公共英语五级考试PETS5考前预测试卷习题包括答案.doc

2020 年公共英语五级考试 (PETS-5) 考前预测试卷及

答案

SectionⅡ Use of English

( 15 minutes)

Read the following text and fill each of the numbered

spaces with ONE suitable word.Write your answers on

ANSWER SHEET 1.

Children who grip their pens too close to the writing

point are likely to be at a disadvantage in

examinations,______ (31) to the first serious investigation

into the way in which writing technique can dramatically

affect edu-cational achievement.

The survey of 643 children and adults, ranking from pre-

school to 40-plus, also suggests ______(32) pen-holding

techniques have detedorated sharply over one generation,

with teachers now paying far ______( 33 ) atten-tion to correct

pen grip and handwriting style.

Stephanie Thomas, a learning support teacher______ (34) findings have been published, was inspired to in-vestigate this

area ______(35) he noticed that those students who had

the most trouble with spelling______ (36) had a poor pen grip.

While Mr. Thomas could not establish a significant statistical

link______ (37) pen-holding style and accuracy in

spelling, he______ (38) find huge differences in technique

be-tween the young children and the mature adults, and a

def'mite ______(39) between near-point gripping and slow, illegible writing.

People who______ (40) their pens at the writing point

also show other characteristics______ (41) inhibit learning,

______(42) as poor posture, leaning too ______(43) to the desk, using four fingers to grip the pen ______(44) than

three, and clumsy positioning of the thumb (which can obscure

______(45) is being written).

Mr. Thomas believes that the ______(46) between elder and younger writers is ______( 47 ) too dramatic to be accounted

for simply by the possibility that people get better at

writing as they grow ______(48) . He attrib-utes it to a

failure to teach the most effective methods, pointing out

that the differences between ______(49) groups coincides with the abandonment of formal handwriting instruction in classrooms in the sixties. "The 30-year-old showed a

huge diversity of grips,______ (50)the over 40s group all

had a uniform ' tripod' grip. "

SectionⅢ Reading Comprehension

( 50 minutes)

Part A ：Read the following texts and answer the questions which accompany them by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.

Text 1

In a three-month period last year, two Brooklynites had

to be cut out of their apartments and carried to hospital on stretchers designed for transporting small whales. The

National Association to Advance Fat Acceptance(NAAFA)argues that it was not their combined 900kg bulk that made them ill. Obesity, according to NAAFA, is not bad for you. And, even if

it was, there is nothing to be done about it, because genes dictate weight. Attempting to eat less merely slows metabolism, having people as chubby as ever.

This is the fadash movement that causes America' s slimming industry so much pain. In his book Bin Fat

Lies(Ballantine, 1996), Glenn Gaesser says that no study yet has convincingly shown that weight is an independent cause of health problems. Fatness does not kill people; things like hypertension, coronary heart diseases and cancer do. Mi-chael Fnmento, author of The Fat of the Land (Viking, 1997), an anti-fatlash diatribe, compares Dr Gaesser's logic with saying that the guillotine did not kill Louis XVI Rather, it

was the severing of his vertebrae, the cutting of all the

blood vessels in his neck, and.., the trauma caused by his head dropping several feet into a wicker basket.

Being fat kills in several ways. It makes people far more likely to suffer from heart disease or high blood pres-sure. Even moderate obesity increases the chance of contracting diabetes. Being 40% overweight makes people 30% - 50% more likely to die of cancer, according to the American Cancer Society. Extreme fatness makes patients so much less likely

to survive surgery that many doctors refuse to operate

until they slim.

The idea that being overweight is caused by obesity genes is not wholly false ： researchers have found a number of genes that appear to make some people burn off energy at a

slower rate. But genes are not destiny. The difference between someone with a genetic predisposition to gain weight and someone without appears to be roughly 40 calori-es-or a spoonful of mayonnaise--a day.

An alternative fatlash argument, advanced in books such as Dean Onrush' s Eat More, Weight Less ( Harper Collies, 1993 ) and Date Atrens' s Don' t Diet ( William Morrow, 1978), is that fatness is not a matter of eating too much. They note that as Americans' weight has ballooned over the last few decades, their reported caloric intake has plunged. This simply explains people' s own recollection of how much they eat is extremely unreliable. And as they grow fatter, people feel guilty and are more likely to fib about how much they eat. All reputable studies show that eating less and exercising reduce weight.

