin

杏仁 almond

葵花子 sunflower seeds 西瓜子 water melon seeds

南瓜子 pumpkin seeds 河鲜与海味

桂鱼 mandarin fish

鲤鱼 carp

黄花鱼 yellow croaker 鲫鱼 crucian carp

银鱼 white bait

带鱼 hair-tail fish

对虾 prawn

鲇鱼 catfish

海参 sea cucumber/sea slug 墨鱼cuttlefish 鳝鱼eel

草鱼 grass carp