2012年北京中考英语真题卷含答案解析
2012年北京市高级中等学校
招生考试 英语 1A
(满分:120分 时间:120分钟) 听力理解(共26分)(略)
知识运用(共25分)
四、单项填空(共13分,每小题1分)
从下面各题所给的A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中,选择可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
22.The lovely girl is from Class 6. name is Alice.
A.Her
B.His C .Your D.Its
23.—Is your father home?
—No,he s working late the office.
A.on
B.at
C.of
D.to
24.There were only two paintings for sale and he bought .
A.all
B.any
C.both
D.some
25.Let s for a walk,shall we?
A.to go
B.going
C.go
D.gone
26.—Where were you last Saturday?
—I in the Capital Museum.
A.am
B.will be
C.was
D.have been
27.—Mum,must I wash the dishes right now?
—No,you .
A.shouldn t
B.wouldn t
C.mustn t
D.needn t
28.I work hard this term,but Peter works much .
A.hard
B.harder
C.hardest
D.the hardest
29.—May I speak to the headmaster?
—He a meeting now.Can I take a message?
A.is having B .had C.has D .will have
30.There are no buses, you ll have to walk.
A.so
B.or
C.but
D.for
31.— is the dictionary?
—It s $22.95.
A.How old
B.How long
C.How thick
D.How much
32.I Mr.Smith since he moved to Shanghai.
A.didn t hear from
B.don t hear from
C.won t hear from
D.haven t heard from
33.Today,computers are really helpful.They everywhere.
https://www.360docs.net/doc/5118398769.html,e B .are used https://www.360docs.net/doc/5118398769.html,ed D.were used
34.—Can you tell me the prize,Tom?
—Last year.
A.when you got
B.when did you get
C.when will you get
D.when you will get
五、完形填空(共12分,每小题1分)
阅读下面的短文,掌握其大意,然后从短文后各题所给的A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中,选择最佳选项。
Several weeks ago,our headmaster,Mr.Gaudi,told us that our school had been chosen to compete on Smart Aleck—a game show which my best friend Carla and I both love.Carla has a good imagination,and I know a lot of history,so we thought we d be good35for the team.
A few days later,Mr.Gaudi held a meeting with everyone interested in the36.He told us that Smart Aleck uses a five-member team.He also said that three more people would be needed as backup(替补).Unluckily,four times that many students were at the meeting.So Mr.Gaudi said we would have a37and the top eight scorers would become the team and the backup.Everybody agreed that this was a38way to decide.
Yesterday,all of the hopefuls went to the dining hall after school.We would have to decide the starting
line-up(阵容).Mr.Gaudi acted as the host.After a couple of hours,all the39on the team were set except
one.Carla and I40for that last position.We had to hold a one-on-one competition between the two of us.The winner would be on the team and the loser would be the backup.
Midway through our two-person competition,I was starting to pull ahead.41I saw the look on Carla s face.I waited for a second and knew what I had to do.As much as I wanted to be on Smart Aleck,Carla wanted42 even more.So,starting with my next question,I held back and let Carla43,just by a little bit.Her expression as she44she would be on the show made up for my not being on the team.And since I will go as backup,I ll still have the fun of seeing the show up close.
Was I45by not trying as hard as I could?I don t think so.No one noticed,and Carla and I didn t46 it.It won t hurt the team because Carla will be a very good competitor on the real show.I think that making my best friend happy was the right thing to do.
35.A.choices B.pairs C.leaders D.fans
36.A.course B.work C.trip D.show
37.A.direction B.discussion https://www.360docs.net/doc/5118398769.html,petition D.conversation
38.A.special B.hard C.fair D.funny
39.A.places B.rules https://www.360docs.net/doc/5118398769.html,s D.orders
40.A.tied B.clapped C.cried D.returned
41.A.Still B.Never C.Then D.Again
https://www.360docs.net/doc/5118398769.html, B.it C.me D.her
43.A.wait B.turn C.move D.win
44.A.accepted B.realized C.considered D.decided
https://www.360docs.net/doc/5118398769.html,ing B.refusing C.helping D.cheating
46.A.mean B.plan C.regret D.say
阅读理解(共44分)
六、阅读下列短文,根据短文内容,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选择最佳选项。(共26分,每小题2分)
A
●The cost of the trip is$25.This includes tickets and all rides.
●We suggest that all children bring lunch.
●Buses leave at9:00AM and return at5:00PM.
●Rain Date:Wednesday,July16.
Register at the Children s Recreation Center at the Town Hall by July3.
A one-day registration will also be held on July1at the Brown School.
For more information,call Jane Parks at555-7267.47.Who can take part in the“Event of the Summer”?
A.Children under5.
B.Children over16.