Certainly, the body' s metabolism slows a little when

you lose weight, because it takes less energy to carry less bulk around, and because dieting can make the body fear it

is about to starve. But a sensible low-fat diet makes weight loss possible. The fatlash movement is dangerous, because slimmers will often find any excuse to give up.To tell people that it is healthy to be obese is to encourage them to live sick and die young.

51.The two Brooklynites in the first paragraph were __

[A] members of the NAAFA

[B] typical victims of overweight

[ C] members of the "fatlash" movement

[ D] proof that the fatlash movement is gaining strength

52.The National Association to Advance Fat Acceptance holds that __

[A ] fat people should try to lose weight

[ B ] eating less is harmful to people' s health

[C ] fat people were horn that way

[ D ] obesity is good for people

53.What can be concluded according to the author's view of the "obesity genes"?

[A] People with a genetic inclination to gain weight Can slim.

[ B ] People who are horn fat will remain that way all life.

[ C ] All efforts to lose weight will prove fruitless.

[ D ] Fat people can live a very happy life, too.

54.The word "fib" in the fourth sentence of Paragraph 5, probably means __

[ A] to tell the truth

[ B ] to reduce

[ C] to increase

[ D ] to tell a small lie

55. Which of the following statements is true?

[ A ] Americans' caloric intake has dropped over the last few decades.

[ B ] Many people who try to lose weight give up half way.

[ C ] Americans are always aware of how much they eat.

[ D ] Obesity does no harm to people' s health.

Text 2

The issue of online privacy in the Internet age found

new urgency following the Sept. ll terrorist attacks, sparking debate over striking the correct balance between protecting civil liberties and attempting to prevent another tragic terrorist act. While preventing terrorism certainly is of paramount importance, privacy rights should not be deemed irrelevant.

In response to the attacks, Congress quickly passed legislation that included provisions expanding rights of investi-gators to intercept wire, oral and electronic communications of alleged hackers and terrorists. Civil liberties groups ex-pressed concerns over the provisions and urged caution in ensuring that efforts to protect our nation do not result in broad government authority to erode privacy rights of U. S. citizens. Nevertheless, causing further concern to civil liberties groups, the Department of Justice proposed exceptions to the attorney-client privilege. On Oct. 30, Attorney General John Ashcroft approved an interim agency rule that would permit federal prison authorities to monitor wire and electronic communications between lawyers and their clients in federal custody, including those who have been de-

tained but not charged with any crime, whenever surveillance

is deemed necessary to prevent violence or terrorism.

In light of this broadening effort to reach into communications that were previously believed to be "off-limits",the issue of online privacy is now an even more pressing concern. Congress has taken some legislative steps toward en-suring online privacy, including the Children' s Online Privacy Protection Act, and provided privacy protections for certain sectors through legislation such as the Financial Services Modernization Act. The legislation passed to date does not, however, provide a statutory scheme for protecting general online consumer privacy. Lacking definitive federal law, some states passed their own measures. But much of this legislation is incomplete or not enforced. Moreover, it becomes unworkable when states create different privacy standards; the Intemet does not know geographic boundaries,and companies and individuals cannot be expected to comply with differing, and at times conflicting, privacy rules.

An analysis earlier this year of 751 U. S. and international Web sites conducted by Consumers International found that most sites collect personal information but fail

to tell consumers how that data will be used, how security is maintained and what fights consumers have over their own information.

At a minimum, Congress should pass legislation requiring Web sites to display privacy policies prominently, in-form consumers of the methods employed to collect client data, allow customers to opt out of such data collection,and

provide customer access to their own data that has already been collected. Although various Intemet privacy bills were introduced in the 107th Congress, the focus shifted to expanding government surveillance in the wake of the ter-rorist attacks. Plainly, government efforts to prevent terrorism are appropriate. Exactly how these exigent circum-stances change the nature of the online privacy debate is stiff to be seen.

