高考英语写作技巧:如何让句型升级

高考英语写作技巧:如何让句型升级
高考英语写作技巧:如何让句型升级

高考英语写作技巧:如何让句型升级

利器一:定语从句

要想写出定语从句,首先要保证两个简单句有重复词汇,再将含有重复词汇的两个简单句合成定语从句。

1.合并法

【使用条件】写作要点中有重复词汇

【例1】假设你是育才中学学生会主席李华。你校将举办一次英语演讲比赛(speech contest),希望附近某大学的外籍教师Smith女士来做评委。请参照以下比赛通知给她写一封信。

英语演讲比赛

主题:人与自然

时间:6月15日下午2:00~5:00

地点:501教室

参赛选手:10名学生

联系人:李华(电话:)

欢迎大家光临

【分析】首先阅读题干,题干中没有直接出现重复词汇,但是稍加分析不难发现,在描述主题时,肯定会多次出现“演讲比赛”。比如:“我校将举办一场演讲比赛,演讲比赛的主题是人与自然,演讲比赛在什么时间什么地点举行”。除此之外,“主题:人与自然”这个要点与“参赛选手:10名学生”也可以说成“演讲比赛的主题是人与自然,10名学生将讨论这个主题”。只要确定写作要点中可以出现两个含有重复词汇的句子,我们就能通过三个步

骤写出定语从句。

刚刚分析过的要点为例:

① The topic of this contest is “Man and Nature”.

②Ten students will talk about “Man and Nature”.

第二步:确定主句和从句,将从句的重复词汇用对应关系词替换并提至从句句首。在确定主句和从句时,考生只需要根据中文构思判断合成后的句子主要想表达哪个要点,含有该要点的句子就是主句。在用对应关系词替换时,考生看到重复词汇指物时用关系代词which / that来替换,指人时用关系代词who / that来替换,指时间时用关系副词when来替换。按照这个步骤和前面分析部分的构思,句子①为我们主要想表达的内容,那么句子②即为从句,将从句中的重复词汇“Man and Nature”用对应关系词which 替换后变为:

③which ten students will talk about

第三步:将替换后的从句作为整体置于主句重复词汇后面。按照该步骤,将句子③置于句子①的重复词汇后变为:

④The topic of this contest is“Man and Nature”,which ten students will talk about.

这样,一个完整的定语从句就写出来了。

2.拆分法

【使用条件】修饰成分中有主谓短语

【例2】假设你是李华,于2010年6月3日搭乘国外某航空公司航班(flight number BA793)回国后,发现遗失了一个行李箱(suitcase)。请用英文给该航空公司写一封信,请他们帮你寻找。

信件要点包括:(1)陈述写信原因;(2)简要描述该行李;(3)说明其重要性;(4)期待回复并表示感谢。

【分析】题目中讲到李华在飞机上遗失了一个行李箱,要求考生在信件中说明行李箱的重要性。审题后很多考生可以构思出这样一个句子——“这个行李箱是妈妈送给我的生日礼物”,但在用英文表达时很少考生会用定语从句来表达。我们可以把“的”后面的被修饰语(一般为名词或名词短语)进行拆分,然后写成定语从句。具体步骤如下。

【步骤】第一步:在中文语境下,把被修饰语拆分到两个完整的句子中去,然后再翻译成英文。以上面分析部分构思的句子为例进行如下拆分:

①这个行李箱是我的生日礼物。(The suitcase was my birthday present.)

②我妈妈送生日礼物给我。(My mother gave me a birthday present.)

第二步:确定主句和从句,将从句的重复词汇用对应关系词替换并提至从句句首。经过第一步的拆分和翻译,两个含有重复词汇的句子就出现在我们眼前,接下来的步骤和“合并法”的第二步一样,确定从句并进行关系词替换。birthday present指物,所以用关系代词which / that替换后变为:③which / that my mother gave me

第三步:将替换后的从句作为整体置于主句重复词后面。将①中的英文句子和句子③合并后变成:

④The suitcase was my birthday present which / that my mother gave

另外,我们还可以再添加一些信息,比如在句尾加上时间状语从句变成:⑤The suitcase was my birthday present which / that my mother gave me when I was 18 years old.

利器二:含非谓语动词的句子

个知识点。要是考生能在写作中写几个含有非谓语动词的句子,相信会给作文加分不少。鉴于此,下面介绍一种方法来帮助同学们写出含非谓语动词的句子。该方法要分两步来进行。

1.写出原因/条件状语从句,注意主从句主语要保持一致

原因状语从句和条件状语从句是考生非常熟悉的两种从句,写起来比较容易,只要分析前后句对应的逻辑关系,在从句前加上because / if即可。这里之所以选择这两种状语从句,是因为我们在写作时,为了扩充要点,经常会添加一些成分,其中最常添加的是原因和条件。以例1为例,我们可以写出以下两个句子:

① If you have any questions about this contest,you can call me at 44876655.

②Because you are respected as an outstanding foreign teacher,you have been invited to be a judge in our contest.

2.判断从句的语态(主动/被动),按照对应的公式进行变化

【主动公式】If / Because +主语+谓语+其他→谓语动词ing形式+其他上面句子①中的从句为主动语态,我们按照上述公式来变化一下这个句

变化前:If you have any questions about this contest,you can call me at 44876655.

变化后:Having any questions about this contest,you can call me at 44876655.

【被动公式】If / Because +主语+ be +过去分词+其他→过去分词+其他上面句子②中的从句为被动语态,我们按照上述公式来变化一下这个句子。

变化前:Because you are respected as an outstanding foreign teacher,you have been invited to be a judge in our contest.

变化后:Respected as an outstanding foreign teacher,you have been invited to be a judge in our contest.

经过上面两个步骤,状语从句就华丽变身为非谓语动词短语。

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上海高考英语概要写作技巧 Rubrics for summary writing (2019-9-14) 评分标准: 1. 本题总分为15分, 其中内容10分, 语言5分。(这部分还有待最终确认,可能是5+5) 2. 评分时应注意的主要方面: 内容要点、信息呈现的连贯性和准确性。 3. 词数超过60,酌情扣分。 各档次给分要求: 内容部分 A. 能准确、全面地概括文章主旨大意,并涵盖主要信息。 B. 能准确概括文章主旨大意,但遗漏个别主要信息。 C. 能概括文章主旨大意,但遗漏部分主要信息。 D. 未能准确概括文章主旨大意,遗漏较多主要信息或留有过多细节信息。 E. 几乎不能概括文章的主旨大意,未涉及文中有意义的相关信息。 F. 完全未作答或作答与本题无关。 语言部分 A. 能用自己的语言连贯、正确地表述。 B. 能用自己的语言较连贯、正确地表述,但有个别语言错误。 C. 基本能用自己的语言连贯、正确地表述,但连贯性较差,且有少量不影响表意的语言错误。 D. 基本能用自己的语言表述,但连贯性较差,且严重语言错误较多。 E. 几乎不能用自己的语言连贯、正确地表述。 F. 完全未作答或作答与本题无关。 把握文体特点 记叙文:what who when where why how 议论文:opinion/ idea+ argument (supporting ideas / reasons) 说明文:phenomenon/ problem + reason + solution (cause and effect), introduction of an object (how it is made, how it is used, how it may change, what makes it new or significant) 新闻:a focus on the first paragraph, and the first or last sentence of the other paragraphs 样题解读 Dirt Getting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people, is a good thing. However, there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt. In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the king of England in 1546. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way. Henry IV, King of France, was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out. Though the belief in the merit of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18 century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War II. Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea: clothes need to be whiter than white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine.

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