C.Children aged10-14.
D.Children aged5-9.
48.The children had better bring.
A.a basketball
B.lunch
C.a gift
D.gloves
49.When can children register at the Brown School?
A.On July1.
B.On July3.
C.On July14.
D.On July16.
B
Street Ping Pong—Ping!
Do you like table tennis?If you had travelled to cities in the UK like London or Birmingham last summer,you might have seen one of the dozens of free tables that were there as part of a project(项目)called Ping!.
What is Ping!?
Ping!is a three-year table tennis project.It has been running since2010and this year,2012,is the final year.The idea is to put free table tennis tables in eight different towns in the UK for four weeks during the summer.Each table comes with its own bats and balls and is free to play.You can find the tables outdoors.
What does Ping!hope to achieve?
It would be great if Ping!helped find a new Olympic table tennis star but what Ping!really hopes to achieve is just to get people playing and having fun together.“Putting a ping pong table on the street gives people a chance to connect with other people,” said Meera Sodha,Ping!Project Manager.
One of the towns that took part in the project was Hull,a city in England.Forty-five tables were put into the city.Jakob Adamski,an ESOL student learning English,said,“I really enjoyed playing table tennis in the park.It was also a good way for me to practise my English and meet people.”
50.When did the Ping!project start?
https://www.360docs.net/doc/5118398769.html,st summer.
https://www.360docs.net/doc/5118398769.html,st winter.
C.In2010.
D.In2012.
51.What s the Ping!project?
A.Choosing table tennis stars.
B.Holding table tennis matches.
C.Teaching people how to play table tennis.
D.Putting free table tennis tables in some towns.
52.The purpose of the Ping!project is.
A.to help people practise English
B.to invite people to visit the UK cities
C.to get people to play and have fun together
D.to encourage people to take part in the2012Olympics
C
The right name is important in the business world.All you have to do is think of the names for some of the products you buy every day and you ll agree that the name and the product are connected in everyone s mind.
In many countries,successful trade or brand names are protected by law.This is so that other companies cannot make a product that looks like another.People might think that they were buying one product and,in fact,be buying something different.Businesses register a company or a product name with the government.In fact,more than1,000product and company names are registered every hour.Many companies spend a lot of money to find the right name for their products.A good example of this is in the car industry.Some successful names for cars have powerful associations(联系).The Ford Mustang and the Jaguar are only two examples of choosing the names of animals that are fast and strong.
When a https://www.360docs.net/doc/5118398769.html,pany decides to sell its product in another country,it has to make sure that the product name translates properly.When Coca-Cola introduced its soft drink to China,
1B
it looked for the right name.It wanted a name that would do two things.One was to present its image(形象)in Chinese and the second was to be close to its first brand name—Coke.It took some efforts before finding the right word—which sounds similar and translates as“happiness in the mouth”.Asian company names are not new to the United States.The brand names of Samsung and Sony have been successful.Finding the right brand name is a big https://www.360docs.net/doc/5118398769.html,n companies that sell to foreign markets pay to find a name that will connect with its customers.There are even naming companies that specialize in inventing product names.These companies can charge(要价)up to$100,000a word for their creations.But it s worth it.Successful companies know how important the right brand names are for their development.
53.Why are trade names protected by law in many countries?
A.To make companies pay for naming service.
B.To help people choose the best products.
C.To present good images of the products.
D.To prevent products from being copied.
54.What can we learn from the passage?
A.Many companies care about the cost of finding the right names.
B.Creative trade names can help companies to have a larger sale.
C.The government often does business with naming companies.
D.It is considered necessary for cars to be named after animals.
55.What s the best title for the passage?
A.The Business of Names
B.The Development of Names
C.The Rules of Naming Business
D.The Methods of Choosing Names
D
Reading Oliver James Affluenza,I thought about what often happens at home.My12-year-old daughter is in tears.“I have to take a test tomorrow.I don t understand any of it,”she cries out.After shouting and shutting her door,she calms down enough to go through her notes.The following day I ask her how the test went and she just says“OK.I got a nine.”
“Wow,well done!”I say,before she finishes with“But I never get a ten!”
According to James,this obsession with getting top marks has been a bad development,which encourages people to think of education in terms of work and money.To test this,I asked my daughter why she was so worried
about her tests.She looked at me as if I was thick.“Well,if I don t get good grades,I won t get into university.Then I probably won t get a good job and I won t be able to afford nice things like a car and stuff.”
I was quite surprised,because I don t consider myself a pushy parent.But James suggests showing any interest in grades sends the message that what is important is results and it leaves students feeling failures even if they are very bright.He points to the Danish system(体制)of education as a better model.Creating happy citizens who have good social skills is seen as more important than high achievements at school or the needs of business.