56.Concerning the protection of privacy and increased surveillance of communication, the author seems to insist on [ A ] the priority of the former action

[ B ] the execution of the latter at the expense of the former

[C]tightening both policies at the same time

[ D ] a balance between the two actions

57. The author implies in the second paragraph that __

[ A] the proposal of the Department of Justice

is unjustified

[ B ] surveillance of any suspect communication

is necessary

[ C ] civil liberties groups should not have shown

such great concern

[ D ] exceptions should be made in intercepting communications

58.In the eyes of the author, the Financial

Service Modernization Act __

[ A ] serves no more than as a new patch on an old robe [ B ] indicates the Congress' s admirable move to protect privacy

[ C ] invades online consumer privacy rather than protect it

[ D] is deficient in that it leaves many

sectors unshielded

59.Privacy standards made by individual states are ineffective because __

[ A ] the standards of different states contradict each other

[ B ] online communication is not restricted to any state

[ C ] these standards ignore the federai law on the matter

[ D ] these standards are only applicable to regional Web sites

60.The expression "opt out of such data collection"

( in the last paragraph) probably means __

[ A ] pick out from such data the information one needs

[ B ] shift through such data to collect one' s own information

[ C ] evaluate the purpose for such data collection

[ D ] choose not to be involved in such data collectio

Text 3

The man behind this notion, Jack Maple, is a dandy who

affects dark glasses, homburgs( 翘边帽 )and two-toe shoes;yet he

has become something of a legend in America's police departments. For some years, starting in New York and moving on

to high-crime spots such as New Orleans and Philadelphia, he and

his business partner, John Linder have marketed a two-tier system

for cutting crime.

First, police departments have to sort themselves out ：root out corruption, streamline their bureaucracy, and make

more contact with the public. Second, they have to adopt a

computer system called Comstat which helps them to

analyze statistics of all major crimes. These are constantly

keyed into the computer, which then displays where and

when they have occurred on a color-coded map, enabling the

police to monitor crime trends as they happen and to spot

high-crime areas. In New York, Comstat's statistical maps are analyzed each week at a meeting of the city's police chief and precinct captains.

Messrs Maple and Linder ( "specialists in crime-reduction services" ) have no doubt that their system is a main

contributor to the drop in crime. When they introduced it in

New Orleans in January 1997, violent crime dropped by22% in a year;when they merely started working informally with the

police department in Newark, New Jersey, vi-olent crime fell by

13%. Police departments are now lining up to pay as much as

$50, 000 a month for these two men to put them straight.

Probably all these new policies and bits of technical wizardry, added together, have made a big difference to crime. But there remain anomalies that cannot be explained, such as the fact that crime in Washington D. C. , has fallen as fast

as anywhere, although the police department has been corrupt and hopeless and, in large stretches of the city, neither police nor residents seem disposed to fight the criminals in their midst.

The more important reason for the fall in crime rates, many say, is a much less sophisticated one. It is a fact that crime rates have dropped as the imprisonment rate soared. In 1997 the national incarceration rate, at 645 per 100,000 people was more than double the rate in 1985, and the number of inmates in city and county jails rose by 9.4%, almost double its annual average increase since 1990. Surely some criminologist argue, one set of figures is the cause of the other. It is precise because more people are being sent to prison, they claim that crime rates are falling.A 1993 study

by the National Academy of Sciences actualiy concluded that the tripling of the prison population be-tween 1975 and 1989 had lowered violent crime by 10-15%.

Yet cause and effect may not be so obviously linked. To begin with, the sale and possession of drugs are not counted

by the FBI in its crime index, which is limited to violent crimes and crimes against property. Yet drug of-fences account for more than a third of the recent increase in the number of

those jailed; since 1980, the incarceration rate

for drug arrests has increased by 1,000%. And although about three-quarters of those going to prison for drugoffences have committed other crimes as well, there is not yet a crystal-

clear connection between filling the jails withdrug-pushers

and a decline in the rate of violent crime. Again, though

national figures are suggestive, local ones di-verge ： the placer where crime has dropped most sharply( such as New York City)are not always the places where in-carceration has risen fastest.

61.Jack Maple started his career in __

[ A] Philadelphia

[ B ] Oregon

[ C ] New Orleans

[ D ] New York

62.According to,Jack Maple, to cut crime __

[ A ] the,heads of police department should make

more contact with the criminals

[ B ] the government should educate the residents more

[ C]a computer system called Comstat should be adopted

by the police

[D] tbe criminals should be severely punished

63. ln New Yerk_______.

