托福综合口语TASK3出题形式和问题模式分类讲解

托福综合口语TASK3出题形式和问题模式分类讲解
托福综合口语TASK3出题形式和问题模式分类讲解

托福综合口语TASK3出题形式和问题

模式分类讲解

托福综合口语TASK3是题型较为复杂的一道口语题,今天给大家带来托福综合口语TASK3出题形式和问题模式分类讲解,希望可以帮助到大家,下面就和大家分享,来欣赏一下吧。

托福综合口语TASK3出题形式和问题模式分类讲解

托福综合口语TASK3出题形式介绍

形式:Campus-relatedIssue and Students’Attitude

此题目为综合口语部分的第一道题,分别有阅读,听力和口语三个部分组成,阅读为校方通知或者为学生的公开信,听力为学生对话讨论他们在学校里遇到的相关问题, 对校方通知或者

公开信表达他们的观点,即赞同或者反对,并且会给出详细理由。

--Reading(考生用大约45秒完成一遍120单词的*,*内容跟校园生活有关)

1. An announcement 大学校方通知,学校的规定(policy)/

计划(plan)

2. An open letter 学生公开信, 学生针对某个问题的提议(proposal)

45秒钟过后,*将不再重现。

--Listening (学生讨论大约1分钟)

形式:1+2即1个观点+2点理由

听力内容是学生对于阅读内容的讨论。

主要听主角的观点和理由,主角的观点鲜明(赞成或反对)理由充分。

--Speaking (准备时间30秒,陈述时间60秒)

重复阅读和听力的内容,即根据阅读上下文总结主角的态度和理由,理由一般为两个。

托福综合口语TASK3问题模式讲解

Question: The man/woman expresses his/her opinion of Reading Passage.State his/her opinion and explain the reason

he/she gives for holding this opinion.

TASK3问题分类:4大类

由于阅读部分是有两种类型大学校方通知或布告(announcement/notice)和学生公开信或提议(openletter/proposal),

听力部分有同意和不同意两种情况,那么此题目就分为4大类别,分别为:

1. 阅读材料为通知或布告,听力材料学生讨论的观点为同意

2. 阅读材料为通知或布告,听力材料学生讨论的观点为不同意

3. 阅读材料为学生公开信或提议,听力材料学生讨论的观点为同意

4. 阅读材料为学生公开信或提议,听力材料学生讨论的观点为不同意

影响托福听力理解的因素之——英美音区别

从20XX年3月起,ETS官网就发表声明,在托福的听力和口语考试之中会加入其他地区的朗读者,这些朗读者有可能来自英国、新西兰或者澳大利亚。这一变化,使得不少计划今年参加托福考试的学生感到非常恐惧。以往,托福的听力和口语考试以美音为主,朗读者多来自北美。虽然中国学生从小学习的是标准的伦敦发音,但是普遍学生却对美音更为了解,这也是托了各种美剧以及好莱坞电影的福,所以在加入其它国家发音之前,托福听力和口语至少没有在语音层面上给考生造成太大的困扰。但现

在加入英音、澳音和新西兰音后,不少学生担心口音问题会影响到自己的听力理解甚至大大影响考试成绩。

确实,虽然世界上把英语作为母语的国家非常多,但是各个国家和地区之间英语的发音还是差别非常明显的。这就类似于中国人说普通话也会有很多地方口音,有的时候虽然大家讲的都是普通话,但是也会出现相互不理解的情况,所以口音问题确实会造成听力理解的障碍。接下来*就针对英式发音和美式发音的主要区别来给大家进行一个介绍。

一、r 音节

说到英美音差别,一般学生都会提到卷舌与不卷舌的区别,确实在美音中, 字母组合-er,-or, -ir, -ar, -our 中的r 也要发音,

而英式发音却只在其后紧跟元音的情况下才发音,例如:wrap,rough等。因此卷舌音成为美音的一大特色。例如: teacher, father, first, girl, worker, lord, car, park 等。

二,辅音/ t/ , / k/,/ l/

除了卷舌之外,辅音/ t/的读法也是美音和英音区别很明显的一个音。当/ t / 是重读音节的第一成分或紧跟在辅音后时, 英国英语和美国英语的发音是一致的, 如: atomic, retire, Tom, character, stop等。但是, 当这个音素出现在重读元音和非重读的元音之间时, 美国人的/ t / 又轻又快,听起来像是发得含糊不清

的/ d/,这也是美音t浊化的现象之一,有时就会感觉/ t / 和/ d/ 没有什么差别。例如; writer 和rider, latter 和ladder, whiter和wider。另外再列举一些单词, 其中的/ t / 听起来和/ d/区别不大: motor,operator,poverty,status,beauty,porter,meter,static,city,pretty,butter,flatter,motivate,bottle,article,artificial,better,letter,utter,later,theater,treaty,item,computer,headquarters,scatter.

当/ k/ 是重读音节的第一成分或后面紧邻辅音时, 英国英

语和美国英语的发音是一致的,如: kite, cold, worked, according, scan等。但是, 当这个音素出现在重读元音和非元音之间时, 美国人的/ k/ 又轻又快, 听起来像是/ g/,这是除了/ t/浊化现象外的又一个清辅音浊化现象。例如: worker, record, poker, joker, sucker, echo, America, soccer, ticket ,package等。

舌边音/ l/ 发音在美国英语和英国英语中有很大的差异。在英式发音中, 音素/ l/ 根据它的位置有两个不同的发音。一个是清晰/ l/ , 它出现在元音或者辅音/ j/ 前面, 发音时把舌尖抵上

齿龈, 舌身呈坡形下垂, 在like, believe, silly, leaf, million等词中

的/ l/ 为这种情况。另一个是模糊/ l/ , 它通常出现在辅音前面、词的末尾或自成音节时, 发音时舌尖抵上齿龈, 舌面中凹, 舌后升起, 呈两头高中间低的马鞍形,例如field, ball, table, middle 等

词中的/ l/ 。而在美式发音中, 不管/ l/ 在什么位置, 都发模糊/l/ 。

三、元音a,o,i,u

1. 在大多数情况下,字母a在英音中读[ɑ:],而在美音中转换成[?]。例如dance, chance,rather。但是也有特殊情况,如果元音/a/在字母r之前则任然念做[ɑ:],且要卷舌,例如farm, art.

2. 字母o 在英式发音中常发[?] , 在美式发音中, 一般读作「a] 。例如:gosh, Bottle, cop, fox, god, job, hot, hospital, knock, odd, olive, sock.

3. 字母i在英式发音中读[ai], 而在美式发音中有些念[i]或者[?]。例如:

美英英音

Fragile [fr?d??l] [fr?d?a?l]

Mobile [f?tl] [f??ta?l]

4. 如果字母u 前面的辅音字母是s , 英国音仍读[ju ] , 美国音则读[?]。例如:

美音英音

Consulate [kɑns?l?t] [k?nsj?l?t]

Peninsula [p?n?ns?l?] [p?n?nsj?l?]

四、单词重音

美音使用者喜欢把单词的主重音放在最前面的音节上, 而英音的使用者则习惯于把主重音放在靠后的音节上。

美音英音

‘address( n.) ad‘dress

‘cigarette ciga‘rette

‘research re‘search

‘resource re‘source

‘laboratory la‘boratory

‘vibrate vi‘brate

‘migrate mi‘g rate

‘donate do‘nate

例外:

ki‘lometer ‘kilometer

a‘dult ‘adult

五、美式发音和英式发音中发音迥异的单词

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