For me,I cannot remember the last time I had to work out the area of a circle,recite a Shakespeare poem or grammar rules,yet I have lived a happy life.What I really needed to learn at school was how to make polite conversations,or how to avoid getting into debt or how to develop good personality.
This is in fact similar to what Oliver James really has in mind.And he is looking for schools where students are encouraged to find and follow their own interests,something more like Tongjon.Tongjon has been developed in some Korean private schools.It is quite different from the more rigid system of learning things by heart that is used in Korea,and indeed in many other school systems around the world.
As the Russian poet Pushkin said,“Inspiration(灵感)is needed in geometry(几何学)just as much as in poetry”,and inspiration does not come from endlessly revising for tests or getting worried about them.
56.What does the writer probably think of his/her daughter?
A.She sets herself a goal too high to reach.
B.She should be more polite to her parents.
C.She is hard-working but not very bright.
D.She takes her grades much too seriously.
57.What does the word“obsession”in Paragraph3mean?
A.A plain and unavoidable fact.
B.A satisfied and very proud state.
C.A practical and widely-used way.
D.A fixed and often unreasonable idea.
58.What can we infer from the passage?
A.Social skills are as important as high grades.
B.Interest in grades can shake self-confidence.
C.The writer regrets not having studied hard at school.
D.Danish educational system is for very smart students.
59.The writer wants to tell us that.
A.learning happily is the key to self-development
B.top marks may be helpful to increase one s interest
C.tests should be improved to give children inspiration
https://www.360docs.net/doc/5118398769.html,cation should meet one s needs for work and money
七、阅读短文,根据短文内容,从短文后的五个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余选项。(共8分,每小题2分)
The Living Machine
Dr.Jack Todd is very interested in clean water.60,so it s natural that he is the developer of a small and affordable system(系统)to clean wastewater.His“Living Machine” can clean wastewater in your home or in your business.
61.The wastewater goes into a big plastic tank where bacteria(细菌)start to break down the waste.A few days later after it is dealt with,the water is brought into a greenhouse filled with plants and fish.With the help of sunlight,the plants and animals remove more chemicals from the water,making it cleaner.Then the water can be reused for washing or bathing.62,but the water is clean enough for watering the flowers,washing the dog,or even for bathing or swimming.
The advantage of this technology is that it is affordable and good for the environment.63,it can help to
(共10分,每小题2分)
Every year,wildfires(野火)destroy much forest land.Homes are broken down,and thousands of people
die.Smokejumpers are helping to stop this.
Smokejumpers are a special kind of firefighter.They jump from planes into areas that are difficult to reach by car or on foot.They race to put out fires as fast as they can.
At a fire site,smokejumpers first examine the land and decide how to fight the fire.Their main goal is to stop a fire from https://www.360docs.net/doc/5118398769.html,ing basic tools such as shovels and axes,smokejumpers clear land of burnable material like plants and other dry material.They carry water with them too,but not much.
Although most of smokejumpers are men,more women are joining.Most important are your height and weight.Smokejumpers in the U.S.,for example,must be54to91kilograms,so they don t get hurt when they land,or get blown by strong winds.
Smokejumpers must also be able to live in the wilderness.In Russia,many smokejumpers know how to find food in the forest and even make simple furniture from trees.
The work is dangerous,and the hours are long.But for these firefighters,smokejumping isn t just a job.They love being able to jump out of planes,fight fires,and live in the forest.As28-year-old Russian smokejumper Alexi Tishin says,“This is the best job for the strong and brave.”
64.What are smokejumpers?
65.Where do they jump from?
66.What s their main goal?
67.Why should they have proper weight?
68.What s needed to be a smokejumper?
书面表达(共25分)
九、完成句子(共10分,每小题2分)
根据中文意思完成句子。
69.很抱歉我没能参加你的生日晚会。
for missing your birthday party.
70.你在课余时间喜欢读书吗?
Do you in your spare time?
71.杰克会和同学们相处得很好。
Jack will his classmates.
72.这个演讲非常精彩,我们都听得很认真。
The speech we all listened carefully.
73.他们很难在这么短的时间内想出新的办法。
a new way in such a short time.
