过去分词作定语
过去分词作定语
1. 单个过去分词作定语, 通常前置
a. 及物动词的过去分词，具有被动和完成的意义。
a broken cup
a wounded soldier
an unexpected guest
the excited crowd
b. 不及物动词的过去分词，具有主动和完成意义。
a retired officer
C. 合成的过去分词
a much-needed reform
state-owned enterprises
2. 过去分词短语作定语：通常后置，其作用相当于定语从句。
a letter written in pencil
= a letter which was written in pencil
the machines produced last year
过去分词与现在分词的区别：
1 语态不同：现在分词表示主动，及物动词的过去分词表示被动注：不及物动词的过去分词只有“完成”含义，而不表示被动The falling leaves the fallen leaves
2 时间关系不同：现在分词作定语，多表示“动作正在
进行”或“与谓语同时进行”或“经常性”。
过去分词作定语，则多表示分词动作“先于位于动词表
示的动作” 或“ 没有一定的时间性”
1.Do you know the boy ____(lie) under the big tree?
2. “Can’t you read?” Mary said angrily ____(point) to
the notice.
3 The woman _____(sell) vegetables has gone.
4.The wheat is watered by water _____(bring) from a pond.
5. He is a leader________ (respect) by the people.
3 及物动词的过去分词(done)与现在分词的被动式
(being done)都可以表示“被动”，但前者多表示一个
完成了的动作，而后者则表示一个正在进行的动作.
the problem discussed yesterday
The problem being discussed
1. We lived in the house __built by my uncles
________________
(我舅舅们修建的).
2. Any medicine ___taken_____(服用) without the advice of a doctor can cause trouble.
3. We spent two hours discussing the plan __made by her __
______________ (她制定的).
4. _____________ (开水)
5. ________________ (一个破碎的茶杯)
6. three ____________________ (受伤的士兵)
1. Most of the people __invited to the party
_________________
(被邀请参加宴会的) were famous scientists.
2. Lessons ____learned easily
_________ (易学的)are soon
forgotten.
** ____Easily-learned
_________ (易学的) lessons are soon
forgotten.
3. The computer center ____opened/started
_____________
(开办) last week is popular with the students .
9. Prices of daily goods ___ through a computer can be lower than some store prices.
A. are bought
B. bought
C. been bought
D. buying
10. Mr Smith, ____ of the ___ speech, started to read a novel.
A. tired; boring
B. tiring; bored
C. tired; bored
D. tiring; boring
分词
分词作定语
分词作状语
连词+分词(短语)
分词作补语
分词作表语
分词作插入语
分词的时态
分词的语态
1 分词作定语
分词前置
We can see the rising sun. 我们可以看到东升的旭日
He is a retired worker.他是位退休的工人
分词后置(i.分词词组；ii. 个别分词如given, left；iii.)
There was a girl sitting there.有个女孩坐在那里
This is the question given.这是所给的问题
过去分词作定语
与其修饰的词是被动关系，相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。
Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists.
Most of the artists invited to the party were from South Africa.
In Africa there is a tribe called cannibal. People live on a small island surrounded by the sea. They have eaten up all the animals, plants and vegetables, so they want to eat everything. (过去分词作后置定语)
One day a father and his son saw a ship in distance coming towards them. Suddenly the wind began and the ship sank. They heard, “ help, help.” They saw a beautiful girl lying on the beach. The shouted happily, “daddy, we have food now.”Then the father said, “ no, no, no, don’t eat her, leave her to me. Let’s eat your mother, because your mother is too ugly.”（现在分词作宾语补足语）
典型例题
1) The first textbook ___ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.
A. have written
B. to be written
C. being written
D. written
2）What's the language ____ in Germany?
A. speaking
B. spoken
C. be spoken
D. to speak
What's the language (which is) spoken in German?
1.现在分词作定语
我们刚刚讲过过去分词作定语，这里再学习现在分词作定语。我们前面曾经将现在分词和动名词统统称为“动词的ing形式”，这里我们也无需过细地去分析它们的区别，大家只需知道：动词的ing形式首先表示“正在发生着”的动作或行为；其次，要知道它表示的是主动的含义，不是被动的。
示例1：The most surprising thing about it, however, is that it can land anywhere.(surprising作定语，修饰thing)
示例2：The ball went towards a passing boat.(passing作定语，修饰boat)
2.定语从句的继续
定语从句作为一种高级的表达方式，同时作为拉长句子的手段，是一个重点，所以，我们将不断强化它的运用。同时，我们也接触到了定语从句的简化方式，这里将进行更为系统化的研究。
请记住：定语从句的简化必须符合一个根本条件：关系代词在定语从句中作主语(作宾语时可以省略，但不能简化)！如果具备了这个条件，便可以进行简化，而且，简化后的形式在语言表达的水平上被视为高于定语从句。
再请记住：符合简化条件的定语从句是这样简化的：如果定语从句的谓语动词中有be 动词的各种形式，那么，砍掉关系代词和be动词的各种形式就完成了；如果定语从句的谓语动词中没有be动词的各种形式，那么，需要把谓语动词变为ing形式。
示例1：The Wayle is a small river which/that cuts across the park near my home.(由下面两句话合并而来：The Wayle is a small river. It cuts across the park near my home.)
