(完整版)初中中考英语知识点考点总结(全)

(完整版)初中中考英语知识点考点总结(全)
(完整版)初中中考英语知识点考点总结(全)

初中中考英语知识点考点总结

一. 修饰比较级时常见的错误

1. more不可修饰比较级,但much可以用来加强比较级,意为" ....... 的多,更 ... " He looks more younger than I. ( ) x

He looks much younger than I. (V)

2. 比较的对象或范围出现错误。

1) The weather of Beijing is colder than Shanghai. ( ) x

(比较的对象应该是上海的天气,而不是上海)

The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Shanghai. (V)

2) China is larger than any country in Asia.( )(出现了濯辑上的错误:中国就

是亚洲国家,应当排除在外。)

China is larger than any country in Africa. (/)中国比非洲的任何国家都大。China is larger than any other country in Asia. (v7)中国比亚洲的任何(其他的)

国家都大。

特别提示

Than后面接代词时,一般要用主格,但在口语中也可使用宾格。如果than后是一个句子,则不可使用宾格。

He works harder than me.

He works harder than I do.

二. 形容词的比较级用于两者比较,表示"比…更???":

"A+ 系动词+ 形容词比较级+than+ B , e.g. I am two years older than my little sister.

"A+ 谓语动词+ 副词比较级+than+ B : e.g. She gets to school earlier than the other students.

"比较级+and+比较级",这种结构表示事物本身程度的逐渐增长,意为 "越来越…"。eg. In spring the days are getting longer and longer.

"the+比较级???the+比较级",表示一方的程度随着另一方的程度的增长而增长,表示"越一,越…"。

eg. The mort you practice using English , the better you'll learn it 你英语练得越多,就会学得越好。

"A十动词十the+比较级+of短语(比较范围)",这种结构表示"两者中更…… 的那一个"。当比较双方只出现一方(没有than及其后面的部分),且句中含有of the two ........................... 时,比较级前要加the.

eg. Penny is the taller of the two girls.

The larger of the two houses belongs to Mr. Black.

表示两者程度不同的其他方式

可用more than(多于),not more than(不多于),less than(少于),not less than(不少于),less+ 形容词+ than(不如)等。

We haven't got more than one hour left right now.

It is less cold today than it was yesterday.

"not+比较级+than"与"no+比较级+than"这两个结构表达的意思完全不同:前者往往表

示"一方不比另一方……",后者往往表示"前者和后者一样都不???";

修饰说明数量时,前者表示”最多,不比多”,后者表示”仅仅”,带有感情色彩。

I am not taller than you. 我不比你高。

I am no taller than you. 我和你一样高。

My French is not better than yours.

My French is no better than yours.

She is not more than seven years old.

She is no more than seven years old.

三. 形容词的最高级

最高级是表示在三者或更多者中程度最高的比较方式

the+形容词最高级+名词+表示范围的短语或从句

Jack is the tallest student in his class.

He is the fastest runner of the three boys.

This is the most boring book I've ever read.

one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数+表示范围的短语或从句

China is one of the largest countries in the world.

用法比较:介词in和of引导的短语说明比较的范围

如果在一定的地域空间内进行比较用in;如果在同一类事物范围内进行比较用

of.

China is the largest country in Asia.

China is the largest one of all the Asian countries.

运用比较级表达最高级的概念:"比较级+than any other+名词单数”,”比较级

+than the other+ 名词复数"或"比较级+than the rest of +the+ 名词复数"

Julia is taller than any other girl in her class.

=Julia is taller than the other girls in her class. = Julia is taller than the

rest of the girls in her class.