十、文段表达(15分)
根据中文大意和英文提示词语,写出意思连贯、符合逻辑、不少于60词的短文。所给英文提示词语仅供选用。请不要写出你的校名和姓名。
74.生活中每个人都有过与他人分享的体验,如分享一本有趣的书、一段难忘的经历、一个闪光的想法……
现在,某英文报纸就分享(Sharing)话题征文,请你投稿。描述一次你与他人分享
．．的经历,并谈谈你的感受。
提示词语:share...with...;experience;interest;learn;change;encourage;enjoy;happiness;confident
2012年北京市高级中等学校招生考试
知识运用
四、单项填空
22.A句意:这个可爱的女孩来自6班。她的名字是Alice。本题考查物主代词。her她的;his他的;your你的,你们的;its它的。根据语境中的girl一词可知答案为A项。
23.B句意:——你爸爸在家吗?——不在,他正在办公室熬夜工作。本题考查介词。on在……上面,关于;at在某处;of……的;to到某处去。根据句意可知答案为B项。
评析本题考查介词的用法,出题点有别于以往北京中考考点。往年对介词的考查虽然也集中于at,on,in,但多以三者表达时间的区别为主,2012年则考查了介词短语作地点状语的用法。
24.C句意:只有两幅画出售,他都买下了。本题考查不定代词的用法。all都(三者或三者以上);any任何(三者或三者以上);both都(两者);some一些。根据语境中的two可知前提为两者,故答案为C项。
评析本题考查不定代词。这类词中有关“两者”和“三者”全肯定、全否定、选其一的用法是初中英语语法的难点之一。往年北京中考对不定代词的考查难度最大只限于other系列词,2012年中考在不定代词的考查难度上又提升了一个档次。
25.C句意:咱们去散步,好吗?本题考查非谓语动词的用法。动词let后接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语,即let sb.do sth.,意为“让某人做某事”,故答案为C项。
评析北京市中考语法选择题中通常有两道题考查非谓语动词,一题考查动词不定式,如ask sb.to do sth.;另一题考查动名词,如enjoy doing或finish doing。2012年语法题仅有一题考查非谓语动词,考查点则是动词不定式的特殊用法(省略to),由此可见“语法题量减少,难度增加”是事实。此外,let sb.do这个结构以往更常出现在非选择题的“完成句子”题型中。
26.C句意:——上周六你在哪儿?——我在首都博物馆。本题考查动词时态。根据语境中的last Saturday“上周六”可知该句应为一般过去时,故答案为C项。
27.D句意:——妈妈,我必须现在洗碗吗?——不,不必。本题考查情态动词的用法。shouldn t不应
该;wouldn t不愿意;mustn t不可以;needn t不必。根据句意可知答案应为D项。
28.B句意:这学期我学习很努力,但是Peter更努力。本题考查副词的比较级。hard原级;harder比较级;hardest 和the hardest均为最高级。语境中只出现两者相比较(I与Peter),应该用比较级,此外much常用来修饰比较级,故答案为B。
评析本题考查副词的比较级,与往年相比提示词不明显,难度略有增加。此外就选项设置而言,副词的最高级前可带the,也可以省略the,因此选项C和D其实一样。
29.A句意:——我可以跟校长通话吗?——他现在正在开会,我可以带个口信吗?本题考查动词时态。is having现在进行时;had一般过去时;has一般现在时;will have一般将来时。根据语境中的now可知本题应用现在进行时,故答案为A项。
30.A句意:没有公共汽车,因此你得步行。本题考查连词的辨析。so因此;or或者,否则;but但是;for为了,由于。根据句意可知答案为A。
评析2012年中考对连词的考查较以往靠后,往年对于连词的考查通常在语法考题的前五题范围内。此外往年的连词题选项设置通常为and,but,or,so,而2012年中考去掉了最常见的and选项,换上了不常考的连词for,说明语法题难度增大。
31.D句意:——这本词典多少钱?——22.95美元。本题考查特殊疑问词组的辨析。how old多大年龄;how long多长时间;how thick多厚;how much多少钱、多少(指不可数名词的量)。根据语境中的22.95美元可知答案为D。
评析本题考查how系列的特殊疑问词组,往年考点多见how old,how long,how much,how often,间或有how many,how far,2012年却出现了how thick,由此可见出题者在刻意加大语法考查难度。
32.D句意:自从史密斯先生搬去上海我就再也没有收到过他的来信。本题考查动词时态辨析。didn t hear from一般过去时;don t hear from一般现在时;won t hear from一般将来时;haven t heard from现在完成时。根据题中since引导的时间状语从句可知主句应用现在完成时,故答案为D。
评析2012年北京中考语法考查由2011年的15分减少为13分,以往比重较大的动词时态辨析题也相应减少,只出现了3道题,即第26题一般过去时、第29题现在进行时和本题现在完成时。
33.B句意:电脑真的非常有帮助,现在到处都在使用电脑。本题考查动词的被动语态。题中的They指代上句中的computers,与动词use之间形成被动关系,故排除A、C;题中的Today为一般现在时的标志,一般现在时的被动语态结构为am/is/are+动词的过去分词,选项B符合此要求,故答案选B。