简化方式：The Wayle is a small river cutting across the park near my home.
示例2：There were some people rowing on the river.(划线部分作some people的定语，本身就是简化式，我们可以把它还原为从句)
从句形式：There were some people who were rowing on the river.
示例3：Some people on the bank called out to the man in the boat.
从句形式：Some people on the bank called out to the man who was in the boat.
Part III：综合训练
The Wayle is a small river (1) cuts across the park near my home. I like (2 sit) (3) the Wayle (4) fine afternoons. It was warm last Sunday, (5) I went (6) sat (7) the river bank (8) usual. Some children were playing games (9) the bank (10) there were some people (11) were rowing (12) the river. Suddenly, one of the children kicked a ball (13) hard (14) it went towards a (15 pass) boat. Some people (16) the bank called out (17) the man (18) the boat, (19) he did not hear them. The ball (20 strike) the man (21) hard (22) he nearly fell (23) the water. The man turned to look at the children, (24) there weren’t any (25) sight. (26 see) (27) the ball had struck the man (28) the boat, they all ran away. The man laughed (29) he realized what had happened. He called out (30) the children (31) (32 throw) the ball back (33) the bank.
答案：
(1) which//that; (2) sitting; (3) by; (4) on; (5) so; (6) and; (7) on; (8) as;
(9) on; (10) and; (11) who; (12) on; (13) so; (14) that; (15) passing; (16) on; (17) to; (18) in; (19) but; (20) struck; (21) so; (22) that; (23) into; (24) but; (25) in; (26) Seeing; (27) that; (28) in; (29) when; (30) to; (31) and; (32) threw; (33) to