四. 表示移动方向的介词

(1)to表示向,往到”。

如:

He will drive to Nanjing. 他将开车去南京。

⑵from表示白,从,来白”。

如:

Where are you from 你是哪儿人

I am from Jiangsu Province. 我是江苏人。

(3) up 表示向... 上,往上”。

如:

Mr. Smith used a lift to go up and down. 史密斯先生乘电梯上下。

(4) down表示向... 下,沿着..... 往下”。

如:

Go down the street then you' find the shop.沿着这条街走,你就会发现那个

商店。

(5) round表示环绕,围绕”

如:

The students are running round the playground. 学生Cl正绕着操场跑步。

(6) across表示横过,穿过,跨过”。

如:

A boy walked across the park just now. 一个男孩刚才穿过公园。

(7)through表示通过,穿过(空间)”。

如:

The river ran through the city. 那条河从城中流过。

(8) .................................. o ver表示越过,从上边过去”。

如:

There is a bridge over the river. 河上有座桥。

五. 相似介词组辨析

1)貌似相同的in front of 与in the front of

in front of在... 的前面”,指从外部看来一物在另一物的前面。如:

There ' a big tree in front of the building.

in the front of在.... 的前面”,指从内部看来一物在另一物的前部。

如:

The driver sits in the front of the car.

2)貌似相同的in time与on time

in time意思是及时”,指在时间上有提前、刚好的意思,表示正赶上时候或恰在需要的时候,作表语时常与for sth.或to do sth.连用。如:

We rejust in time to catch the bus.

on time意思是按时、准时”,通常指有时间限制,以规定的时间为界,在规定时间内即为按时。

如: We should get to school on time.

The train arrived on time.

3)貌似相同的beside与besides

beside表示位置,意思是在...... 的旁边”,与by, at同意。如:

There is a big tree beside the house.

besides意思是除了..... 以外,还.... 与except, but同义。如: The girl is studying Japanese besides English.

六. but :但是,可是,而

He is old , but he looks very young.

他老了,但他看起来很年轻。

Li Li likes violin but doesn't like piano.

李莉喜欢小提琴,(但是)不喜欢钢琴。

(but后面省略了主语Li Li,因为与前面的主语成分相同)

Mary likes violin , but Tom doesn't.

玛丽喜欢小提琴,而汤姆不喜欢。

(doesn't后面省略了like violin ,因为与前面的成分相同)

He isn't a teacher but a doctor.

他不是(一个)老师,而是医生。

They came here not for money but for the life.

他们到这儿来,不是要钱,而是要命。

注意:

but所连接的句子,句中如果某些成分与前面相同,则可以省略。

七. or :或,或者,否则

Is Li Ming from Beijing or from Shanghai.

李明是北京人还是上海人呢?

1. 基本用法or表示;或”的意思,使用于两者之中选择一个的时候。

Would you like coffee or tea ?

你喜欢咖啡还是茶?

Tom or I am right.我或者汤姆是对的。

Li Ming or his classmates are cleaning the room.

李明或者是他的同班同学在打扫房间。

注意:

“Aor B”作主语时,谓语动词随or后面的词(B)而定,因此例子中的谓语动词服从I,用am。

2. 特别用法

句型:祈使句,or ?=If you don't…,you'll…

同and 一样,or在祈使句中的用法,译成请…,否则???”,有转折的意思。Hurry up , or you'll miss the bus.

快点吧,否则你就会误了公共汽车。

=If you don't hurry up , you'll miss the bus.

如果你不快点,你就会误了这班车。

Study hard , or you'll fail in the exam.

好好学吧,否则你考试就会不及格。

=If you don't study hard , you'll fail in the exam.

如果你不努力学习,你考试就会不及格。

注意:

or疑问句的读法or前面的部分用升调,后面的部分用降调。

八. 副词和动词如果主要动词前有两个助动词,修饰整个句子的副词(特别是频度及肯定副词)

要放在两个助动词之间,而修饰主要动词的副词(特别是方式副词)应放在这

个动词的前面:

a)Tigers have often been discovered in this area .

You can never have seen such a beautiful place .

He will probably be made President of the Company .

He has surely been punished for his offence .

He may , unfortunately , be killed by robbers .

b)This decision will be publicly announced .

I would have carefully done it , if it had been useful .

He must have seriously considered this matter .