评析动词的被动语态是北京市中考常考点,每年必考,出题位置通常是语法倒数第2题(有交际用语考点时曾位于倒数第3题),在宾语从句考点之前。今年依然如此。此外被动语态考查点多以一般现在时、一般过去时为主,2012年很多区县在模拟时预测了一般将来时的被动语态,而最终考查点依然是一般现在时,说明命题人没有在此点上加大难度。
34.A句意:——Tom,能告诉我你何时获的奖吗?——去年。本题考查宾语从句。根据宾语从句语序进行判断,选项A和D符合;又根据答语中的时间状语Last year可知时态为一般过去时,选项A符合此项要求,故答案为A。
评析本题考查宾语从句。往年北京市中考语法考题中通常有两道题考从句,一是if引导的条件状语从句(或when/as soon as引导的时间状语从句),考查点为“主将从现”;另一个则是宾语从句。2012年中考语法题减量之后仅考查了宾语从句,可见宾语从句是初中英语常考点、必考点,其位置亦保持不变,居于语法题最后一题。
五、完形填空
[语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。学校选拔学生参加Smart Aleck竞赛节目(类似北京电视台的《SK状元榜》,编者注),作者和好朋友Carla都想参加,但名额有限,竞争激烈。最后的关键时刻作者不为人察觉地做出让步,将机会给了Carla。毕竟,朋友的笑脸比比赛结果更重要。
35.A choice选择;pair对,双;leader领导者;fan粉丝。根据本段描述,作者和好朋友都想参加此节目,两人各有所长,都认为自己会是参赛队员的极佳人选,故选A。(注意:选项pairs形成很强干扰,若两人结对,应为一对,pair 应为单数,因此可排除。)
36.D course课程;work工作;trip旅行;show节目,表演。根据第一段第一句可知学校被选中参加的是a game show,故答案为D项。
37.C direction方向;discussion讨论;competition比赛,竞赛;conversation对话。本段前四句提到组队只需要正式队员5人加替补队员3人,而报名者却多达四倍,因此只能以竞赛的方式选拔,故答案为C项。
38.C special特别的;hard困难的;fair公平的;funny可笑的。从众多的报名者中选拔队员,竞赛是大家公认的最公平的方式,故答案为C项。
39.A place位置;rule规则;name名字;order命令。下一句中的that last position表明其他位置均已确定,position 与place在此处为同义词,因此A项为正确答案。
40.A tie打成平局,得分相同;clap鼓掌;cry哭喊;return归还。最后一个位置的争夺战在两个好朋友之间展开,两人势均力敌,故答案为A项。
41.C still仍然;never从未;then然后;again又,再。作者在领先之后注意到好朋友Carla的表情,故答案为C 项。
42.B根据句意“Carla比我更想得到(这个位置/这个机会)”可知此处需要的人称代词应该代替前半句中的动词不定式短语to be on Smart Aleck,四个选项中只有it有此功能,故选B。
43.D wait等候;turn转弯;move移动;win获胜。作者有意退让一小步,以便让好朋友Carla赢得比赛,故答案为D项。
44.B accept接受;realize意识到;consider思索;decide决定。Carla意识到自己获得了参加Smart Aleck节目的宝贵机会,十分激动。根据句意可知答案为B项。
45.D come来;refuse拒绝;help帮助;cheat欺骗。结合上文可以看出作者在选拔赛中本可以获胜,却故意输给了Carla,还不让对方知晓自己在这么做(否则会伤害到对方的自尊心),这是不是在比赛中欺骗对手呢?据此可知答案应为D项。
46.B mean意味着;plan计划,谋划;regret遗憾;say说。本句的主语是Carla and I,句式为否定,即选拔赛的过程不是两人事先谋划好的,故答案选B。
[长难句]Several weeks ago,our headmaster,Mr.Gaudi,told us that our school had been chosen to compete on Smart Aleck—a game show which my best friend Carla and I both love.几周前我们的校长高迪先生告诉我们说我们学校被选中参加Smart Aleck竞赛节目,这是我和好朋友Carla都喜爱的节目。
本句中出现三组同位语,即our headmaster和Mr.Gaudi;Smart Aleck和a game show;my best friend和Carla。另外还出现两个从句,一个是told us后面that引导的宾语从句,另一个是which引导的限制性定语从句。
评析与往年完形填空题相比,2012年北京市中考完形填空难度相对较大,这一点从代词的考查方向就可看出。以往完形填空中的考查代词的题较为容易,通常指代故事中的人物,指代清晰,容易选择,可归为较易题;而2012年完形填空的第42题却考查了it指代动词不定式的用法,这在中考完形填空题中较为罕见。另外往年完形填空侧重动词辨析,名词辨析只有1~2题,2012年名词辨析却有4道题(第35、36、37、39题),几乎与动词辨析平分秋色(动词辨析共5道题,分别是第40、43、44、45、46题),考生应当多加注意。
阅读理解
六、
A
[语篇解读]本文是一则通知形式的应用文,内容是邀请10到14岁的孩子去“太阳谷”娱乐园参加活动,同时提出了一些注意事项,如票价、午餐及出发时间等。
47.C细节理解题。正文第一句即提到孩子年龄应在10到14岁之间,故选C。
48.B细节理解题。注意事项第二条建议孩子自带午饭,故选B。
