情态动词重难点

情态动词重难点
情态动词重难点

情态动词重难点

情态动词有具体的词义,但也同助动词一样,需要与动词原形一起构成句子的谓语,另外情态动词没有人称和数的变化,情态动词后必须跟动词原形。

一. 10个最重要情态动词的用法

1. can

⑴表示能力,一般译为“能、会”,尤其指生来具备的能力。

She can swim fast, but I can’t .

她会游泳,但我不会。

⑵表示许可,常在口语中。

You can use my dictionary.

你可以使用我的词典。

⑶表示推测,意为“可能”,常用于否定句和疑问句中,此时can’t译为“不可能”。

Can the news be true?

这个消息可能是真的吗?

It can’t be our teacher. He is on a visit to the Great Wall.

不可能是我们老师。他正在参观长城呢。

2. could

⑴ can的过去式,意为“能、会”,表示过去的能力。

He could write poems when he was 10.

他十岁的时候就会写诗。

⑵ could在疑问句中,表示委婉请求的语气,此时could没有过去式的意思。

Could you do me a favour?

你可以帮我一个忙吗?

—Could I use your pen? 我可以使用你的钢笔吗?

—Yes, you can.(注意回答)可以。

3. may

⑴表示请求、许可,比can正式,

May I borrow your bike?

我可以借用你的自行车吗?

You may go home now.

你现在可以回家了。

⑵表示推测,谈论可能性,意为“可能,或许”,一般用于肯定句中。

It may rain tomorrow .

明天可能会下雨。

⑶ may的过去式为might。might 也可以表示可能性低于may(此时might没有过去式的意思)。

He is away from school. He might be sick.

他离开学校了。也许是病了。

⑷表示希望、祈求、祝愿,常可译为“祝愿”。通常是用may +主+V

May you have a good time!

祝你玩的愉快!

May you be happy!

祝你快乐!

May you succeed!

祝你成功!

4. must

⑴ must 表示主观看法,意为“必须”。

You must stay here until I come back.

你必须待在这里,直到我回来。

Must I hand in my homework right now?

我现在必须要交作业吗?

⑵对must引导的疑问句,肯定回答为must,否定回答为needn’t 或don’t have to .—Must I finish my homework? 我必须完成作业吗?

—No, you needn’t. 不,你不必。

⑶ must也可以表示有把握的推测,意为“ 一定,肯定”,用于肯定句。

The light is on, so he must be at home now.

灯开着,所以他现在一定在家。

⑷其否定形式mustn’t表示“禁止,不许”。

You mustn’t play with fire.

你不许玩火。

You mustn’t be late.

你不许迟到。

注意:其反意问句的构成形式:

当must表示肯定的判断、推测时,其反意疑问句要用实际问句的助动词来构成。

She must have seen the film before,hasn’t she?(注意反意疑问句的后半部分)

她之前一定看过这部电影,难道没有吗?

You must have met uncle Wang in the shop yesterday,didn’t you? (注意反意疑问句的后半部分) 你昨天一定在商店见到王叔叔了,难道没有吗?

5. need

⑴ need表示需要,主要用于否定句和疑问句中,其否定形式为needn’t,意为“不必”。

用need提问时,肯定回答为must,否定回答为needn’t或don’t have to。

—Need I stay here any longer? 我需要待在这里吗?

—Yes, you must . 是的,你必须。

—No. you needn’t /don’t have to. 不,你不必。

(2) need还可以作实义动词,此时有人称、数和时态的变化,如果是人作主语后边多接动词不定式。

I need to do it right now.

我需要现在做这件事。

注意:如果是物作主语,一般用need doing与need to be done,这种情况下应注意两点:

① 主动形式的动名词doing具有被动的含义;

② 该动名词可以改为其动词不定式的被动形式而句子的意义不变。

The door needs painting. = The door needs to be painted.

门需要被油漆。

6. dare

dare意为“敢、敢于”,用法近似于need,有两种词性:

⑴dare作为情态动词,多用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中,无第三人称单数形式,只有一般现在时和一般过去时。

Dare he tell them what he knows?

他敢告诉他们他知道的事情吗?

I daren’t ask her. Will you do i t for me?

我不敢问她。你可以为我问吗?

⑵ dare作为实义动词,此时有人称、数及时态的变化。

He doesn’t dare to break his promise.

他不敢违背承诺。

注意:口语中,dare的各种形式常与不带to的不定式连用。

Do you dare tell her what I said?

你敢告诉她我说的话吗?

7. shall

shall表示征求对方意见(多用于第一、三人称)

Shall we go out for a walk?

我们出去散步好吗?

Shall the driver wait outside?

司机在外面等好吗?

8. should

⑴ should 意为“应该”,可表示劝告、建议、义务、责任等。

We should protect the environment.

我们应该保护环境。

⑵ Should have done 意为”本应该做某事而没做“,表示对过去动作的责备、批评。

You should have finished your homework.

你本应该完成作业的。(实际上没有)

9. will

will 表示意愿、意志、打算,可用于多种人称。

I will help you if I’m free this afternoon.

如果下午有空,我会帮你的。

10. had better

had better 意为“最好”,没有人称的变化,后面接不带to的不定式,其否定形式为:had better not。

We had better go now.

你最好现在去。

二. 情态动词的被动语态

含有情态动词的被动语态的结构为:情态动词+ be + done (动词的过去分词)。做题时要兼顾情态动词和被动语态这两个方面。

三. 情态动词表示推测的用法

1. can表示对具体事物的推测时一般用于否定句或疑问句。

That man can't be her husband. She is still single.

那个人一定不是她丈夫。她还是单身。

注意:can 表推测用于肯定句时,不能指对具体事物的推测,而是表示事物的属性特征。The British people can talk about weather when they meet.

英国人见面的时候可能会谈论天气。

2. must表示肯定的推测,一般用于肯定句中。

He must be in his office now.

他现在一定在办公室里。

3. might表示推测时不一定是may的过去式,只是表示其可能性较小。

The man may be the headmaster.

这个人可能是校长。

4. could表示推测时,语气can比较弱。

—Could it be an animal? 它可能是一只动物吗?

—It could not be,because it is not moving. 不可能,因为它没有移动。

5. should表示推测的可能性比较大,表示有依据或有前提的推测,仅比must的可能性小一点。意为“按说应该......“

It is already 10 o’clock now. They should be there.

现在已经十点了。他们按说应该到了。

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