北京中医药大学历年考研真题汇总

北京中医药大学历年考研真题汇总
北京中医药大学历年考研真题汇总

北京中医药大学历年考研真题汇总

601中药综合

2011 601中药综合

中药化学:

一:名解(20')

1硫苷

2环烯醚萜

3蟾毒甾二烯

4flavonoids

5呋喃香豆素

二:结构母核(10')

1穿心莲内酯

2甘草素

3紫草素

4厚朴酚

5吗啡

四:鉴别(16')

1 5,6-二羟基香豆素和5,7-二羟基香豆素(显色反应)

2 樟柳碱和另一碱(显色反应)

3 异黄酮和黄酮(UV鉴别)

4 齐墩果酸,熊果酸(碳谱)

分析化学:

一:填空(30′)

1紫外和红外()的能量高,紫外引起()能级跃迁,红外引起()能级跃迁

2百分吸光系数定义()

3羰基红外吸收范围(),∏-∏共轭使频率()移,酰氯与羧酸比较()的频率高4在()区域可以区别顺反烯烃

5(程序升温)(梯度洗脱)

6 一氯一溴乙烷裂分数目()峰强比()

7 硬电离()及特点();软电离()及特点()

8 丁酮,庚烷,丙苯麦式重排的有(),重排质子数为偶数的是()

9 用()衡量柱效,用()定性

10 常用的载气(),()

11 FID分离()

12 (I≠0)

13 质子所处场强A>B>C,则化学位移顺序()

14 C8H10两积分高度A ,B 分别6.8cm ,10.2cm则质子数目分别()()

15 振动峰强度跟()有关

有机化学

五:(20′)

1 丁稀二酸→己二酸

2 乙二酸二乙酯→4-苯基丁酸

3 苯→4-偶氮苯-1-苯酚

4 环己烯→1-环己基-1-甲基-丙醇

中药学

三:(20′)

单选二十道,很基础,有一道是根据病症选药的

多选十道:第一题是选明代的代表作,有一道选人参的主之功效。

1三黄对比、龙骨牡蛎功效异同

2麻黄和黄芪均治水肿;

黄芩和桑寄生均安胎;

鹿茸和枸杞子均治虚证;

藁本和吴茱萸均治巅顶头痛;

试述其辩证机理的不同

2010 601中药综合

中药学

一.单选(1*20)

各论中的重点药

1.某某药没有的功效

2.某功效是以下何种药

3.善消酒积的药是

4.宜先煎的药是

5.萆薢善治何种淋证

6.某人有某种临床症状,应用以下何种药

二.多选(1*10)

1.明代的代表作有

2.某药和某药共有的功效是

3.善治下肢疼痛的药是

4.能清肝明目的药是

5.某药的功效有

三.问答(2*10)

1.比较葛根,柴胡,升麻三药功能主治的异同;比较天冬和麦冬的功能主治异同

2.黄芩和桑寄生均能安胎;黄芪和甘遂均能治水肿;竹茹和生姜均能止呕;小茴香和益母草均能治疗痛经,作用机理有何不同

【中药考的都是基本的知识,在每章都有知识点,还是在基础】

分析化学

一.填空(2*10)

1.丙酮能引起的电子跃迁类型

2.百分吸光光度的定义

3.羰基化合物的

存在在和区间,峰强/弱 4.-OH的峰强/弱

5.C2H4Br2的风列分数,峰面积比为

6.正相色谱的流动相和固定相极性关系

7.程序升温,PH梯度萃取(填的空)8.关于耦合常数关系的

二.简答(2*10)

1.简述薄层层析色谱的操作步骤

2.紫外分光光度法中空白试剂的制备过程,求波长的方法

三.计算(1*10)

归一化法

四.解谱(1*20)

C10H12O (有苯环,有羰基峰,应该是1,3-取代苯,时间不够了,我没解出来)

【分析的知识点都在书里能够找到,复习时只要把书中的点都掌握了就可以】

有机化学

一.单选(2*10)

1.以下正碳离子最稳定的是

2.以下有机酸酸性最强的是

3.以下取代基能够制活的是

4.以下取代苯亲电加成活性最强的是

5.以下醇和卢卡试剂反应速度最快的是

6.乙酸乙酯有旋光性的原因是

7.以下能发生碘仿反映的是

8.以下能和NaHSO3反应的是

9.能在低温下生成偶氮化合物的是

二.写结构式(2*5)

1.普鲁卡因

2.N-取代乙酰胺取代苯

3.1-羟基异喹啉

4.咪唑并【2,1,b】噻唑

三.命名以下化合物(2*5)有葡萄糖酰胺(剩下的没法说了,总之都是最基本的命名方法)

四.化学方程式(2*10)

1.葡萄糖和苯肼反应

2.羟醛缩合

3.醛与格式试剂反应(2步)

4.内酯的生成(分子内脱水)

5.醇分子键脱水

6.酯交换

7.H2/Ni还原

(都是最简单的,不涉及分子重排)

五.合成(5*4)