49.A细节理解题。倒数第二句提到7月1日可在Brown School登记报名,故选A。
评析北京市中考阅读选择题的一贯特点是A篇通常为应用文,题目设置较易,多为细节理解题,本文亦不例外。
B
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文,介绍了一个名为“Ping!” 的大众体育项目,地点是在一些英国城市街头,时间从2010年至2012年。活动发起者在街头设置乒乓球桌,并提供球拍和球供人们免费使用,目的是让人们共同享受体育运动带来的快乐。
50.C细节理解题。文章第二段第二句中提到该项目始于2010年,故答案为C。
51.D细节理解题。文章第二段第三句解释了“Ping!”这个项目的内容,即“夏季在英国八个城镇设置四个星期的免费乒乓球桌”,故答案为D。
52.C细节理解题。文章第三段第一句提到“Ping!”这个项目的目的是希望大家一起运动、一起开心,故答案为C。
评析作为中考阅读的B篇,本文篇幅不短,但题目设置全是细节理解题,无疑降低了本篇阅读的难度。此外文章题材涉及即将开幕的伦敦奥运会,很有时代感。
C
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文,阐述了商品名称的重要性。要想在商战中取得辉煌胜利,不论是在国内市场,还是在海外市场,商品的名字都至关重要。有些公司为此不惜斥巨资以求之,结果证明高投入带来高回报。好名字,你值得拥有。
53.D推理判断题。文章第二段第二句解释了各国立法保护著名商标(商品名称)的原因,即“从而其他公司便不能制造外表类似的商品”,由此可以推断这样做是为了“防止商品被仿冒”,因此答案为D。
54.B推理判断题。文章第三段最后三句提到“有的起名公司会为一个有创意的商品名称每个字要价10万美元,而这都是值得的。成功的公司都知道拥有合适的商品名称对于公司的发展有多么重要。” 由此证明“有创意的商品名称能够帮助公司实现更大盈利”,故选项B为正确答案。
55.A主旨大意题。综合全文可知,本文旨在阐述商品名称对于商业贸易的重要性,因此文章题目应包含两个关键词,一是“商品名称”,一是“商业贸易”,因此可排除B项和D项,因为两者都未提到商业贸易;C意为“公司起名的规则”,显然不符合文章主题;只有A项含有两个关键词,故答案为A。
评析本文以商战为背景,取材颇有时代感。考生在做题的同时也应体会到语言“学以致用”的重要性。能熟练掌握多种语言,并能自如地进行转换的学子,在未来职场和商场都将立于不败之地,也许这才是命题者真正的意图。
D
[语篇解读]本文是一篇议论文,旨在讨论教育的真正目的和意义。现在的学生执意追求高分数,并认为受教育的最终目的就是为了找到好工作、挣大钱,作者自己的女儿也不例外。作者本人显然不认可这种想法,以丹麦教育体制为例,提倡教育应以兴趣为引导方向,以培养快乐、有教养、懂规则的公民为目标。一味追求高分数则会导致孩子丧失人生自信,从小就成了失败者。
56.D推理判断题。文章第一段提到作者的女儿对即将到来的考试有多么焦虑:“明天就要考试了,我还什么都不懂呢。”而事实证明她考试成绩不错,并非真的什么都不懂——小女孩的焦虑源自她对分数的过分追求,即“她把分数看得太重了”,由此可以排除其他选项,确定答案为D。
57.D猜测词义题。画线词obsession之后的介词短语with getting top marks表明本词与“追求高分数”有关,再联系上文中作者女儿考试前的焦虑,以及她考到9分(接近满分)仍不满足,可以推测obsession是对某种事物疯狂追求的心态,词义应为贬义,由此可以排除B项和C项;A项意为“显而易见、不可避免的事实”,指obsession 是一种客观现象,而根据上下文可知obsession应为个人的主观意愿,因此A项被排除,答案为D。
58.B推理判断题。文章第四段第二句提到“对于分数的兴趣会传达这样一个信息,即结果最重要,而这种思想将使学生产生挫败感,即使聪明的学生也不例外。” 由此可以推断对分数的过分关注会动摇学生的自信心,据此排除C项和D项;A项说“社交技巧和高分同等重要”,这显然有悖于作者的观点,第四段最后一句表明作者认为前者比后者重要,A项因此也被排除。故答案为B项。
59.A主旨大意题。文章第五段中作者现身说法,以自身经历证明在学校学到的文理知识并不重要,真正重要的是学会如何做一个有教养、会生活的快乐公民;结合文章前四段的描述和评论,可以看出作者的观点是:对一个学习者而言,兴趣是最好的导师,快乐是学习的目的。B项和C项都在提分数和考试的重要性,显然不是作者的观点,D项说教育的目的是为了工作和金钱,这更是作者极力反对的,因此答案为A项。
[长难句]But James suggests showing any interest in grades sends the message that what is important is results and it leaves students feeling failures even if they are very bright.但是詹姆斯认为对于分数的兴趣会传达这样一个信息,即结果最重要,而这种思想将使学生有挫败感,即使聪明的学生也不例外。
此句句式结构颇为复杂,整体上这是一个主从复合句,谓语动词suggests后接一个宾语从句,其主语是动名词短语showing any interest in grades;此宾语从句中又含有一个that引导的同位语从句,用来解释message 的内容;而and后的并列分句中含有一个由even if引导的让步状语从句。
评析此文的选材极富现实意义,传达了命题人对教育现状的思考。文章长度符合以往北京中考D篇特点,生词量不低于3%。还有些词看起来虽不陌生,却具有非常陌生的用法,比如第三段第三句She looked at me
