英汉对比与翻译导论课程论文要求

《英汉对比与翻译导论》期末安排

1.该课程要进行期末考试，考试形式为开卷考试。

2.同时还要在最后一次课前递交一份纸质版的课程论文，具体要求如下：

（1）write an article on comparison of English and Chinese and translation with 1500 to 2000 words, either in English or in Chinese.

（2）上交时间：期末考试之前，第16周（即6月8日）之前。

（3）上交纸质版的，封皮自己制作，可以参考上学期英美文学欣赏的论文格式和封皮。

（4）论文可以整片用中文（可以有英文例子），也可以整片用英语（可以有中文例子，对于学有余力的同学可以尝试一下），但是无论整篇论文用英语还是用中文，一定都不能缺少中文摘要，中文摘要是必须的。

（5）论文要有标题，摘要（如果是通篇用英文，那么一定要有中文摘要），参考文献（书写格式仿照上学期的英美文学欣赏课程论文格式），引用来源（要用括号在引用的句子或段落后标注出来，可以仿照上学期语言学概论课上老师所讲的的论文引用格式要求）。

（6）课程论文主题范围不要太大，可以一个或一类词为中心，讲述英语和中文不同的翻译方式；也可以以一个翻译知识点（有名词与动词的转换）为中心，介绍大量的例子来对比英语和中文的特点。当然如果有其他更好地角度，大家也可以自己选择。

（7）字数要求：通篇用中文的，不少于1500汉字，但是也别写的太多了，不多于2500汉字；通篇用英文的，1500—2000个单词。

（8）不得抄袭。

《中国翻译》论文格式及文献格式

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英汉对比与翻译期末论文 (2)

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语境也得以完整地保留了。以上例子就体现了英汉互译中一个很重要的规律，即词性转换。世界上的语言，不管其各有多少词类，名词和动词都占最大的比例；不管有多少句型，都能归纳为静态与动态两类。总的来说，汉语呈动态特征，英文呈静态特征。在词汇的使用上，汉语的动态表现为：汉语的动词丰富，使用频率高；而英语中，名词、介词等非动词性此类的使用频率很高。据周志培（2003:390）统计显示截选如下：（1）“邓小平在武昌、深圳、珠海、上海等地的谈话要点”及英译语言总数名词介词动词助动非限定动词代词形容词副词数词连词量词冠词汉语词数636 167 11 186 27 41 70 70 39 17 8 % 26% 2% 29% 4% 7% 11% 11% 6% 3% 1% 英语词数907 238 99 105 19 30 98 104 43 28 5 84 % 26% 11% 12% 2% 3% 11% 11% 5% 3% 7% 9% （2）“英国首相撒切尔夫人在中国欢迎宴会上的讲话”及汉译文语言总数名词介词动词助动非限定动词代词形容词副词数词连词量词冠词汉语词数324 99 9 72 5 36 22 42 15 13 2 % 31% 3% 22% 2% 11% 7% 13% 4% 4% 0.6% 英语词数366 91 49 41 1 9 39 50 22 13 23 28 % 25% 14% 11% 0.2% 2% 10% 14% 6% 4% 6% 8% 上述结果表明，若要在英汉互译中，若要翻译出地道的T arget Text，就应当尽量符合Target Language的表达习惯。这必然包含必要的词性转换。在进行英译汉时，根据需要将英文中的名词，介词等

英汉语言对比与翻译2

幻灯片1 课后练习 ●blue films ●bluebottle ●Greenfly ●common criminal ●common informer ●hard labor ●free love ●blue-eyed boy ●bluestocking 幻灯片2 参考翻译 ●blue films 蓝色电影（×） ●淫秽电影（√） ●bluebottle 蓝瓶子（×） ●绿头苍蝇（√） ●greenfly 绿苍蝇（×） ●蚜虫（√） ●common criminal 普通罪犯（×） ●臭名昭著的罪犯（√） ●common informer 一般的告密者（×） ●职业告密者（√）幻灯片3 参考翻译 ●hard labor 艰苦的劳动（×） ●（监禁）苦役（√） ●free love 自由恋爱（×） ●（无婚约的）自由性爱（√） ●blue-eyed boy 蓝眼睛男孩（×） ●宠儿（√） ●blue sky research/thinking 蓝天研究/思维（×） ●天马行空式的（√）幻灯片4 翻译的原则与标准