Part IV：句型转换
将下面句子进行最大程度的合并：
1. The Wayle is a small river. I like sitting by the Wayle on fine afternoons.
同位语
非限制
2. I like sitting by a small river. This river cuts across the park near my home.
定语从句非谓语
3. It was warm last Sunday. I went and sat on the river bank as usual.
独立主格
4. Some children were playing games on the bank. There were some people. These people were rowing on the river.
5. Suddenly, one of the children kicked a ball very hard. It went towards a passing boat.
6. Some people on the bank called out to the man in the boat. He did not hear them.
7. The ball struck the man very hard. He nearly fell into the water.
8. The man turned to look at the children. There weren’t any in sight.
9. The children saw that the ball had struck the man in the boat. They all ran away.
10. The man laughed. He realized what had happened.
11. He called out to the children. He threw the ball back to the bank.
答案：
1. The Wayle is a small river by which I like sitting on fine afternoons.
2. I like sitting by a small river which cuts across the park near my home.
3. It was warm last Sunday, so I went and sat on the river bank as usual.
4. Some children were playing games on the bank and there were some people who were rowing on the river.
5. Suddenly, one of the children kicked a ball so hard that it went towards a passing boat.
6. Some people on the bank called out to the man in the boat, but he did not hear them.
7. The ball struck the man so hard that he nearly fell into the water.
8. The man turned to look at the children, but there weren’t any in sight.
9. Seeing that the ball had struck the man in the boat, they all ran away.
10. The man laughed when he realized what had happened.
11. He called out to the children and threw the ball back to the bank.
不定式、动名词、过去分词 作定语的用法
不定式作定语的用法 不定式及其短语作定语，与其他短语作定语一样，一般都放在被修饰的词之后，通常表示一个将来的动作，有时也可以表示某一过去的特定动作。 一些名词后常用不定式作定语，如：chance(机会），way(方法），time(时间）等；另外，the first,the second,the last,the only等作名词或者它们作形容词用来修饰代词，它们或它们所修饰的代词后，也常用不定式作定语。 不定式作定语时，不定式与被修饰词之间存在的关系复杂，有的是主谓关系；有的是动宾关系；有的是动状关系，还有的不存在主谓、动宾、动状关系。 1、主谓关系的 （1）We must find a person to do the work. (2) There is no one to take care of her. (3) In my family, my mother is always the first one to get up. (4) He is always the first to come and the last to leave. (5) We need someone to go and get a doctor. 2、动宾关系的 如果不定式与被修饰的词在逻辑上存在动宾关系，不定式里的动词必须是及物动词。注意：是及物动词的，后面不要再加宾语，因为前面的被修饰词是它的宾语；是不及物动词的，要加上适当的介词或副词让它变成及物动词，只有这样，它才能带上前面的宾语。 （1） He has a lot of books to read. (2) I would like a magazine to look at. (3) Here is some advice for you to follow. (4) Do you have anything else to say? (5) There is no one to take care of. (6) She has nothing to worry about.
过去分词作定语用法.
过去分词作定语用法 （Past Participles Used as Attributes） 过去分词作定语，在语态上，表被动；在时间上，表示动作已经发生或完成，与它所修饰的名词有逻辑（意义）上的动宾关系。过去分词作定语时，所修饰的名词在逻辑上相当于被动句中的主语，过去分词相当于谓语。 过去分词作定语表示动作在谓语动作之前发生，已经完成并具有被动意义。有时也不表示时间性。作定语的过去分词一般由及物动词变来，因为只有及物动词才有被动意义。例如：He is a teacher loved by his students. 他是个很受学生爱戴的老师。 也有用不及物动词的过去分词作定语的情况，一般作前置定语，它不表示被动意义，只表示主动意义，强调动作完成。不能像及物动词的过去分词那样放在名词后面作定语。例如：fallen leaves 落叶 retired workers 退休工人 the risen sun 升起的太阳 注意下面过去分词作定语的几种情况： 1. 单个的过去分词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前。例如： We needed much more qualified workers. 我们需要更多的合格的工人。 My friend is a returned student. 我的朋友是个归国的留学生。 单个分词也可以作后置定语，用以强调动作。例如： They decided to change the material used. 他们决定更换使用的材料。 2. 过去分词短语作定语要放在被修饰的名词后面，作后置定语，其作用相当于一个定语从句。例如： The student dressed in white is my daughter. =The student who is dressed in white is my daughter.)穿白色衣服的学生是我的女儿。 3. 如果被修饰的词是由every/some/any/no + thing/body/one所构成的复合代词或指示代词those等时，即使一个单一的分词作形容词用，也要放在被修饰词的后面。例如： Is there anything unsolved? 还有没解决的问题吗？ There is noting changed here since I left this town.自从我离开这个城镇以来，几乎没有什么变化。 4. 单个过去分词前加一名词或副词，常用连字符将它们连接起来构成一个复合形容词，放在其修饰的名词前，作前置定语。分词前加的名词表示分词的动作或行为主体，所加的副词表示方式、时间、程度、性质等意义。例如： This is a state-owned factory. 这是一家国营工厂。 This is our school-run factory. 这是我们的校办工厂。 5. 作前置定语的某些动词的过去分词的形式与作谓语或表语的过去分词的形式往往不一样。例如： 原形用作定语的过去分词用作表语或谓语的过去分词 drink drunken drunk
分词作定语讲解
分词作定语 分词作定语时有下面几个特点： 1) 现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词一般表示被动含意。 2) 现在分词表示正在进行，过去分词表示状态或做完(完成)的事。 He rushed into the burning house ．他冲进了正在燃烧着的房子。 The child standing over there is my brother ．站在那儿的男孩子是我弟弟。 The room facing south is our classroom ．朝南的房间是我们的教室。 Have you got your watch repaired? 你拿到那个修好的表了吗? 分词作定语时的时间关系 一般来说，不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后；现在分词所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作 同时发生；过去分词表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。例如： Do you want to see the doctor to be sent for from Beijing? 你要见那位将从北京请来的医生吗？ Do you want to see the doctor working on the case report in the office? 你要见那位正在办公室里写病历的医生吗？ 共同点：单个分词做定语放在所修饰名词前(a swimming pool) ；分词短语（就是不仅仅由一个分词构成的用来修饰名词的短语the book written by Luxun ）做后置定语，即放名词后。 用过去分词还是现在分词做定语的判断关键：名词与该动作的关系 1.现在分词(Ving) 做定语： 从功能上看，现在分词做定语表示1）主动（及物）；2）进行（不及物）。 做定语：相当于一个定语从句(主动) Do you know the boy standing at the door? Do you know the boy who is standing at the door? A developing country needs aids. A country that/which is developing needs aids.