要使副词(短语)尽可能靠近它修饰的动词:

We went to deserted village almost ten miles away from the capital

yesterday . (不好)

We went yesterday to …capital. (较好)

Yesterday a guest who had come from a distant country called on me .(不好)

A guest …me yesterday .(较好)

Immediately , he told me to leave his house . (不好)

He told me to leave his house immediately . (较好)

九. 冠词应用考点

在有些词组中,有冠词和无冠词意思不同,请注意区别:

1. 有些个体名词“schooj college , prison , hospital , bed”等词与动词或介词连用时,有无冠词表示不同含义

例:go to hospital去医院看病

go to the hospital去医院(并不是去看病,而是有其他目的)

in hospital (生病)住院

in the hospital 在医院里

at table 进餐

at the table 在桌子旁

by sea乘船

by the sea 在海边

in front of 在??前面

in the front of 在…范围内的前部

2. 两个形容词都有冠词,表示两个不同东西。

例:He raises a black and a white cat. 他养了一只黑猫和一只白猫。

3. 如后一个形容词无冠词,则指一物。

例:He raises a black and white cat. 他养了一只花猫。

a teacher and writer 一位教师兼作家(一个人)

a teacher and a writer 一位教师和一位作家(两个人)

十.辨析基数词序数词运用

对数词的考查不在单纯地停留在基数词或序数词的构成与用法上了,更多地将基数词与

序数词同时用于一道题中,考查我们如何正确地判定句子中什么地方用基数词,什么地方用序数词。这就要求我们熟练地掌握对基数词与序数词的构成与用法。下面就2019年的考题来说明怎样做好这类考题。

【典型考例1】

(2019 四川凉山州)There are people in Dale' family. They live on the floor.

A. five; nine

B. fifth; nine

C. five; ninth

D. fifth; ninth

【析】正确答案:Co

句意:在戴尔家里有5 口人,他们一家居住在九楼。第一句指的是名词的数量,故用基数词;而第二句居住在九楼”,表示的是楼层的顺序,故用序数词。所以,本题的正确答案为C。

【典型考例2】

(2019 湖北鄂州)Our country is nearlyyears old. We'll celebrate itsbirthday

on October 1,2019 around the country.

A. seventy, seventy

B. seventy, seventieth

C. seventieth, seventy

D. seventieth, seventieth

【析】正确答案:B。

句意:我们的国家快70周岁了。我们将在2019年10月1日在全国庆祝她的

生日。第一句表示数量,在结合被修饰的名词为复数形式years可知,故70使用基数词seventy。第二句因为被修饰的名词birthday为单数形式,因此这里的70表示顺序,故用序数词seventieth。所以,本题的正确答案为B.

十一.There be 句型的用法

1)基本结构:

肯定句式:be +done (及物动词的过去分词)

如果是不及物动词+相应的介词或副词

否定句式: be +not +done

疑问句式:be动词(情态动词)放句首

被动语态中的be为助动词,无意义。be可能是am , is , are也可能是was ,were 或原形be。

注:被动语态的时态是由be的时态决定的,be是什么时态,全句就是什么时态,be 后面的过去分词不变。

eg:

1. The song is liked by young people.(肯定句)

2. The song isn ' liked by young people. (否定句)

3. Is the song liked by young people? (一般疑问句)

4. Who is the song liked by? = By whom is the song liked? (特殊疑问句)

十二.各种时态的构成(动词以do为例):

一般现在时

动词的被动形式:am/is /are done

例句:He is asked to do this.

一般过去时

动词的被动形式:was/were done

例句:The story was told by her mother.

一般将来时

动词的被动形式:will /shall be done

Is/are going to

例句:The problem will be discussed tomorrow. 过去将来时

动词的被动形式:should/would be done

Was/were are going to

例句: He said the trees would be planted soon. 现在进行时

动词的被动形式: am/is/are being done

例句:The novel is being written.

过去进行时

动词的被动形式: was/were being done

例句: At that time the desk was being made.

现在完成时

动词的被动形式:has/have been done

例句:The house has been built.

过去完成时

动词的被动形式:had been done

例句:They said that their work had been finished.