as if I was thick,句中的thick一词一度被考生认为是sick的错拼,其实不然,麦克米伦高阶词典第1490页关于thick的第7个词条解释如下:“(informal)stupid”,即“(非正式用法)愚蠢的”。这种“熟词生义”是否会成为阅读题中的常态,值得引起考生注意。日常学习中要勤用词典,多积累单词的含义及用法,方能有备无患。
七、
[语篇解读]本文是一篇以环保为主题的说明文,介绍了一种新型的废水净化系统——Living Machine,此方法利用微生物和动植物进行污水处理,既简单又经济,有着很好的应用前景。
60.C新型废水净化系统的发明者特德博士不但对净水感兴趣,“也对省钱感兴趣”,这才催生了此项经济型废水净化系统。故答案选C。
61.E第一段末尾提到了“Living Machine”,第二段开始应对此进行解释,即“Living Machine是一种废水净化系统”,因此答案选E。
62.D设空处上一句说“经此系统净化后的废水可以用来洗衣或洗澡”,其后的内容是它还可以用来浇花等,此处应说“它还不能饮用”,故选D。
63.A此处在展望这种废水净化系统的应用前景,是一种假设,因此选择if引导的条件状语从句,故答案为A。
评析此篇文章难度不大,命题科学合理,设空处与前后句有清晰的逻辑关系。如空60和空62后面各有一个连词(so和but),依据该连词很容易做出选择;空63后则只有逗号,没有连词,这意味着设空处需要填入一个从句方能使句子结构正确,而选项中只有A项是从句,因此也不难。当然这也需要考生有较扎实的英语句法基础。
八、
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文,介绍了smokejumper(空降消防员)的工作性质和行业要求。
64.Smokejumpers are a special kind of firefighters.由第二段第一句可知,空降消防员是消防员的一种。
65.They jump from planes.由第二段第二句可知,空降消防员执行任务时需要从飞机上跳下。
66.Their main goal is to stop a fire from spreading.由第三段第二句可知,空降消防员的主要任务是阻止火势蔓延。
67.Because they won t get hurt when they land,or get blown by strong winds.由第四段最后一句可知,空降消防员的体重要求在54至91公斤之间,这样他们才不至于在着陆时受伤,或者被强风吹跑。
68.To be a smokejumper,one needs to have proper height and weight,be able to live in the wilderness and love
his/her job.本题需要综合归纳文章多处信息。要想成为一名空降消防员,既要身高、体重符合要求(见第四段最后一句),又要有野外生存的本领(见第五段第一句),同时更要有对这份危险工作的热爱(见第六段第三句)。
评析与以往北京市中考同类题型相比,2012年阅读与表达从文章长度和问题设置上未见有难度上的明
显增加。前四道题依然能从文章中直接找到答案,最后一道总结归纳题也比较容易从后三段中分别找到支撑点,唯一的难度在于如何正确地组织句子。一如往年,得一分易,得两分难。
书面表达
九、完成句子
69.I m/I am sorry本题考查句型be sorry for doing sth.,意为“为做某事抱歉/遗憾”,根据中文句子主语为I,be 动词相应改为am。
评析此句型近几年在北京市中考题中很少出现。此外本题型很少在第一题就出现词形变化,虽然只是简单的be动词,也有些意外。
70.like reading本题考查点是like doing sth.,意为“喜欢做某事”。注意“读书”只需用reading就可以,不需再写出books,否则容易把book写成单数,导致丢分。
评析此句型难度不大,答案还可以是enjoy reading。
71.get along/on well with本题考查点是词组get along with someone(get on well with someone),意为“与某人
相处融洽”。
评析本题考查机械记忆,不需要进行词形变化。
72.was so wonderful that本题主要考查句型so...that...,意为“如此……以至于”,同时考查be动词的过去式was。评析so...that...句型是北京市中考的常考点,而且常与其他考点结合考查。
73.It s difficult for them to come up with本题考查点有两个,一个是句型It s+形容词+for sb.+to do sth.,意
为“对某人来说做某事是……”;另一个是词组come up with,意为“想出(主意/办法)”。另外difficult一词的拼写也要格外小心,中间的字母i经常被忽略。
评析比起往年中考“完成句子”最后一道题,此题难度不大,每小题考点只有一个或两个,涉及的词形变化
也很少,较容易拿满2分。
十、文段表达
[写作要点]
1.文章应写成夹叙夹议类型,而且要先叙后议、多叙少议、详叙精议;
2.先以过去时回忆过去与人分享的经历,注意使用多种句式结构,避免重复使用简单句,另外词汇要尽可能丰富;
3.结尾处谈对“分享”的感受,时态可转为现在时,可以用简短的排比句式,以sharing作主语,会起到画龙点睛的
效果。
[参考范文]
