全费用综合单价计价

全费用综合单价计价

大趋势:全费用综合单价计价模式

全费用综合单价，即单价中综合了分项工程人工费、材料费、机械费，管理费、利润、规费以及有关文件规定的调价、税金、一定范围内的风险等全部费用。以各分项工程量乘以全费用单价计算出相应合价，合价汇总后，再加上措施项目的完全价格，就生成了单位工程造价。

全费用综合单价,?(人工费+材料费+机械费+措施费+管理费+利润+税金+规费) 全费用综合单价总造价=?(工程量1*全费用单价1+工程量2*全费用单价

2+……工程量n*全费用单价n)

全费用综合单价费用表不再是传统定额意义上的费用表或费率表，它只有工程量与全费用综合单价的乘积之和。除了材料价差风险费可约定调整外，不能再计算其他任何费用。

国外清单报价一般都是全费用综合单位，不同另列措施费税金等费用。全费用清单才是符合完全市场经济原则的。中国的综合单价其实是一种狭义的综合单价，它包括实体工程费和非实体工程费。

实体工程费=分部分项清单单价(清单综合单价)*实体工程量;

(清单综合单价:包括实体工程的人工、材料、机械、综合管理、风险费、利润、税金等。)

非实体工程费=措施费+其它工程费+规费+税金;

总造价=实体工程费+非实体工程费。

国标清单规费和税金等并不包括在单价中，综合单价只包括人材机直接费加管理费、利润和措施费，同时又有实体工程与非实体工程费用之分，并规定规费和税金等费用是不可竞争的，这明显是烙上计划经济的痕迹，不是未来发展的趋势，只

能是新旧造价管理过渡时期的权宜之计，全费用综单价将是大趋势。也有人认为在我国目前建筑市场过度竞争的情况下，保证规费和税金的不可竞争的做法是必要的。过度竞争和恶性竞争并不是成熟市场经济，充其量是市场经济的初级阶段。这种全费用模式的优点很多，中国清单计价规范为什么不采用之,为什么不一步到位与国际接轨,而用现在这种不伦不类的综合单价，使用下来还不如定额模式，简直是倒退～

coefficient not greater than 1.3; High efficiency: control 1 hour travel time between any two points within the various groups within the area up to half an hour, 1-hour access to the airport, 45min reached the city's main traffic hub, external highway for half an hour with the main channels connecting bus 1.5 hours between any two groups of core areas; Intensive: 2030 transit share rate of around 35%, 2050 bus sharing rate of 45% per cent. 3rd chapter, Yibin city, traffic situation and

General ... 3.1.1 city traffic status 1, external transport passenger and cargo traffic in Yibin city, traffic at the present main railway, highway, waterway and air four modes of passenger and freight transport, thereand cultural heritage, highlighting the cultural taste and shape characteristics of the city in Yibin. According to forecasts, vision 2050 population will reach 2.1 million people in the center of Yibin city, urban land is around 210km2. Figure 2.6-1 2050 figure 2.7 land use planning in the Center City, Yibin city development requires the development of bus rapid transit construction and socio-economic development trends, Yibin city coordination, supporting urban space layout and infrastructure networks, transport organized, internal and

external traffic hub smoothly linking, realizing sustainable development of Yibin city integrated transportation system. Concrete can be summarized as, accessible, efficient, intensive and sustainable. Accessibility: Central built-up area road network density of about

7.0km/km2; bus line density of 3-4 km/km2, bus transfer

全费用综合单价不仅适合于小工程，大型工程同样适合，而且比国标清单的综合单价更有操作性和易用性。

国标规定的措施项目不仅种类繁多而复杂难计，仅措施费就包含许多内容 1、措施费:环境保护、安全文明、临时设施、二次搬运、夜间施工增加费、大型机械设备进退场及按拆、混凝土钢筋混凝土及支架、脚手架、垂直运输机械费、已完工程及设备保护费、施工降水排水费、室内空气污染测试、检验试验费、赶工措施费及特殊条件下施工增加费等)等。2、其它工程费:A、建设单位:甲供设备材料费、分包工程费、暂列工程;B、施工单位:第三方检测费、深化设计费、总分包配合服务费(协调、配合)、甲供设备材料保管费。3、规费:包括定额测定费(现已取消)、安全生产监督费、建筑管理费、劳动保险费等等，不一而足，这完全是对传统政府定额的一种继承、沿袭和仿制，并没有脱离定额的框架，是定额的一种思维惯性，在实际操作中难度更大了，工作量更多了。更让人匪夷所思的是投标报价者必须提供综合单价分析表，这完全是多此一举，国外清单报价只填工程量和综合单价(指全费用综合单价)，并不要求提供综合单价分析，因为这不是必须的，其构成或许是商业秘密，不可轻易示人。理性的有经验建筑承包商对报价的构成真实成本是一清二楚，当然为了中标也会采取低于成本价报价或为了获得更多的利益采取不平衡报价，这在国际上都是被允许的，唯一不允许的就是不能违约，否则付出沉重代价，承包商中标后必须提供合格的建筑产品，即使是亏损也不能违约，这是现代文

