虚拟现实在培训方面的应用

（工作）培训中的VR（虚拟现实）应用

By Patrick Kingsland

Lloyd’s Register has developed a Virtual Reality (VR) Safety Simulator to help support training and knowledge transfer in the energy industry and illustrate the need for a continued focus on safety and risk assessment. Patrick Kingsland spoke to LR’s VP of Marketing and Communications, Peter Richards and Global Academy Training Manager, Luis De La Fuente, about how it works.

劳埃德船级社刚刚生产了一款VR安全模拟器来帮助能源工业的人才培训以及知识传送并且来例证在安全和风险评估方面的持续的关注点的需要，Patrick Kingsland对LR的市场与协商部的副总裁Peter Richards，全球学院的培训经理Luis De La Fuente进行了采访，来调查这个机器是怎样进行工作的

Patrick Kingsland: What are the key challenges the offshore industry faces today in terms of safety training?

PK：现在海洋工程在安全性能培训方面存在的主要挑战有哪些呢？

Luis De La Fuente: The oil and gas industry is very cyclical. During downturns you have skilled people leaving and companies can be left with a knowledge gap with only a handful of experienced people. Challenging times often result in less training as training budgets get reduced or are transferred elsewhere. During boom periods you often get a sudden influx of new talent who are often less experienced. And some of the more skilled personnel who were let go during the downturn leave the industry and decide not to come back. This means you lose quite a bit of hands-on knowledge and experience. For us, the whole goal is to work out how to reduce that learning gap, and get a person to a competent, senior level in as short amount of time as possible.

Luis De La Fuente:油气行业发展具有明显的周期性，当产业处于低迷期时，经验丰富的员工离开了，之后公司可能面临着只有几个有经验员工的困境，即出现了知识鸿沟，艰难的时期由于培训经费的下降或挪用将会导致更少的（知识技能）培训。在行业的黄金时期，公司常常会有一批知识丰富但是缺乏经验的员工的涌入，并且那些在行业低迷期弃你而去的部分有经验的员工将会决定离开这个行业并且不再回来。这就意味着你的公司失去了一大批实打实的知识和经验储备。对于我们来说，我们的整体目标是弄明白怎样减小知识鸿沟，并且在尽可能短的时间里培养出有足够能力的能力更上一层的员工。

PK: How could virtual reality help reduce that learning gap in your opinion?

PK:就您来看，VR技术怎样帮助（公司）减小知识鸿沟呢？

LF: Well one good way is to introduce as much theory as possible so that when staff get onto the job sites they are familiar with what they are doing. But you still have a gap there between theory and practice. With VR we can bring some of that hands-on practical experience into the classroom without necessarily having to put guys out there where it’s more dangerous.

LF:嗯，一个好的方法是介绍尽可能多的理论（给员工），这样当职员步入工作岗位，他们会更加熟悉自己在做什么，但是在理论与实践当中仍然存在知识鸿沟，使用VR设备，我们可以把我们的一些实打实的实践性经验带入教室而不用必须让那些新手进入更加危险的地方（去学习）

Peter Richards:It’s about making the training environment more immersive so that you can really start to understand the potential hazards you are going to be exposed to. VR also provokes a reaction from individuals on the implication their actions will have in an offsho re environment. And because it’s interactive people are coming away from our VR experience and actually talking about safety training in a positive way. Bear in mind this is not a subject that generally generates that level of enthusiasm.

Peter Richards:VR设备让培训环境更加庞大，这样你可以真正开始理解你将要面临的潜在危险。VR也能引起人们的反应，让他们产生自己的行为将在一个海上施工环境当中进行。并且因为那些参与过VR培训的人将要远离自己的VR经验（并转化为实际经验），然后真正能肯定地说出安全培训的具体内容。（他们就会）将这项工作并不是逐渐使人产生激情（这一事实）牢记在心。

PK: How has VR technology improved over the past few years and where did you look for inspiration?

PK:VR技术在过去这几年里是怎样发展的？你们是怎样找寻灵感的？

PR:I think we’re now at a stage where VR is at a tipping point. The technology has got a lot better and the cost has come down. It’s more viable to look at it as a realistic mainstream application as opposed to where I think we were four years ago when everybody was talking about virtual reality but it was really just an overgrown 3D video.

During this gestation period we were closely following the technology to see how it was developing. In conjunction with a number of agencies we looked at gaming technology in particular. The hardware we are now using deploys handsets as well as head-sets. This gives us the ability to interact more with the environment as opposed to the initial development of VR which was just a headset.