过去分词作定语
过去分词作定语，状语以及表语用法 过去分词是非谓语动词的一种形式,表示完成和被动的动作。它在句子中可以充当状语、定语等成分。过去分词与现在分词作状语 过去分词表完成、被动, 与主句主语之间是被动关系; 现在分词表进行, 主动, 与主句主语之间是主动关系。 如果一个被动的动作发生在谓语动词之前, 则可使用现在分词的完成被动式或过去分词。 过去分词表完成、被动, 作状语时, 其逻辑主语是主句的主语, 且与主语之间存在着被动关系。过去分词作状语可表时间, 原因, 让步, 结果, 方式, 条件等。 观察下列的句子: Once published, his works (=Once his works was published, ) became famous for the absence of rhyme at the end of each line. PP作时间状语, 相当于一个时间状语从句有时过去分词前可加连词when或while来强调时间概念。过去分词作时间状语 相当于时间状语从句，有时为了突出时间，可在分词前加when或while。 1. When it is heated, ice will be changed into water. When heated, ice will be changed into water. 2. When it is seen under a microscope, a fresh snowflake has a delicate six-pointed. Seen under a microscope, a fresh snowflake has a delicate six-pointed shape. 过去分词作原因状语 相当于表示原因的状语从句。 1. Since/ As she was given advice by the famous detective, the young lady was no longer afraid. Given advice by the famous detective, the young lady was no longer afraid. 2. Because it was done in a hurry, his homework was full of mistakes. Done in a hurry, his homework was full of mistakes. 过去分词作条件或者假设状语 前面可带if，unless等从属连词，相当于条件状语从句。 1.If they had been given more attention, the cabbages could have grown better. Given more attention, the cabbages could have grown better. 2. If I am compared with you, we still have a long way to go. Compared with you, we still have a long way to go. 作方式或伴随情况状语 没有相当的状语从句可以代替。 1.The hunter left his house, followed by his dog. The hunter left his house, and he was followed by his dog. 2. She sat by the window, lost in thought. She sat by the window, and she was lost in thought. lost 表示一种迷失心理状态 Summary 1) 过去分词在句子中可以作时间状语、原因状语、伴随状语、条件状语和让步状语等。 2) 过去分词作状语时,过去分词的逻辑主语与句子主语一致。 过去分词作状语:过去分词有两大特点： 1. 表示被动的动作； 2. 表示已经完成的动作, 因此, 当过去分词作状语的时候一定要搞清楚分词与主语的逻辑关系－－
分词作定语练习题
分词作定语练习题 一Fill the form with V-ed 1. The ___________(steal) car was found by the police last week. 1. The book ___________________ (一本农民写的书) is very popular. 2. The ceremony(典礼)____________________（正在大厅举行的）is in memory of the hero. 3.The problem _________________________(在昨天会议上提出的) was very difficult to solve. 4. The window _________________________(被那个男孩打破的) is being repaired 5. The people _________________(暴露在阳光下的) got sunburnt. 6. The students _______________________(受到老师鼓舞的)worked harder than ever before. 7. The scientists _______________(在这儿工作的) are well paid. 二单项选择 1. Mary is a new nurse and her job is to take care of the soldiers. A. wound B. wounded C. wounding D. being
wounded 2. The meeting next Thursday mainly aims to deal with the problems linked to teenagers’mental health. A. to be held B. held C. being held D. having been held 3. Don’t use words, expressions, or phrases _____ only to people with specific knowledge. A. being known B. having been known C. to be known D. known 4 Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing Mining Company_____ as 3M. A. knowing. B. known. C. being known. D. to be known 5 The _____ dishes lay on the floor. A breaking. B. broken. C. broke. D. break 6 the ship______ by a huge piece of iceberg sank 沉没with its passengers. A. hitting. B. hit. C. hitted. D. to hit. 7 Tell Mary that there’s someone ____ for her at the door. A. waiting. B. waits. C. waited. D. to wait.