明社会的基本商业伦理和契约精神，不能以亏损为由而停止施工或偷工减料或向业主提出索赔，这些都是属于没有商业道德、诚信原则和商业底线的表现。

全费用综合单价有一前提就是必须把项目特征和其所包含的内容描述清楚并尽可能详细，不留任何歧义后患以免引起不必要的争端，如预应力钢筋全费用综合单价是否包含锚具和波纹管等，如果不包含则另外报价，如果包含就不另外报价。笔者曾看到一全费用单价投标书和承包合同，简则简矣，但可以说是漏洞百出，一是项目特征根本就没描述或语焉不详或相互矛盾，如钢筋只有一个综合单价，不分规格，当然，这也未尝不可，问题是你必须把钢筋接头形式要描述清楚，是采用绑扎还是机械连接或者是焊接接头，这都应该描述清楚，综合单价是否包含接头费用，如果不包含，则应该对钢筋接头进行报价。更让人费解的是混凝土不分强度等级，不分构件类型，只有一个综合单价，则未免太粗了太简了，垫层混凝土和柱混凝土的综合单价怎么能合在一起呢，它们的费用肯定是有很大差异的，或许施工单价说我愿意这样，当然，可以有更简的方法，就是直接报个总价岂不更省事,但情况恐怕没有那么简单，如设计变更后工程量增减，如何确定综合单价,没有任何参照系～

现在国内的计价软件只适用于国标清单计价和定额计价，没能实现对全费用综合单价模式的计算，计价软件还不能生成全费用清单报表，我们只能变通处理，一coefficient not greater than 1.3; High efficiency: control 1 hour travel time between any two points within the various groups within the area up to half an hour, 1-hour access to the airport, 45min reached the city's main traffic hub, external highway for half an hour with the main channels connecting bus 1.5 hours between any two groups of core areas; Intensive: 2030 transit share rate of around 35%, 2050 bus sharing rate of 45% per cent. 3rd chapter, Yibin city, traffic situation and

General ... 3.1.1 city traffic status 1, external transport passenger and cargo traffic in Yibin city, traffic at the present main railway, highway, waterway and air four modes of passenger and freight transport, thereand cultural heritage, highlighting the cultural taste and shape characteristics of the city in Yibin. According to forecasts, vision 2050 population will reach 2.1 million people in the center of Yibin city, urban land is around 210km2. Figure 2.6-1 2050 figure 2.7 land use planning in the Center City, Yibin city development requires the development of bus rapid transit construction and socio-economic development trends, Yibin city coordination, supporting urban space layout and infrastructure networks, transport organized, internal and external traffic hub smoothly linking, realizing sustainable development of Yibin city integrated transportation system. Concrete can be summarized as, accessible, efficient, intensive and sustainable. Accessibility: Central built-up area road network density of about

7.0km/km2; bus line density of 3-4 km/km2, bus transfer

个项目子目做一文件，清单工程量只输入1，定额工程量按构成比例和计算规

则输入相关的工程，计算后得出的总造价就是全费用综合单价，软件如能处理全费用综合单价，用户就不必对每一清单子目建一专用文件了。

全费用综合单价报价很简单，先计算出人材机消耗量，然后各自乘上人材机单价得出直接费，管理费、利润、税金、措施费、规费等只需把直接费乘以相应的费率即可得出全费用综合单价。

全费用固定单价模式的优势是显而易见的，减少计价的难度和争议，但对承包方来说，要获得报价竞争优势和创造更多利润还需有企业定额相配套，要对每一项

目的真实成本了如指掌，心中有数，要有对造价进行娴熟精确测算的能力。对于发包方可能更省事，不必再支出一些额外的似是而非的费用。对于造价中介机构可以说极大地减少计价工作量，可以全身心投入到更有意义更有价值的工作中。

已经有些项目采用全费用模式了，关键是取决于业主的理念和取向。政府投资的项目是不可能采用这种模式，它太依赖于政府定额及相关文件了，这反而成为造价管理进步的最大障碍。

coefficient not greater than 1.3; High efficiency: control 1 hour travel time between any two points within the various groups within the area up to half an hour, 1-hour access to the airport, 45min reached the city's main traffic hub, external highway for half an hour with the main channels connecting bus 1.5 hours between any two groups of core areas; Intensive: 2030 transit share rate of around 35%, 2050 bus sharing rate of 45% per cent. 3rd chapter, Yibin city, traffic situation and

General ... 3.1.1 city traffic status 1, external transport passenger and cargo traffic in Yibin city, traffic at the present main railway, highway, waterway and air four modes of passenger and freight transport, thereand cultural heritage, highlighting the cultural taste and shape characteristics of the city in Yibin. According to forecasts, vision 2050 population will reach 2.1 million people in the center of Yibin city, urban land is around 210km2. Figure 2.6-1 2050 figure 2.7 land use planning in the Center City, Yibin city development requires the development of bus rapid transit construction and socio-economic development trends, Yibin city coordination, supporting urban space layout and infrastructure networks, transport organized, internal and

external traffic hub smoothly linking, realizing sustainable development of Yibin city integrated transportation system. Concrete can be summarized as, accessible, efficient, intensive and sustainable. Accessibility: Central built-up area road network density of about

7.0km/km2; bus line density of 3-4 km/km2, bus transfer