1. 支谦与《法句经序》（229年） “天竺言语，与汉异音。云其书为天书，语为天语，名物不同，传实不易。” 开篇即强调了佛经翻译之难，即语言不同，语境不同，名物不同，翻译起来确实不易。幻灯片5 翻译的原则与标准 2. 道安与“五失本，三不易” 源自其在公元382年所作《摩诃钵罗若波罗蜜经抄序》译胡为秦，有五失本也。一者，胡语尽倒，而使从秦，一失本也。二者，胡经尚质，秦人好文，传可众心，非文不合，斯二失本也。幻灯片6 翻译的原则与标准三者，经委悉，至于叹咏，叮咛反复，或三或四，不嫌其烦，而今裁斥，三失本也。四者，胡有义说，正似乱辞，寻说向语，文无以异，或千五百，刈而不存，四失本也。五者，事已全成，将更傍及，反腾前辞，已乃后说，而悉除此，五失本也。幻灯片7 ●“五失本”是： ●一、佛经词序多是颠倒的，汉译时改从汉语语法，容易失本； ●二、佛经文字质朴，而汉人喜欢文采，为适合汉语读者，译文作了润饰，容易失本； ●三、佛经的论述，往往不厌其烦，颂文更是翻三覆四，翻译时删繁就简，容易失本；幻灯片8 ●四、佛经有“义说”（长行之后，另加的偈颂复述）类似汉人韵文后的“乱辞”（总结），

英汉翻译学期论文

英汉翻译学期论文国际商务中信用证翻译特点及策略学期论文题目: __ 指导教师：学号：姓名：外国语学院（部）英语专业2012 届 2012年4月16日

Translation Characteristics and Strategies of Letters of Credit in international Business By Submitted to School of Foreign Languages in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Term Paper For English-Chinese Translation at Under the Supervision of

Translation Characteristics and Strategies of Letters of Credit in international Business ABSTRACT Payment in international trade is crucial for both the seller and the buyer. With the development of international trade, Letters of Credit payment gradually came into being as banks and financial institutions were involved in international trade settlement. With the help of this method of payment, the payment responsibility of the importer is transferred to bank to ensure the safety, as a result, the rapid payment is received by the seller, and meanwhile, the regular shipping documents are given to the buyer conveniently. Therefore, with the benefit of Letters of Credit, the distrust contradiction between the seller and the buyer is solved to a certain extent. Nowadays, payment by Letters of Credit has become the widely adopted method. Letters of Credit English for specific purposes has its own unique vocabulary features. This paper summarizes characteristics of its translation from the credit classification, use of the process, and starting letter words in English, and explores the English translation strategy. It is divided into three chapters: The first chapter probes into the definition of the Letter of Credit, its classification and its use process in international trade; the second describes the characteristics and common errors of the credit translation; The last one is the focus of this article, discussing Letters of Credit translation strategy based on these two chapters, from the perspective of the translation Communicative Theory, Skopos Theory, Functional Equivalence etc. Keywords: Letters of Credit Translation; characteristics; strategies; Functional Theory

2020年整理英汉对比翻译.pdf

Unit1 Some scientists speculate the reduction in mental function often attributed to getting old may really be a penalty of neglecting to stay physically active, in addition to related factors such as medicines and poor diet. If you venture just a little way into the woods, your menu can become even more varied. The roots of Jerusalem artichokes () are often dug in spring and fall at the edges of woods, where the grounds may once have been tilled or farmed. Under U.S. law all aliens seeking admission are presumed to require an immigrant visa unless they establish that they are entitled to receive a visa in one of the nonimmigrant categories. “I believe that the staging of ‘Turandot’ in Beijing will further demonstrate that the arts, whether opera or film, are the best media for people of different cultures and histories to co mmunicate with each other and to share their feelings and emotions”, said Zhang Yimou, the director of the production. “ I spent three or four hours on two short chapters –– savoring each paragraph, lingering over a sentence, a phrase or even a single word, building a detailed mental picture of the scene. Unit2 After lunch he walked to the Que Hua Bridge, where he hired a small boat and paddled along towards the north. Soon he reached the Li Xia Pavilion, so he stepped ashore and went in, and when he entered the gate he saw a house, the paint of which was practically all worn away. Of all the children, granny loved her second son, my uncle, best. The reason is that he not only resembles her very much, but also represents all her hopes. During those days, with grandpa losing his job first and then becoming bed-ridden with paralysis, our family was living in straitened circumstances. Granny pinned all the hopes of the family on my uncle, who was vivacious by nature and brilliant in his studies ever since his childhood,