PR:我认为我们现在处于一个VR技术高速发展的阶段，这项技术已经变得更好而且它的成本也在下降。相较于四年前当所有人在讨论的虚拟现实技术仅仅是一个过头的3D电影技术的时候，我对我们未来出路的设想而言，现在将（VR技术）视作当下的主流期许是更具有可行性的。在构想时期当中，我们一直紧紧跟进这项技术的进展来观察它是怎样发展的，在与许多机构的协力下我们尤其关注游戏技术。现在我们使用的硬件设备主要施用于手柄以及头部设备。相对于最初的VR技术发展只有耳机来说，这些提供给我们了更好地与环境实现交互体验的能力

PK: What kind of offshore scenarios could VR training be used for?

PK：VR培训能用于哪些海洋工程的场景呢？

PR: When developing the scenarios, we wanted to illustrate to individuals that a wrong decision could result in fatality. Obviously we didn’t want to glorify the actual

incidents taken from real-life scenarios so we used interactive crash test dummies to visually identify with the different settings.

One of the main scenarios we have is a lifting situation. There is a motor, which is lifted onto a crane and a lifting bolt which is calibrate d to the wrong weight. You are able to look at all the variables before the actual lift takes place. Then the scenario happens. The crash test dummy is on a platform, the motor is lifted, the dummy stands underneath the motor and the bolt shears from the motor and then lands on the dummy.

PR:当开发这些场景的时候，我们想告知员工们一个错误的决定可以导致严重的事故，显然，我们并不想美化从现实生活中的意外中选取的场景，所以我们采用了搭载交互传感式设备的撞击实验用假人来从视觉上区分不同的设定。

我们制作的主要场景中的一个是一个起重环境，有一个正在被抬吊到起重机上的发动机，其上有一个被校准到了错误重量的环首螺栓;，你能够观察到所有的变量在真正的起重作业开始之前，之后这一场景就发生了，撞击实验用假人在平台上，发动机被抬起，家人站在起重机的正下方，之后螺栓从发动机上脱落，然后掉在了假人上

The beauty of using VR is that you can then rewind time and find out what went wrong. You are given three new options to choose from: stop the person from standing underneath the motor, recalibrate the bolt correctly, or have more supervisors on the platform to identify a potential problem.

From this we can satisfactorily gauge how many people got the right answer over the course of a day, which gives us a better understanding of the level of awareness around safety challenges in the industry.

使用VR技术的美妙之处在于你可以倒回时间然后找到哪里出错了，你会被（系统）给予3个新的选项来选择，阻止人员站在发动机下面，重新校正确准螺栓，或者在平台上采取更多的监督设施来辨明可能潜在的问题

从这当中我们可以满意地评估出有多少人在经过了一天的课程的学习后得出了正确答案，这可以给我们一个更好的（员工）对于产业安全风险的认识程度的了解

PK: And from t he trials you’ve conducted so far at trade shows, how would you assess that level of awareness?

PK:那么从迄今为止你已经进行的培训的试验结果来看，你怎样评价（员工）意识的等级呢？

PR: We actually had one client where we took 32 of their senior executives through the training and the only individual to get all the answers right in the training was the HSE director. I think this shows that companies need to be fully aware of the environment they are sending people into. Using this technology in conjunction with a classroom environment will help them do this.

PR:事我们实上已经对一个委托公司送来的32名高级管理人员进行了培训，（他们）当中唯一在训练中答对所有的题目的人是HSE项目【健康（Health）、安全（Safety）和环境(Environment）三位一体的管理体系】的经理.我认为这说明了公司应该充分认识到他们给予员工的环境的重要性，将这项技术与教室的教学环境结合将帮助我们完成这一事情

PK: What can we expect from the future in terms of VR applications in the oil and gas industry?

PK:根据VR在油气资源产业上的应用，你觉得这一产业将在未来有怎样的发展呢？

LF: One of the things we are looking at is moving from an individual type of experience to a team or a group based experienced. When you are out there in the field, a lot of the time you are working as part of a team and that needs to be reflected in the classroom environment. At the moment we are looking at incorporat ing augmented reality so that not everybody needs a headset. You can use a phone or an iPad and still enjoy the training.

LF:我们现在正在准备的一个方面是将个人类型的经验转换为小组或者是团队的基本经验。当你在平台上工作的时候，许多时候你是作为小组的一份子在进行工作，这样的情况需要反映在教室环境下的VR培训当中。现在我们打算将培训与AR（增强现实）技术进行结合这样并不是所有人都需要头部设备。你可以用耳机甚至一个iPad就可以体验这一培训。