I had an experience of sharing.When my family moved,I had to go to a new school and study in a new class.The first test made me so nervous that I failed.I got worried and felt helpless until one of my new classmates came up to me and asked softly if I was OK.After I told him about my problem,he gave me some advice.From then on,we got to know each other and shared our ideas,problems and happiness.We became good friends.Sharing with friends helped me bring back my confidence and fit in with others.
评析2012年北京市中考“书面表达”命题中规中矩,未给考生带来烦恼。首先中文提示非常友善,极具“提示”作用,利于学生回忆起相关经历;其次关于分享的话题与诸如友谊和环保的话题一样,很亲切、不陌生;最后是夹叙夹议的写法较为普遍,贯穿了初三学年的始终。总之比较好落笔。
2019年北京市中考英语试题含解析
英语试卷 姓名准考证号考场号座位号 知识运用(共1 4分) 一、单项填空(共6分，每小题0.5分) 从下面各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 答案：1—5 BCADC 1. Mr. Wang is coming to our school. I can’t wait to see . A. her B. him C. it D. them 解析：Mr. Wang表示“王先生”，指男性，故用him。 2. We planted some flowers the garden yesterday. A. on B. to C. in D. of 解析：指在花园里，介词用in。 3. — Excuse me, is this T-shirt? — It’s 88 yuan. A. how much B. how many C. how long D. how old 解析：：由答句可知，问句问的是价钱，故用how much。how many询问数量，修饰可数名词复数；how long询问长度；how old询问年龄。 4. — Lily, _____ you finish the letter in ten minutes? — Yes, I can.
A. must B. should C. need D. can 解析：由答句中的“I can”可知，此处是问你能在10分钟之内完成这封信吗，故用can。 5. This cap is nice, it doesn’t look good on me. A. for B. so C. but D. or 解析：句意：这个帽子很漂亮，但我戴着它不好看。空格前后内容之间存在转折关系，故用but。 答案：6—10 BADDA 6. Julie takes good care of the family dog. She is than her brother. A. patient B. more patient C. most patient D. the most patient 解析：由句子中的“than her brother”可推知，此处要用patient比较级。 7. Sam with his friends every weekend. A. skates B. is skating C. has skated D. was skating 解析：由时间状语“every weekend”可推知，句子要用一般现在时。 8. — Tom, what’s your dad doing? — He my bike. A. repairs B. will repair C. has repaired D. is repairing 解析：问句句意：汤姆，你爸爸正在做什么？由问句可知，答句要用现在进行时。 9. Our school life a lot since 2017. We have more activities now. A. changes B. changed C. will change D. has changed 解析：由句子中的时间状语“since 2017”可推知，句子要用现在完成时。 10. If you want to visit the Palace Museum, I tickets for you tomorrow. A. will book B. booked C. have booked D. was booking 解析：在if引导的条件句中，从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时。 答案：11—12 CB
2021中考英语超全试题分类汇编(含解析)
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(英语)中考英语阅读理解试题经典及解析
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中考英语试题和答案解析(Word版).pdf
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2018北京中考英语试题及答案解析
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