文学翻译论文

从形合与意合辩证法角度观古诗翻译策略 (潘静20084033042 英语师范三班) 摘要：形合( hypotaxis ) 和意合（parataxis）是英语和汉语篇章组织的常用手段，也是英汉两种语言的重要区别所在。本文提出应当运用哲学中的辩证法原理看待语言中的形合与意合，真正做到学术研究全面、客观、严谨以及科学。一方面，要重视句子及其以下层面的语言特点：英语侧重形合，汉语侧重意合；另一方面，更要研究英汉语的意合与形合在句子层面以上（段落、篇章）所具备的不同作用：英语篇章使用词汇手段等意合组织方式，而汉语篇章中则采用重复和骈偶等形合手段【1】。本文利用对《枫桥夜泊》这首古诗的英译研究分析，强调辩证地、动态地看待英汉语中的形意合问题，改进汉语古诗翻译策略，使译作体现并契合原诗作者的思想与内容，使译作读者明白并理解原诗的内涵与文化。关键词：形合意合辩证法古诗翻译 Abstract: The very common means of English and Chinese discourse are hypotactic and paratactic, as well as the important differences. This paper argues that hypotaxis and parataxis in a language should be researched in a dialectic way. Only in this way, can academic research become more complete and objective. On the one hand, our attention should be paid to the characteristics of English and Chinese sentences and structures below the sentences leve l–English is more hypotactic while Chinese is more paratactic. On the other hand, it is very important and necessary to study the different functions of hypotactic and paratactic structures at the level of paragraphs in the two languages. Lexically paratactic structures are often found in English paragraphs, and hypotactic structures in the form of repetition and parallelism are frequently employed in Chinese. The author attaches the high importance to research languages in a dialectic way by the analysis of Mooring at night by Maple Bridge. So that we can find some strategies about the poem translation and make the successful exchange of two kinds of people with various background. Key words: hypotaxis, parataxis, dialectic way, poem translation 1.引文形合与意合是英汉对比研究和翻译理论研究的重要课题之一，也是英汉语篇组织的重要手段之一。所谓形合就是依仗形式（包括词的变化形态，词汇的衔接等）将语言符号由“散”（个体的词）到“集”（组织乃至语篇）的语言组织手段，具有外显性和刚性；而意合则是依仗意义，即内在的逻辑关系组织语言的手段，具有内隐性和柔性。

英汉语言对比与翻译作业

英汉语言对比与翻译作业 1. It is flattering to believe that they are too profound to be expressed so clearly that all who run may read, and very naturally it does not occur to such writers that the fault is with their own minds which have not the faculty of precise reflection. 翻译：认为自己的思想深奥，不可能表达得很清楚，让任何人都能理解，这是一种虚荣的念头。这样的作家当然不会想到，问题还是出在自己脑子缺乏精确思考的能力。 2. He had a disconcerting habit of expressing contradictory ideas in rapid succession. 翻译：他有一种令人不安的习惯：一会儿一个看法，自相矛盾，变化无常。 3．While the present century was in its teens, and on one sunshiny morning in June, there drove up to the great iron gate of Miss Pinkerton’s academy for young ladies, on Chiswick Mall, a large family coach, with two fat horses in blazing harness, driven by a fat coachman in a three-cornered hat and wig, at the rate of four miles an hour. (Thackeray)翻译：(当时)这个世纪刚过了十几年。六月的一天早上，天气晴朗。契息克林阴道上平克顿女子学校的大铁门前面来了一辆宽敞的私人马车。拉车的两匹肥马套着雪亮的马具，一个肥胖的车夫带了假头发和三角帽子，赶车子的速度是一小时四英里。（萨克雷）