过去分词作定语
过去分词作定语 [例句展示] 仔细观察下列句子中的过去分词的用法。 1. The recovered animals will be released soon. 2. We needed much more qualified workers. 3. This is one of the houses built last year. 4. He is a teacher loved by his students. 5. The student dressed in white is my daughter. [自我归纳] 1. 过去分词作定语时，表示的动作在______之前发生，已经完成并具有_____意义。此时，作定语的过去分词一般是由_____动词变来的，因为只有此类动词才有被动意义。 2. 单个的过去分词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词_____（见句1、句2）。_____作定语要放在被修饰的名词后面，作后置定语，表示被动或完成，其作用相当于一个______（见句3、句4、句5）。 Have a try: Tom is a boy______(love) by his parents. He is clever and handsome. He likes book s ______(write) by L. K. Rowling. He also likes singing, especially the songs______ (sing) by Michael Jackson. He studies in a famous middle school, which is______(kn ow) all the Great Britain. The school is particularly beautiful in September, when it i s covered with______(fall) leaves. [拓展] 1. 不及物动词的过去分词也可作定语，一般作前置定语，不表示被动意义，只强调动作完成。如：fallen leaves落叶；retired workers退休工人；the risen sun升起的太阳。 2. 如果被修饰的词是由every / some / any / no + thing / body / one所构成的复合代词或指示代词those或these等时，即使是单一的过去分词作定语，也要放在被修饰词的后面。如： There is nothing changed here since I left this town. 3. 过去分词短语有时还可用作非限制性定语，相当于一个非限制性定语从句，前后用逗号分开。如： Some of them, born and brought up in rural villages, had never seen a train. [辨析] 过去分词与动词-ing形式作定语时的区别： 动词-ing形式作定语时与所修饰的名词之间是主动关系，表示动作正在进行；而过去分词作定语时，则表示被动或完成意义。如： Mr Smith, tired of the boring speech, started to read a novel. The prize of the game show is $30,000 and an all expenses paid vacation to China.
动词的或形式做定语讲解与练习总结
用作定语时，动词的-ing形式既包括动名词又包括现在分词, 动词的-ed形式仅是动词过去分词。 动词的-ing形式做定语在句中通常有两个位置,如果是单个的动词的-ing形式做定语,常放在被修饰词前做前置定语;如果是动词的-ing形式的短语做定语,常放在被修饰词后做后置定语。如: is an attacking player.他是一个攻击型的运动员。(表示运动员的特征) asked an embarrassing question.他提了一个令人难堪的问题。(表示“令人….”) little child learning to walk often falls.学走路的小孩常常跌跤。(表示被修饰词的动作或状态，动词短语后置) you know the number of people coming to the party你知道来参加晚会的人数吗(表示被修饰词的动作或状态，动词短语后置) 注意:当-ing形式做后置定语时,可以相当于相应的定语从句。如: young man writing novels came to speak to us yesterday. →A young man who writes novels came to speak to us yesterday. 一位写小说的青年昨天来向我们作报告。 girl sitting next to me was my cousin. →The girl who was sitting next to me was my cousin.坐在我旁边的姑娘是我表妹。 另外需要注意的是上面做定语的动词-ing形式表示的动作是正在进行的工作或习惯性的动作，如果和主句谓语的动作不能同时发生时，则不能用-ing形式做定语而必须用定语从句形式。如： 昨天来我们学校的那位教授在明天给我们做报告。 professor who came to our school yesterday will give us a lecture tomorrow. 不正确的表述：The professor coming to our school yesterday will give us a lecture tomorrow. 总结：-ing形式做定语通常从以下三方面考查,即: 1)说明被修饰词的性质,特征或用途。如: set up an operating table in a small temple.他们将手术台架设在一座小庙里。 may be in the reading room, for all I know.他说不定在阅览室里。 and gentlemen, please go and wait in the meeting room. 女士们先生们,请去会议室等待。 2)与被修饰词为主动关系且表示正在进行的动作或习惯性的动作。如: were about 200 children studying in the art school.