含有情态动词的被动语态:情态动词+be+ done Your homework must be handed in today.

其它几种特殊句型:

It is said that

It is well known that

It is reported that ........

例:

History is made by the people.(一般现在时)

The cars were made in Tianjin in 1995.(一般过去时)

The tree will be cut down next year.(一般将来时)

The room must be kept clean.(含有情态动词的被动语态)

The door is being opened. (现在进行时)

The film has been seen by me. (现在完成时)

注:不同时态的被动语态的差异主要体现在助动词be的变化上,同时助动词be 还要在人称和数上与主语保持一致。

2)应用情况

行为的执行者不明确或不必说出来。

eg: A stranger was killed last night.

用于强调动作的承受者而不是执行者。

eg: The story is told everywhere in the city.

3)被动语态的用法

1. 一般现在时的被动语态构成:is/ am / are +及物动词的过去分词

Our classroom is cleaned everyday.

2. 一般过去时的被动语态构成:was / were +及物动词的过去分词

A new shop was built last year.

3. 现在完成时的被动语态构成:has / have + been + 及物动词的过去分词

This book has been translated into many languages.

4. 一般将来时的被动语态构成:will+ be +及物动词的过去分词

Many more trees will be planted next year.

5. 含有情态动词的被动语态构成:情态动词+ be +及物动词的过去分词

Young trees must be watered often.

6. 现在进行时的被动语态构成:am / is / are + being + 及物动词的过去分词

Uncle Wang is mending my bike now.,My bike is being repaired by Tomnow.

7. 不定式的被动语态:to + be +及物动词的过去分词

There are two books to be read. ,There are twenty more trees tobe planted. 十三.状语从句

时间状语从句最常考的是until,常常和非延续性动词组合。

其次是结合进行时考察when/while/as,再次是结合主将从现考察as soon

as/whenever.

原因状语从句,主要考察since作为既然的意思。

目的状语从句,考察较少。

结果状语从句常常考察so...that与such...that的辨析,so+many/few/much/little+名词结构用用的是so而不是such是一个重要考点。

条件状语从句最常考的是unless,相当于if ???not意为除非,如果不”。其次结合主将从现考察if的用法

让步状语从句,主要考察句子的让步关系

引导让步状语从句的连词主要有以下这些:though, although,while, as; even if, even though; whether...or...; no matter+ 疑I、可词,疑『可词-ever,——般翻译为尽管……”或即使……”,无论……”。

用法如下:

1> though, although表示虽然,纵然”之意。这两个连词意思大致相同,在一般情况下可以互换使用。在口语中,though较常使用,although比though正式,二者都可与yet, still或never, the less连用,但不能与but连用。

例如:

Although/Though he is very old, (yet) he is quite strong. 他虽然年仑己大了,身体还很健壮。

值得注意的是,although引导的让步状语从句位于主句之前的情况较多,though 引导的让步状语从句可位于主句之前或主句之后。

2、as, though表示虽然..... 但是”,纵使.... ”之意。as引导的让步状语从句

必须以部分倒装的形式出现,被倒装的部分可以是表语、状语或动词原形,though也可用于这样的结构中,但although不可以这样用。

例如:

Hard as/ though he works, he makes little progress. (=Though he works hard, he makes little progress.)尽管他学习很努力,但几乎没取得什么进步。

3、even if, even though 表示即使...... ”,纵使... ”之意,含有一种假设。这两个复合连词的意思基本相同。它们常互换使用,但意义有细微差别。

even if引导的让步从句含有强烈的假定性,可用来表示与事实相反的假设,但不能用来描述已经发生的事实。

而even though引导让步状语从句时,是以从句的内容为先决条件的,即说话人肯定了从句的事实,表示已经发生了的事。

例如:

We ll make a trip even if/though the weather is bad. 即使天气不好,我们也要

作一次旅行。

4、whether...or...表示不论是否.... ”,不管是.... 还是.... ”之意。由这一个

复合连词引导的让步状语从句旨在说明正反两方面的可能性都不会影响主句的意向或结果。

例如:

