句子成分及结构

句子成分及结构

你知道吗？

英语的句子结构组成是与汉语有着很大区别的。我们在学习的时候，很多同学受母语的影响太大，在英文写作时完全按照汉语的顺序将英文进行堆砌，这是因为我们对于英文句子的构成尚未掌握或掌握得不熟练，没有形成英语语言习惯。

一．学了这么久的英语了，你对英语的句子成分真的清楚，理解吗？

1．主语：________________________________________

1)Mr. Chen is a great scientist. ( 作主语)

2)Smoking is harmful to the health. ( 作主语)

2．谓语：__________________________________________

1)The new term begins on September 1st .

2)She seems tired.

3．宾语：__________________________________________

Wang Ling lent me a novel. (代词me作________；名词a novel作___________)

4．宾语补足语：____________________________________

1）They call me Lily sometimes. ( 作宾补)

2）He asked her to take the boy out of school. （作宾补）

5．表语：_____________________________________

The baby is asleep. ( 作表语，说明主语的状态是“睡着的”)

6．定语：_____________________________________

注意：

1)He is reading an interesting book.

2)I have something important to tell you.

7．状语：_____________________________________

He came here to see you.

课堂习题（你知道下列句子划线部分在句子当中是充当什么成分吗？）

1. The students got on the school bus.

2. They went hunting together early in the morning.

3. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.

4. They are working on the farm now.

5. Seeing is believing.

6. His wish is to become a scientist.

7. To catch the train, I got up early yesterday.

8. Would you please tell me your address?

9. He sat there, reading a newspaper.

10. He noticed a man enter the room.

二．了解了句子成分了之后，我们再来学习一下句子类型：

根据语法形式，即句子的结构，英语的句子可分为___________、_________ 和__________。1简单句____________________________________________

你能举例子吗？

简单句的基本句型：简单句有以下5种基本句型。-----（复杂一些的句子无不是由这些简单句演变而来的。）

1）例句：

1. The sun was shining.

2. The moon rose.

3 We all breathe, eat, and drink.

4. They talked for half an hour.

总结：__________________________

2）例句：

1. She smiled her thanks.

2. He enjoys reading.

3. I met John in the street yesterday.

4. They enjoy the play.

总结：_______________________________

3）例句：

1. This is an English-Chinese dictionary.

2. The dinner smells good.

3. Everything looks different.

4. His face turned red.

总结：_________________________________

补充：常见的系动词有：__________________________________________

注：这类型的句子没有___________语态

①Because the fruit ________ very delicious, it ________ very well.

A. is tasted; sells

B. tastes; is sold

C. tastes; sells

D. is tasted; is sold

②________ very reasonable, the idea was widely accepted by us.

A.Sounded

B. To sound

C. Sounding

D. Sound

4）例句：

1. She ordered herself a new dress.

2. He brought you a dictionary.

3. I showed him my pictures.

4. I gave my car a wash.

总结：____________________________

常见的双宾语结构：

bring sb. sth (bring sth to sb). give sb. sth (give sth to sb.)

leave sb. sth (leave sth.to sb) pass sb sth (pass sth to sb)

return sb. sth (return sth to sb) show sb sth (show sth. to sb.)

tell sb sth (tell sth to sb )

5）例句：

1. The war made him a soldier.

2. New methods make the job easy.

3. The teacher asks the students to close the windows.

4. I saw a cat running across the road.

总结：____________________________

注意：当宾语意思表达不完整时，需要补充说明宾语的状态、性质等。用作宾语补足语的通

常有名词、形容词、动词不定式等。当谓语动词为see, hear , watch, feel 等感官动词或者let, have , make 等使役动词时，如果不定式作宾语补足语，必须省略to。

2．并列句_______________________________________________

其基本结构是：简单句+并列连词+简单句。

注意：并列句中的各简单句意义同等重要，相互之间没有从属关系，是平行并列的关系。它们之间用连词连结。

举举例子呢：

3. 复合句________________________________________

注意：1. 并列句和复合句都是以简单句为基本单位的，但并列句中的各个简单句都是同等重要的，没有主次之分。而复合句中的各个组成部分并非同等重要，其中总有一个独立小句（或称“主句”），和一个或一个以上的从属小句（或称“从句”），主句往往可以独立存在。复合句可分为：

1).____________________________

2).____________________________

1 ________________

2 ________________

3 ________________

4 _________________

5 __________________

6 __________________

7 _____________________

8. ___________________

3)._____________________________

1. ________________

2. .________________

3. ___________________

4. ____________________

判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句

1. We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.

2. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.

3. There is a chair in this room, isn’t there?

4. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening.

5. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.

6. He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.

7. What he said at the meeting is very impor tant, isn’t it?

8. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.

单项选择

1. I'm sorry, _______ can you tell me how to get to the school?

A. for

B. and

C. but

D. then

2. Just because they make more money than I do, _______ they seem to look down on me.

A. so

B. and

C. but

D. 不填

3. Although he had only entered the contest for fun, ______ he won first prize.

A. but

B. and

C. even

D. 不填

4. If wishes were horses, ______ beggars would ride.

A. and

B. so

C. or

D. 不填

5. Work harder, _____ you will lose your job in this company.

A. so

B. then

C. and

D. or

6. He has been working hard recently, and ______ I don’t think he can make it.

A. /

B. but

C. still

D. yet

※7. The point is not who said the words, ________ they are true or not.

A. but whether

B. and whether

C. but how

D. and how

8. She thought I was talking about her daughter, ____, in fact, I was talking about my daughter.

A. whom

B. where

C. which

D. while

9. ___________, so he didn't come to school last night.

A. Although he was ill

B. Being ill

C. Having been ill

D. He was ill

10. He bought a lot of books; most of ______ are about agriculture.

A. them

B. books

C. his

D. which

11. He wrote a lot of books, but none of _______ were popular.

A. them

B. books

C. his

D. which