过去分词作定语表语练习题(含答案)
过去分词专题练习 Ⅰ.分析下列划线部分的用法（过去分词做定语，表语以及被动） 1. The excited children are opening their Christmas presents. 2. This supermarket is now closed. 3. The blackboard was broken by Tom. 4. She had a worried look on her face because she failed the exam. 5. He looked interested in the idea I put forward. 6. The machine produced last year(= which were produced last year) are very expensive. Ⅱ. Fill the form with proper form.适当形式填空 1. The animal and plants that they found there were ___________ (astonish) 2. I was___________(astonish) to learn that his long lost child had been found. 3. The ___________ news made us ___________.(disappoint) 4. The ___________ mother went to visit Einstein. (puzzle) 5. Madame Curie found husband’s death ___________ .(shock) 6. I saw the boy very ___________ (excite) 7. _________(encourage), the girl was determined to study harder and make greater progress. 8. Be brave. You look like a___________ bird (frighten)（惊弓之鸟） 9. The fierce lion looks __________(frighten). Keep away from its cage or it will attack you. 10. The look on her face was very ___________ (confuse) . Ⅲ. Fill the form with V-ed 1. The book ___________________ (一本农民写的书) is very popular. 2. The building _____________(去年建的楼房) now collapsed in the Wenchuan earthquake. 3. The problem ____________________(在昨天会议上讨论的) was very difficult to solve. 4. The window _________________________(被那个顽皮男孩打破的) is being repaired 5. The children ________________________(昨天在医院检查的) were seriously ill. 6. The people _________________(暴露在阳光下的) got sunburnt. 7. The boy __________________________(受到老师严厉惩罚的) is now a college student. 8. The water ___________________________(送到他家的水) carried disease. 9. The English today is quite different from the English ______________(300年前所说的). 10. Most of the artists_________________ (被邀请去参加聚会的) were from South Africa. 11. The students ___________________(受到老师鼓舞的)worked harder than ever before. Ⅳ. 基础单选题 1. Mary is a new nurse and her job is to take care of the _______soldiers. A. wound B. wounded C. wounding D. being wounded 2. Lily seems very much___________ in the magazine, but I think it’s too expensive. A. interested B. interesting C. to interest D. to be interesting 3. All the passengers should remain___________ when the plane is making a landing. A. seat B. seating C. to be seating D. seated 4. After her journey from Australia, Sophie Armstrong returned home, ___________ A. being exhausted B. exhausting C. exhausted D. having exhausted
过去分词作定语练习
过去分词做定语专项练习 1、The first textbook ___ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A. have written B. to be written C. being written D. written 2、What's the language ____ in Germany? A.speaking B. spoken C. be spoken D. to speak 3、Thousands of products ____ from coal are now in daily use. A. made B. make C. making D. to make 4、They had beef and ______ for supper. A. smoking fish B. fish smoking C. fish to smoke D. smoked fish 5、With ______ leaves ______ in the earth every year, the soil becomes richer and richer. A. falling; burying B. fallen; buried C. fallen; burying D. falling; buried 6. The trees _____ in the storm have been moved off the road. A. being blown down B. blown down C. blowing down D. to blow down 7. The Emperor’s New Clothes is an ______ text. All of us are ______ about it. A. exciting; exciting B. excited; excited C. excited; exciting D. exciting; excited 8. His nephew, ______ at sea when he was fifteen, had been his only relative. A. losing B. loses C. lost D. being lost
英语计划总结之现在分词和过去分词作定语的意义和用法
英语计划总结之现在分词和过去分词作定语的意义和 用法 英语中的现在分词即动词？鄄ing形式和过去分词都可以作定语用,但它们作定语时的含义和用法各有不同.总的说来,现在分词和过去分词作定语时的特点是： 1）现在分词表示主动意义,过去分词表示被动意义. 2）现在分词表示动作正在进行,过去分词表示状态或动作已经完成,或表示被动的动作. 下面就对它们的用法和含义作一具体说明. 一、单个分词作定语修饰名词时,通常常放在被修饰的名词前面,说明被修饰名词的性质或特征.表示“……的”或“用作……的”. 1. 现在分词作定语 A. 现在分词表示主动意义.如： a moving film 一场感人的电影； the surprising news 令人惊讶的消息 B. 现在分词表示动作正在进行.如： a developing country 一个发展中国家； a sleeping boy 一个正在睡觉的男孩； boiling water 沸水 2. 过去分词作定语 A. 过去分词表示被动意义.如： boiled water 开水（烧开过
的水）； a broken cup 一个破杯子（被打破的杯子）； an honored teacher 一个被人尊敬的老师 B. 表示动作已经发生或者完成.如： an injured boy一个受伤的男孩（已经受伤）； a retired worker 一个退休工人（已经退休）； a developed country一个发达国家（已经完成发展的过程）； some fallen leaves 一些落叶（已经落下的叶子） 二、分词短语常作后置定语,放在被修饰的名词后面,相当于一个定语从句. 1. 现在分词常带有“正在……”的含义.例如： The boy standing near the window is my brother. （相当于The boy who is standing near the window is my brother.）正站在窗户旁边的那个男孩是我的兄弟. 2. 过去分词表常表示被动含义.例如： The novel written by Lu Xun is my favourite. （相当于The novel which was written by Lu Xun is my favourite.）这本鲁迅写的小说是我最喜欢的.