You'll have to attend the ceremony whether you're free or busy. 不管你忙不忙,都要参加这个典礼。

5、“nonatter+疑问词”或疑问词-ever'的含义为“…?都....... ;不管 .. 都.... ”它们引导的让步状语从句可以互换。

例如:

No matter what happened, he would not mind. (=Whatever happened, he

would not mind.)无论发生了什么,他都不会介意的。

但“nonatter+疑问词”结构只能引导让步状语从句,而疑问词-ever '还可以引导名词

性从句。

例如:

Whatever (=No matter what) you say, I won' believe you. (Whatever 弓I导让步状语从句)无论你说什么,我都不会相信你。

I'll eat whatever (丰 nonatter what) you give me. (whatever 弓I 导宾语从句)你给我吃什么,我就吃什么。

十四.基本句型结构

简单句:

只存在一个主谓关系的句子,即一个主语部分和一个谓语部分组成并列句:

当我们需要把几个意思连在一起时,可用标点符号或等立连词或连接副词把几个简单句连接成一个并列句。它们之间的关系是同等的。

复合句:

当一个句子由一个主句和一个从句构成时,这就是复合句。复合句的主语往往

可以独立存在,从句则只作一个句子成分。

句型结构举例

S+V

1) The student works very hard.

2) She apologized to me again.

3) The accident happened yesterday evening.

SVP

4) This is an English-Chinese dictionary.

5) The dinner smells good.

6) He fell in love.

7) Everything looks different.

8) He is growing tall and strong.

9) The trouble is that they are short of money.

10) Our well has gone dry.

11) His face turned red.

SVO

12) Who knows the answer

13) She smiled her thanks.

14) He has refused to help them.

15) He enjoys reading.

16) They ate what was left over.

17) He said "Good morning."

18) I want to have a cup of tea.

19) He admits that he was mistaken.

SVOO

1) She ordered herself a dress.

2) She cooked her husband a delicious meal.

3) He brought you a dictionary.

4) He denies her nothing.

5) I showed him my pictures.

6) I gave my car a wash.

7) I told him that the bus was late.

8) He showed me how to run the machine.

SVOC

1) They appointed him manager.

2) They painted the door green.

3) This set them thinking.

4) They found the house deserted.

5) What makes him think so

6) We saw him out.

7) He asked me to come back soon.

8) I saw them getting on the bus.

十五.写作技巧

1、审

审清题意,构建框架,明确体裁,掌握格式

文字信息;图画信息;题材、人称、时态、要点

2、抓

抓住要点,一一对应。

列关键词,以词及点:用一两个单词或短语写出每个点的细节要点。

3、连

连词成句,变换句式

联词成句:用联词成句的方法将上述要点的词语扩展成句子。

4、集

集句成段,添连接词

主语和谓语

初中英语知识点总结重点要看的

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第4讲:副词 第5讲:动词 第6讲:不定式 第7讲介词 第8讲:连词 第9讲:时态一 第10讲:时态(二) 第11讲:动词语态 第12讲:句子种类(一) 第13讲:句子的种类(二) 讲:宾语从句14第 第15讲:状语从句There be句型与中考试题第17讲ABC 被动语态复习第18讲 【初中英语词组总结】1 (see 、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen to 、look at (感官动词)+do eg:I like watching monkeys jump 2 (比较级and 比较级)表示越来越怎么样 3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟(容易)

4 agree with sb 赞成某人 5 all kinds of 各种各样 a kind of 一样 6 all over the world = the whole world 整个世界 7 along with同……一道,伴随……eg : I will go along with you我将和你一起去 the students planted trees along with their teachers 学生同老师们一起种树 8 As soon as 一怎么样就怎么样 9 as you can see 你是知道的 10 ask for ……求助向…要…(直接接想要的东西) 11 ask sb for sth 向某人什么 12 ask sb to do sth 询问某人某事ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事 13 at the age of 在……岁时 14 at the beginning of …………的起初;……的开始 15 at the end of +地点/+时间最后;尽头;末尾 16 at this time of year 在每年的这个时候 17 be /feel confident of sth /that clause +从句感觉/对什么有信心,自信 18 be + doing 表:1 现在进行时2 将来时 19 be able to (+ v 原) = can (+ v 原)能够…… 21 be afraid to do (of sth 恐惧,害怕……