1.苯——间溴乙苯

2.丙乙酸二乙酯——4-苯基基丁酸

3.苯+a-萘酚——4-羟基偶氮苯

4.苯——2-环己基-2-羟基偶氮苯

中药化学

一.填空(4*10)

1.L-B反应的试剂是,与甾体皂苷反应最终的颜色,与三铁皂苷最后颜色

2.香豆素的分类

3.写出大黄素,补骨脂素,甘草皂苷,葛根素的基本母核的类型

4.聚酰胺凝胶色谱的分离原理,分为哪两种,其中哪种适用于分离极性物质

5.鞣质是由哪几部分组成的一种植物()

二.简答

1.写出黄酮类化合物的主要颜色反应(10)

2.简述生物碱的溶解性(20)

3.怎样分离皂苷和皂苷元(10)

三.分离(1*20)

用离子交换色谱法分离汤剂中的碱性物质,中性物质,酸性物质

2009 601中药综合

中药:

单选:

宋代的代表作,麻黄,大黄,柴胡,肉桂,附子,甘草,黄芪等各章代表药的功效。当然题很简单,考法很灵活。有正面考,也有反面考的,举例如下:

具有发散风寒、利水消肿功效的药是(),这种题比较多,都是各章重点,一类药。

某病人具有什么什么症状,他应该用()药,当然这种题比较少,一两道。

某药除能****,还能()

好像是20道?10道?忘了……

多选:10个

某药具有什么功效,某药主治什么,能治**的有什么药,基本是这两种题,对了,还有一个:辛味药的作用

多选看似不难,但是如果记不准确,也不好得分……

下来是简答:

1.黄芩、黄连、黄柏的比较

2.南北沙参的比较

问答:麻黄、薄荷均能发散表邪,黄芩和桑寄生均能安胎,二者作用机理有何不同?

貌似还有一道题,不过我速度蜗牛,没有来得及写……以至现在忘了……

中药化学

题型有变!!!

填空:

L-B反应的试剂是--,与甾体皂苷反应,最后的颜色变化是--,与三萜皂苷反应最后颜色变化是--

(我没太明白是然写颜色变化,还是写最后的颜色,但是最后不是都退色了吗?)

葛根的基本母核类型是--,补骨脂素的--,大黄素的

香豆素的结构类型有—,—,—

葡聚糖凝胶色谱法的原理是—,常用的两种葡聚糖凝胶是—,—,分离极性物质用的是哪种(这个题是总论中的,所以我们看书的时候还是不要忽略总论,还有答题的时候要避开自己不会的,我当时就大脑短路了,当时死活不记得那个型号前面的英文怎么拼,其实可以写中文嘛!希望大家不要像我一样……)

还有一个鞣质的概念,当然也是填空题,填的是:葡萄糖,黄烷醇,多元酚。(好像还有一个空,忘了)

简答(?)

生物碱碱性与结构的关系

如何分离苷类和苷元,用流程表示

如何提取麻黄桂枝对药中的挥发油,如何将麻黄中的麻黄碱与伪麻黄碱,桂枝中的桂皮醛和桂皮酸分离?用流程表示。

(这道题好像是三道题,结果我非得用一个流程写,浪费了不少时间……大家一定要审好题,不过这道题原题写的有些问题,我也是考虑了半天,才按一个流程写的。)

论述:

中药复方药效物质基础研究的意义。(这个我完全不会,没有写,其实可以编两句的,当时觉得都没有学,所以等着做完别的题再回来做,不过后来没时间了,就这么放弃了10分)

有机化学:

选择(单选)

下面和卢卡斯试剂反应最快的是:(伯仲叔三种醇,还有一个环己醇)

苯环亲电反应取代定位规则好像有一道题,但完全想不起来了……

下列卤烃和硝酸银反应,哪个快?肯定是选烯丙基的那个啦!(咦?好像是这个题吧!总之是这类题。。。。)

能发生卤仿反应的是哪个?(几个醛和酮)

能和亚硫酸氢钠反应的是:

下列几个哪个酸性强?有对氨基苯甲酸,以及在此基础上加甲基或者硝基之类的

三乙酯能和氯化铁反应,是由于()选项有差相异构,互变异构,光学异构等

其余选择题想不起来了,好象有一个考反应条件的,是十个题。

写结构式(5个)

扑热息痛,N-丙基-N-丁基丙酸异丙酯,还有一个酰胺,还有咪唑【2,1-b】噻唑,那个忘了

写名称(5个)

这个貌似没法说……有个吡嗪,葡萄糖苷,有个二酸(上面有不饱和键)

写反应式(10个)

1.羟醛缩合

2.醇脱水

3.酯交换

4.制备重氮盐的反应

5.醛和格式试剂的反应,再与酸反应,这是两步,要求每一部反应结果都写出来

6.还有写出反应结果,填反应部分的

7.还有一个生成内酯环的

8.还有一个葡萄糖和羟胺的反应

9.苯甲醛和丙醛的反应

10.还有一个忘了

总之反应原理都很简单,但会把貌似简单的反应复杂化,比如加几个取代基,环之类的,让你看得眼花缭乱,大家复习的时候要掌握好原理。

合成:(5个)

