完成时态知识点全解

星火教育一对一辅导教案

学生姓名性别年级学科

授课教师上课时间

教学课题

教学目标完成时态的学习

教学重点

延续性动词，时态的正确使用，句型转换

与难点

教学过程

现在完成时

1，结构：主语+have/has+动词过去分词

例句：I have eaten an apple.

否定：

疑问句：

答句：肯定/否定

2,使用情况：

第一种情况：动作在过去发生，对现在产生影响。

I have lost my keys，so I can’t go home now.

过去丢了钥匙，但对现在造成了影响回不了家。

又如：He has caught a bad cold.He can’t go to school.

第二种情况，动作从过去开始发生，并一直持续到现在，并且很有可能继续持续下去。

常和for+时间段/since+过去时间点（词组或从句）连用等时间状语。

常用在完成时中的时间状语：recently, already，yet，so far，until now, by now, ever。

辨析以下几组词汇：

just now/just, in the past/in the past few years,already/yet

Just 常和完成时连用，just now表刚才，应用一般过去时。

例句：I drank a glass of beer just now.

I have just drunk a glass of beer.（just一般位于have，has和过去分词之间）

In the past 在过去的某个时间点，和过去时连用，in the past few years是过去的几年里，是时间段。例句：I was a teacher in the past

I have been a teacher in the past few years.

already表已经，位置比较灵活：

I have eaten the cake already.

I have already eaten the cake.

yet既可以翻译为已经，也可以翻译为还没。

在填空时需要注意辨别两个中文意义：

Have you found your keys （已经）？

For+时间段：

A I have taught English for 5 years.（时间段）

例句A若改为since：自从引导：I have taught English since 5 years ago.

两句表达的意义相同，使用方式却不一样，since和for可以互相转化，只需要将时间段和时间点改变。

Since的用法：

Since 也可以引导时间状语从句，如：

I have worked in this shop since I was a little girl.

这种情况下的时态选择为：（主句现完，从句一般过）

再如：James has been a doctor since he graduated from the university.

需要注意的是，表达某事持续多长时间：“it is +一段时间+since从句”

时态选择为：主句一般现在时，从句一般过去时

例：It is two hours since the meeting began.

翻译该句子：

Lucy离开家已经一个礼拜了。（出去旅游了）

.

句子中有明确一段时间，或暗示是一段时间段时，句子中谓语动词必须使用延续性动词，而不是非延续性动词。非延续性动词不可以和时间段连用。

瞬间动词一般的延续性形式完成时的延续性形式

leave be away have/has been away

begin/start/put on be on have/has been on

turn off - turn on be off - be on have/has been off

end/finish be over have/has been over

buy have have/has had

borrow keep have/has kept

die be dead have/has been dead

get to know know have/has known

come/go+介词be+介词have/has been+介词

open/close be open/closed have/has been open/closed

join/take part in be in+组织/

be a member of+组织have/has been in+组织/

have/has been a member of+组织

become be have/has been

get married be married have/has been married fall asleep be asleep have/has been asleep catch a cold have a cold have/has had a cold get used to be used to have/has been used to

例：

I have bought a book for ten days.×

I have had a book for ten days. √

练习：

翻译下列句子：

1，我已经结婚六年了。

2，Lucy的妹妹已经感冒很久了。

3，把电视音量调小，宝宝已经睡着了。

【注意】

1，忌处处都用延续性动词。

句子中有明显的时间段时，才需要将非延续性动词改为延续性动词。

如：I have bought a new book.

I have had this book for 2 months.

2，不只是完成时态中需要延续性动词，下面这两种也经常考：

我能借这本书多久？

How long can I borrow the book?×

How long can I keep the book?√

请在我离开的那段时间照顾狗。

Please look after my dog when I leave.×

Please look after my dog while I am away.√

3，短暂性动词的否定形式可以看做是延续性动词

例：

We haven't met since three years ago.

【注意】

Have been to ,have gone to , have been in 的区别

①have gone to:

在去某地的路上，或者已经离开了出发地，或者已经到了目的地，总之已经离开了说话者的位置，还没回来。

在上表可知，由于go是短暂性动词，故该词组使用时，不可以和时间段的词组连用。

如：James has gone to New York with his family.表示James已经出发离开，或者到了纽约，或者在去纽约的路上，还没回来。

如：I have gone to Shanghai for two days.×这种表达就是错误的。

②Have been to:

曾经去过某地，现在已经回来，或者已经去了其他地方，总之已经离开了。强调人的过往经历，常和次数连用。

如：I have been to the Great Britain for three times.

注意：0次也是次数！

例：I have never USA .(been to/gone to/been in)

从没去过，隐藏了去了0次的意义。

③have been in:

还待在句中提到的位置，小地点可用at。通常会和一段时间连用。

如：Mr. Smith has been in this school for twenty years.待了20年，现在还在这个学校。

练习：

注意，不要学了完成时后，处处都用完成时态。

过去时和完成时的区别：

1，有明确的过去时间状语，如yesterday, last month, a few days ago等。

观察以下填空题：

例：

We have to repair the window because a strong wind (break) it.

如改为：

We have to repair the window today,because a strong wind (break) it yesterday.

2，有上下文提示，确定是否对现在有影响，注意but等转折词。

My father __went___ (go) to France several times in his twenties. Now he teaches French in a famous university.

答案为一般过去式，而非完成时。