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马上就要中考了,祝大家中考都考上一个理想的高中!欢迎同学们下载,希望能帮助到你们! 2020最新中考英语知识点总结 一、必背知识点总结: 1 (see 、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen to 、look at (感官动词)+do eg:I like watching monkeys jump 2 (比较级and 比较级)表示越来越怎么样 3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟(容易) 4 agree with sb 赞成某人 5 all kinds of 各种各样 a kind of 一样 6 all over the world = the whole world 整个世界 7 along with同……一道,伴随…… eg : I will go along with you我将和你一起去 the students planted trees along with their teachers 学生同老师们一起种树 8 As soon as 一怎么样就怎么样 9 as you can see 你是知道的 10 ask for ……求助向…要…(直接接想要的东西) 11 ask sb for sth 向某人什么

12 ask sb to do sth 询问某人某事ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事 13 at the age of 在……岁时 14 at the beginning of …………的起初;……的开始 15 at the end of +地点/+时间最后;尽头;末尾 16 at this time of year 在每年的这个时候 17 be /feel confident of sth /that clause +从句感觉/对什么有信心,自信 18 be + doing 表:1 现在进行时2 将来时 19 be able to (+ v 原) = can (+ v 原)能够…… 21 be afraid to do (of sth 恐惧,害怕…… 22 be allowed to do 被允许做什么 23 be angry with sb 生某人的气 24 be angry with(at) sb for doing sth 为什么而生某人的气 25 be as…原级…as 和什么一样eg : She is as tall as me 她和我一样高 26 be ashamed to 27 be away from 远离 28 be away from 从……离开 29 be bad for 对什么有害

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(2)在时间状语从句里,通常不用将来时态,用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。例如: Ill ring you up as soon as I get to New York. I will tell him everything when he comes back. He wont believe it until he sees it with his own eyes. (3)在带有till或until引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句里,如果主句用肯定式,其含义是"一直到......时",谓语动词只能用延续性动词。如果主句用否定式,其含义是"直到......才......", "在......以前不......", 谓语动词可用瞬间动词。例如: The young man read till the light went out. Lets wait until the rain stops. We wont start until Bob comes. Dont get off until the bus stops. 2. 条件状语从句 (1)条件状语从句通常由if, unless引导。例如: What shall we do if it snows tomorrow? Dont leave the building unless I tell you to. (2)在条件状语从句里,谓语动词通常用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。例如: Ill help you with your English if am free tomorrow. He wont be late unless he is ill. (3)"祈使句 + and (or)+ 陈述句" 在意思上相当于一个带有条件状语

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初中英语中考考点大汇总 1 (see 、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen to 、look at (感官动词)+ do eg :I like watching monkeys jump 2 (比较级and 比较级)表示越来越怎么样 3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟(容易)补:a place of interest 名胜 4 agree with sb 赞成某人 5 all kinds of 各种各样a kind of 一样 6 all over the world = the whole world 整个世界 7 along with 同……一道,伴随…… eg : I will go along with you 我将和你一起去 the students planted trees along with their teachers 学生同老师们一起种树 8 As soon as 一怎么样就怎么样 9 as you can see 你是知道的 10 ask for ……求助向…要…(直接接想要的东西)eg : ask you for my book 11 ask sb for sth 向某人什么 12 ask sb to do sth 询问某人某事ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事 13 at the age of 在……岁时eg:I am sixteen I am at the age of sixteen 14 at the beginning of …………的起初;……的开始 15 at the end of +地点/+时间最后;尽头;末尾eg : At the end of the day 16 at this time of year 在每年的这个时候补:at least 至少 17 be /feel confident of sth /that clause +从句感觉/对什么有信心,自信 eg : I am / feel confident of my spoken English I feel that I can pass the test