过去分词作定语
过去分词作定语 1. 单个过去分词作定语, 通常前置 a. 及物动词的过去分词，具有被动和完成的意义。 a broken cup a wounded soldier an unexpected guest the excited crowd b. 不及物动词的过去分词，具有主动和完成意义。 a retired officer C. 合成的过去分词 a much-needed reform state-owned enterprises 2. 过去分词短语作定语：通常后置，其作用相当于定语从句。 a letter written in pencil = a letter which was written in pencil the machines produced last year 过去分词与现在分词的区别： 1 语态不同：现在分词表示主动，及物动词的过去分词表示被动注：不及物动词的过去分词只有“完成”含义，而不表示被动The falling leaves the fallen leaves 2 时间关系不同：现在分词作定语，多表示“动作正在 进行”或“与谓语同时进行”或“经常性”。 过去分词作定语，则多表示分词动作“先于位于动词表 示的动作” 或“ 没有一定的时间性” 1.Do you know the boy ____(lie) under the big tree? 2. “Can’t you read?” Mary said angrily ____(point) to the notice. 3 The woman _____(sell) vegetables has gone. 4.The wheat is watered by water _____(bring) from a pond. 5. He is a leader________ (respect) by the people. 3 及物动词的过去分词(done)与现在分词的被动式 (being done)都可以表示“被动”，但前者多表示一个 完成了的动作，而后者则表示一个正在进行的动作. the problem discussed yesterday The problem being discussed 1. We lived in the house __built by my uncles ________________ (我舅舅们修建的). 2. Any medicine ___taken_____(服用) without the advice of a doctor can cause trouble. 3. We spent two hours discussing the plan __made by her __ ______________ (她制定的).
定语从句和分词短语做定语的区别
定语从句和分词短语做定语的区别 解答时间：2009-12-07 20:58:00 既然分词短语做定语的时候往往都可以和定语从句互换,那我想知道什么时候可以用分词短语做定语,什么时候可以用定语从句例如:The boy who is playing football is my brother.为什么也可以用The boy playing football is my brother. 分词短语做定语在大多数情况下都可与定语从句相转换。这是非谓语动词的语法特点。The school which was built twenty years ago is our school=The school built twenty years ago is our school但完成式的现在分词短语不能用作定语。如果两个动作有先后，要用定语从句。误：This is one of the factories having been built in 1980.正：This is one of the factories that were built in 1980.正：This is one of the factories built in 1980 去分词是非谓语动词的一种形式,表示完成和被动的动作。它在句子中可以充当表语、定语等成份。下面仅谈其作定语和表语的用法。 一、过去分词作定语 过去分词作定语有前置和后置两种情况。 1、前置定语 单个的过去分词作定语,通常放在被修饰的名词之前,表示被动和完成意义。 A类:被动意义: an honored guest 一位受尊敬的客人 The injured workers are now being taken good care of in the hospital.
过去分词作定语
过去分词作定语 集团文件版本号：（M928-T898-M248-WU2669-I2896-DQ586-M1988）
过去分词作定语 1. 单个过去分词作定语, 通常前置 a. 及物动词的过去分词，具有被动和完成的意义。 a broken cup a wounded soldier an unexpected guest the excited crowd b. 不及物动词的过去分词，具有主动和完成意义。 a retired officer C. 合成的过去分词 a much-needed reform state-owned enterprises 2. 过去分词短语作定语：通常后置，其作用相当于定语从句。 a letter written in pencil = a letter which was written in pencil the machines produced last year 过去分词与现在分词的区别： 1 语态不同：现在分词表示主动，及物动词的过去分词表示被动注：不及物动词的过去分词只有“完成”含义，而不表示被动The falling leaves the fallen leaves 2 时间关系不同：现在分词作定语，多表示“动作正在 进行”或“与谓语同时进行”或“经常性”。
过去分词作定语，则多表示分词动作“先于位于动词表 示的动作” 或“ 没有一定的时间性” 1.Do you know the boy ____(lie) under the big tree 2. “Can’t you read” Mary said angrily ____(point) to the notice. 3 The woman _____(sell) vegetables has gone. 4.The wheat is watered by water _____(bring) from a pond. 5. He is a leader________ (respect) by the people. 3 及物动词的过去分词(done)与现在分词的被动式 (being done)都可以表示“被动”，但前者多表示一个 完成了的动作，而后者则表示一个正在进行的动作. the problem discussed yesterday The problem being discussed 1. We lived in the house __ built by my uncles ________________ (我舅舅们修建的). 2. Any medicine ___ taken_____(服用) without the advice of a doctor can cause trouble. 3. We spent two hours discussing the plan __ made by her __ ______________ (她制定的).