1.苯合成对二甲胺基偶氮苯

2.苯合成间溴丙苯

3环己烯合成3-环己基-3-(?)醇(忘了是几个碳的醇了。没时间写了,所以没记住题)4.乙酰乙酸乙酯合成(这个是三乙合成最基本的那种)

5.还有一个苯合成取代苯的

仪器分析

选择(没说单选还是多选,但是我可能知识掌握有漏洞,貌似见了一个多选的,)

紫外红外核磁质谱,色谱各章的重点内容

很多问下列哪项是正确的,哪项是错误的,四个选项各涉及一个知识点,或者类似的比较。还有一个没有学过的,总之我在书上没有找到。。。。做这个题比较费时

具体的题不详细介绍啦,太多啦,想起来的不多。。。。

计算:内标法和计算理论塔板数。

红外、核磁氢谱、质谱解谱,C8 H14 O2

考顺反异构,没有考往年的苯环之类的

2007 601中药综合

中药学:

选择:单选各章

问答:1、细辛、白芷、延胡索等五味止痛区别,从性味机理说明

2、石决明和草决明均明目、朱砂和磁石均重镇安神从性味机理说明临床选用异同

3、毒性概念及“有毒无毒”判别标准

有机化学:

单选、结构、命名、化学反应、小问答

合成:1、由苯合成4-羟基萘偶氮苯

2、由苯合成苯乙酸

分析化学:

填空:主要是光谱原理、质谱离子和色谱仪器

计算一道:紫外算含量医学全在线https://www.360docs.net/doc/505708556.html,

综合解析一道:较简单,好像是一个对位取代酰苯胺

中药化学:

名词解释:可水解鞣质,酯苷,木脂素、甲型强心苷、有效部位

化合物写出类型及基本母核:大黄素,黄芩素,葛根素、甘草酸和一个香豆素

颜色反应:Legal,Gibb's,K-K,L-B,Vitali

问答:生物碱的溶解性

工艺及原理:提取分离大黄

2006 601中药综合

一.名词解释

1.有效部位

2.oligosallharides

3.木脂素

4.挥发油

5.鞣质

二.简述下列反应的应用意义

1.Borntrager反应

2.Gibb's反应

3.Ecgrine反应

4.L-B反应

5.K-K反应

三.提取分离工艺设计

设计从中药粉防己中提取分离轮环藤酚碱、汉防己甲素和汉防己乙素的工艺、流程,并给出相关理论依据

四.问答

1.中药化学在中药产业中有何作用?举例说明

2.中药花学成分分离常用的色普方法有那些并简述有关原理

3.环烯醚萜类化合物具有何种特性?在提取分离时应如何注意?

4.怎样进行苷类成分的结构研究?并给出相关技术

2005-2015年历年考研英语一完形填空真题

The human nose is an underrated tool.Humans are often thought to be insensitive smellers compared with animals,1 this is largely because,2 animals,we stand upright.This means that our noses are 3 to perceiving those smells which float through the air,4 the majority of smells which stick to surfaces.In fact5,we are extremely sensitive to smells,6 we do not generally realize it.Our noses are capable of 7 human smells even when these are 8 to far below one part in one million. Strangely,some people find that they can smell one type of flower but not another,9 others are sensitive to the smells of both flowers.This may be because some people do not have the genes necessary to generate 10 smell receptors in the nose.These receptors are the cells which sense smells and send 11 to the brain.However,it has been found that even people insensitive to a certain smell 12 can suddenly become sensitive to it when 13 to it often enough. The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that brain finds it 14 to keep all smell receptors working all the time but can 15 new receptors if necessary.This may 16 explain why we are not usually sensitive to our own smells we simply do not need to be.We are not 17 of the usual smell of our own house but we 18 new smells when we visit someone else's.The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors 19 for unfamiliar and emergency signals 20 the smell of smoke,which might indicate the danger of fire. 1.[A]although [B]as [C]but [D]while 2.[A]above [B]unlike [C]excluding [D]besides 3.[A]limited [B]committed [C]dedicated [D]confined 4.[A]catching [B]ignoring [C]missing [D]tracking 5.[A]anyway [B]though [C]instead [D]therefore 6.[A]even if [B]if only [C]only if [D]as if 7.[A]distinguishing [B]discovering [C]determining [D]detecting 8.[A]diluted [B]dissolved [C]determining [D]diffused 9.[A]when [B]since [C]for [D]whereas 10.[A]unusual [B]particular [C]unique [D]typical 11.[A]signs [B]stimuli [C]messages [D]impulses 12.[A]at first [B]at all [C]at large [D]at times 13.[A]subjected [B]left [C]drawn [D]exposed 14.[A]ineffective [B]incompetent [C]inefficient [D]insufficient 15.[A]introduce [B]summon [C]trigger [D]create 16.[A]still [B]also [C]otherwise [D]nevertheless 17.[A]sure [B]sick [C]aware [D]tired 18.[A]tolerate [B]repel [C]neglect [D]notice 19.[A]available [B]reliable [C]identifiable [D]suitable 20.[A]similar to [B]such as [C]along with [D]aside from

2015年考研英语(一)深度解析:完型

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