初中英语知识点总结归纳

初中英语知识点总结归纳 初中英语必备知识点总结归纳 介词 一些容易混淆的介词 1.表示时间的at、on、in的用法区别at主要表示: (1)在某具体时刻之前,如atseveno’clock,at7:30。 (2)在固定短语中,如:atnoon,atnight,atthattime,attheageofattheweekend,atChristmas。 On用来表示“在……天”,如:OnMonday,OnMaylst,OnChildren’sDay。in用来表示: (1)在某年、某月、某季节。 (2)在—段时间之后,如:intwohours,inafewdays。 注意:在纯粹地表示在上午/下午/晚上时,用 inthemorning/afternoon/evening,但在某一天的上午、下午、晚上前要用介词on。如:onMondaymorning,onthemorningofChildren’sDay。 2.表示地点的at,in,on的用法区别(1)at通常指小地方,in 一般指大地方。(2)at所指范围不太明确,in指“在……里”。(3)in 指在内部,on指“在……之上”。 3.表示“一段时间”的for与since的用法区别for后面接时间段,since之后接时间点。 4.表示时间的before与by的用法区别before与by都可表示“在……之前”,但by含有“不迟于……”、“到……为止”

的意思。如果by后是将来的时间,则与将来时连用,若by后是过去的时间,则与过去完成时连用。 5.over与above(under与below)over,above都表示“在……的` 上面”,over表示“正上方”,而above只表示“在上方”但不一 定在“正上方”。above还可表示温度、水位等“高于”,over还 可表示“越过……”。over的反义词是under,above的反义词是below.例如:ThereisabridgeovertheriverOurplaneflewabovetheclouds. 形容词 形容词即是表示人或物的特征、性质或状态,修饰名词或不定代词的词。 1)作定语,放在名词之前,不定代词之后 但少数形容词只能作表语如: alone,afraid,asleep,awake,alive,well等 eg:Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.Don’tbeafraid.2)作表语,放在系动词之后 eg:Helookshappy. 3)作宾语,放在宾语之后,常与make,leave,keep等动词连用。 eg:Youmustkeepyoureyesclosed. 2.某些形容词说明事物之间的关系、方位,时间、用途等,不能用程度副词来修饰,也没有比较等级的变化,如 thesame,different,southern,northern,Chinese,Japanese等 3.形容词的名词化 某些形容词放在定冠词后,变成名词,表示一类人。常见的有good/bad,rich/poor,young/old,deaf/blind,black/white,living/ dead等eg:Theyoungshouldbepolitetotheold.年轻人应该对老人有 礼貌。

初中中考英语知识点考点总结(全)

初中中考英语知识点考点总结 一.修饰比较级时常见的错误 1. more不可修饰比较级,但much可以用来加强比较级,意为"……的多,更……" He looks more younger than I. (×) He looks much younger than I. (√ ) 2. 比较的对象或范围出现错误。 1)The weather of Beijing is colder than Shanghai. (×) (比较的对象应该是上海的天气,而不是上海) The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Shanghai. (√) 2)China is larger than any country in Asia. (×)(出现了逻辑上的错误: 中国就是亚洲国家,应当排除在外。) China is larger than any country in Africa. (√)中国比非洲的任何国家都大。 China is larger than any other country in Asia. (√)中国比亚洲的任何(其他的)国家都大。 特别提示 Than后面接代词时,一般要用主格,但在口语中也可使用宾格。如果than后是一个句子,则不可使用宾格。 He works harder than me. He works harder than I do. 二.形容词的比较级 用于两者比较,表示"比…更…":