(完整版)动名词、动词不定式、分词作定语区别
动词的不定式,\分词\.动名词的区别及其用法、搭配。 答：非谓语动词包括动词不定式。动名词和分词三种形式,分词又包括现在分词和过去分词。这三种形式都是由动词变来的,但在句子中都不能作谓语,故这三种形式被称为非谓语动词。下面就这三种形式在用法上的区别浅析如下: 一、动词不定式和动名词在句子中均可作主语和表语 在表示一个具体的。个别的或将来的动作时,要用动词不定式。如: My job is to teach the first-year students grammar. To study English well is very important. 在表示比较抽象的一般的行为和动作时,二者可以互换。如: To climb mountains is a good form of exercise. Climbing mountains is a good form of exercise. 二、动名词、现在分词和动词不定式都可以作定语 1.动名词作定语时,和它所修饰的名词之间没有逻辑上的主谓关系,只表示被修饰名词的一般用途,必须位于名词之前。如: There is a swimming pool in our school. 2.现在分词作定语时,和它所修饰的名词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系,表示所修饰名词的特征。如: Listen to the singing bird. Who is the boy running towards us。 3.动词不定式作定语时,当所修饰的名词指人时,和它所修饰的名词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系。如: He is always the first to come to school. 当所修饰的名词指物时,和它所修饰的名词之间有逻辑上的动宾关系。如: I have a meeting to attend. 如果作定语的动词不定式中的动词是不及物动词,需加上相应的介词。如:
现在分词、过去分词作定语、状语、宾补的区别
现在分词、过去分词作定语、宾语补足语、状语时的区别 （一）现在分词\过去分词作定语的区别. The mobile phone lying on the desk belongs to me. =The mobile phone which is lying on the desk belongs to me. （the mobile phone 和lie为主谓关系，即主动关系，故用现在分词） The injured suffering from the shock in the traffic accident were lying in the hospital. =The injured who suffered from the shock in the traffic accident were lying the hospital。 （the injured 和suffer 为主谓关系，即主动关系，故用现在分词） The house built 50 years ago will be pulled soon. =The house which was built 50 years ago will be pulled soon. （the house 和build为动宾关系，即被动关系，故用过去分词） The mobile phone laid on the desk belongs to me. =The mobile phone which is laid on the desk belongs to me. （the mobile phone 和lay 为动宾关系，即被动关系，故用过去分词） 小试牛刀: 1.The student ________________( speak) to the teacher now is our moniter. 2.The problem _______________( discuss) yesterday is of great importance. 3.The machine ________________( repair ) yesterday is broken again. 4..The guests ________________(invite) to the meeting were all specialists. 5.China is a country _______________(belong )to the 3rd world. 6 .He lives in the house _______________( face ) the north. 7.The temple ________________( stand ) on the top of the hill was built 500 years ago. 8.The students ________________( want ) to join the club will gather at the gate. 9.The car ____________________(make ) in Japan is of high quality. 10.A checking delegation ( 代表团)______________( consist ) of 5 people are visiting our school. A checking delegation ( 代表团)_____________( make) up of 5 people are visiting our school. 11. The student________________( focus )on his lesson is best in our class. The student _______________ ( lose )in his lesson is best in our class. 12.Can you see the boy _________________ ( dress )in a red shirt? Can you see the boy __________________( wear ) a red shirt? 13.The students ____________________( sit ) in Row I see the blackboard clearly The students __________________( seat ) in Row I see the blackboard clearly. 14. The country _____________ ( lie ) to the east of Shandong Peninsula (半岛) is South Korea. The country _____________(locate ) to the east of Shandong Peninsula (半岛) is South Korea. ( 辅助信息:Our school is located in the centre of the town) （二）现在分词、过去分词作宾语补足语的区别 find ，make，feel，keep，leave，have ，see，observe，notice，watch，hear 。。。但其中make，have ，see ，observe，notice，watch，hear后也可：V +O+do sth。 Can you hear somebody singing in the next room? （宾语somebody 和sing 为主谓关系，故用现在分词） I often hear this song sung in English. （宾语this song 和sing 为动宾关系，故用过去分词） He let out my secret. He made it known to all.（宾语it和know为动宾关系，故用过去分词） I have had my heart examined.（宾语my heart和examine为动宾关系，故用过去分词） When she saw his son sitting in the last row, she felt very disappointed. ( 宾语his son 和sit 为主谓关系，故用现在分词）When she saw her son seated in the last row, she felt very disappointed. （seat vt.使sb 坐下，her son 是seat逻辑宾语，即为动宾关系，故用过去分词。辅助信息：Her son was seated in the row ）I found him focusing on his book, so I didn’t disturb him.