"A+系动词+形容词比较级+than+ B,e.g. I am two years older than my little sister. "A+谓语动词+副词比较级+than+ B:e.g. She gets to school earlier than the other students. "比较级+and+比较级",这种结构表示事物本身程度的逐渐增长,意为"越来越…"。 eg. In spring the days are getting longer and longer. "the+比较级…the+比较级",表示一方的程度随着另一方的程度的增长而增长,表示"越…,越…"。 eg. The mort you practice using English,the better you'll learn it 你英语练得越多,就会学得越好。 "A十动词十the+比较级+of短语(比较范围)",这种结构表示"两者中更……的那一个"。当比较双方只出现一方(没有than及其后面的部分),且句中含有of the two……时,比较级前要加the. eg. Penny is the taller of the two girls. The larger of the two houses belongs to Mr. Black. 表示两者程度不同的其他方式 可用more than(多于……), not more than(不多于……), less than(少于……), not less than(不少于……), less+形容词+ than(不如……)等。We haven't got more than one hour left right now. It is less cold today than it was yesterday. "not+比较级 +than"与"no+比较级+than" 这两个结构表达的意思完全不同: 前者往往表示"一方不比另一方……",后者往往表示"前者和后者一样都不…";

中考初中英语知识点总结

八大时态一般现在时:常与always,often,sometimes, every day连用,表示习惯或经常反复发生的动作或存在的状态。提醒你当第三人称单数做主语时,别忘了动词的变化。注意:象地球大,月亮小等客观真理、事实一定用一般现在时。 现在进行时:要注意其构成:由be+动词+ing,表示说话时正在进行的动作。如:We're studying now. 我们现在正在学习。 一般过去时:表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常与yesterday,last year,in 1949,two years ago,等表示过去时间的状语连用。注意:We often went to dance last summer.有的同学一见到often就想到用一般现在时,其实因为后面有表示过去时间的last summer,所以要用过去式,千万别误用了,切记,切记。 过去进行时:显然过去进行时表示过去某一时刻正在做什么,常和特定的时间状语如at that time,at six yesterday,at that moment,when he came in等连用。如:When he knocked at the door,his mother was cooking. 一般将来时:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态,常与表示将来时间状语如next year,tomorrow 等连用。注意:在Will you ....?问句中,回答必须是Yes,I will.或No,I won't而不能用Yes,I shall. No, I shan't.来回答过去将来时:过去将来时不可以单独使用,它一般在宾语从句中作间接引语,表示从过去某一时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态。如:They told me that they would go to work in Guangdong. 现在完成时:顾名思义,现在完成时表示的是已经完成的动作,但动作造成的影响还在,常被just,already,yet 等副词修饰。如:He has already gone to Tianjin. 对现在造成的影响是他已经不在这儿了。现在完成时还可用来表示过去发生的动作一直延续到现在,常带有for或since等表示一段时间的状语。如:Mr Wang has lived here since 1983.表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作,我们常用过来表示,常带有twice, once, ever, never等时间状语。如:I've never seen that film. 过去完成时:我们可以用过去的过去来概括过去完成时,表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前页 1 第 已经完成了的动作,通常与by,before等构成的短语或when, before, after引导的从句连用。也可表示过去某一时间开始,一直延续到过去另一时间的动作,常和for或since构成的时间状语连用。用法和现在完成时大致相同,只不过又向前推了一个时态。现在完成时用法解析 1.构成 现在完成时是由助动词 have(has)+动词的过去分词构成。助动词说明该谓语是属于现在时范围。它和主语的人称、数要保持一致。过去分词是主要的谓语动

初中英语知识点归纳

一般现在时的用法 1) 经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。 时间状语: every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2) 客观真理,客观存在,科学事实。 The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China. 3) 表示格言或警句中。 Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。 注意:此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时。例:Columbus proved that the earth is round.. 4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。 I don’t want so much. Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well. 比较:Now I put the sugar in the cup. I am doing my homework now. 第一句用一般现在时,用于操作演示或指导说明的示性动作,表示言行的瞬间动作。再如:Now watch me, I switch on the current and stand back. 第二句中的now是进行时的标志,表示正在进行的动作的客观状况,所以后句用一般现在时。 2.一般过去时的用法 1)在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。 时间状语有:yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。 Where did you go just now? 2)表示在过去一段时间,经常性或习惯性的动作。 When I was a child, I often played football in the street. Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome. 3)句型: It is time for sb. to do sth "到……时间了" "该……了"

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