[ A] violent crime dropped by 23% in one year

[ B ] police departments pay as much as $ 50, 000

for Jack Maple

[ C ] the crime rate is high

[ D ] Comstat's statistical maps are analyzed every week

64.The meaning of the word "anomalies" in the second

line of 4th paragraph is ___________

[ A ] something strange

[ B ] enjoyable things

[ C ] anormally

[ D ] comparison

65. It can be inferred from the passage that ___________

[ A ] the drop of crime rote is caused by Jack

Maples's two-tier system

[ B ] the drop of crime rate is caused by the

increased imprisonment

[ C ] it is difficult to identify the exact cause for

the fall of crime rate

[ D ] the increased imprisonment is not the reason for

the fall of crime rate

Text 3

The man behind this notion, Jack Maple, is a dandy who affects dark glasses, homburgs( 翘边帽 )and two-toe shoes;yet he has become something of a legend in America's police departments. For some years, starting in New York and moving on to high-crime spots such as New Orleans and Philadelphia,

he and his business partner, John Linder have marketed a

two-tier system for cutting crime.

First, police departments have to sort themselves out

：root out corruption, streamline their bureaucracy, and make

more contact with the public. Second, they have to adopt a

computer system called Comstat which helps them to

analyze statistics of all major crimes. These are constantly

keyed into the computer, which then displays where and

when they have occurred on a color-coded map, enabling the

police to monitor crime trends as they happen and to spot

high-crime areas. In New York, Comstat's statistical maps are analyzed each week at a meeting of the city's police chief and precinct captains.

Messrs Maple and Linder ( "specialists in crime-reduction services" ) have no doubt that their system is a main

contributor to the drop in crime. When they introduced it in

New Orleans in January 1997, violent crime dropped by22% in a year;when they merely started working informally with the

police department in Newark, New Jersey, vi-olent crime fell

by 13%. Police departments are now lining up to pay as much

as $50, 000 a month for these two men to put them straight.

Probably all these new policies and bits of technical

wizardry, added together, have made a big difference to crime.

But there remain anomalies that cannot be explained, such as

the fact that crime in Washington D. C. , has fallen as fast

as anywhere, although the police department has been corrupt

and hopeless and, in large stretches of the city, neither

police nor residents seem disposed to fight the criminals in

their midst.

The more important reason for the fall in crime rates,

many say, is a much less sophisticated one. It is a fact that

crime rates have dropped as the imprisonment rate soared. In 1997 the national incarceration rate, at 645 per 100,000

people was more than double the rate in 1985, and the

number of inmates in city and county jails rose by 9.4%, almost double its annual average increase since 1990. Surely some criminologist argue, one set of figures is the cause of the other.

It is precise because more people are being sent to prison,

they claim that crime rates are falling.A 1993 study

by the National Academy of Sciences actualiy concluded

that the tripling of the prison population be-tween 1975 and 1989 had lowered violent crime by 10-15%.

Yet cause and effect may not be so obviously linked. To

begin with, the sale and possession of drugs are not counted

by the FBI in its crime index, which is limited to violent crimes

and crimes against property. Yet drug of-fences account for

more than a third of the recent increase in the number of

those jailed; since 1980, the incarceration rate

for drug arrests has increased by 1,000%. And although about three-quarters of those going to prison for drugoffences have committed other crimes as well, there is not yet a crystal-clear connection between filling the jails withdrug-pushers and a decline in the rate of violent crime. Again, though

national figures are suggestive, local ones di-verge ： the placer where crime has dropped most sharply( such as New York City)are not always the places where in-carceration has risen fastest.

61.Jack Maple started his career in __

[ A] Philadelphia

[ B ] Oregon

[ C ] New Orleans

[ D ] New York

62. According to,Jack Maple, to cut crime __

[ A ] the,heads of police department should make

more contact with the criminals

[ B ] the government should educate the residents more

[ C]a computer system called Comstat should be adopted by the police

[D] tbe criminals should be severely punished

63. ln New Yerk_______.

[ A] violent crime dropped by 23% in one year

[ B ] police departments pay as much as $ 50, 000

for Jack Maple

[ C ] the crime rate is high

[ D ] Comstat's statistical maps are analyzed every week

64.The meaning of the word "anomalies" in the second line of 4th paragraph is ___________

[ A ] something strange

[ B ] enjoyable things

[ C ] anormally

[ D ] comparison

65. It can be inferred from the passage that ___________

[ A ] the drop of crime rote is caused by Jack

Maples's two-tier system

[ B ] the drop of crime rate is caused by the

increased imprisonment

[ C ] it is difficult to identify the exact cause for

the fall of crime rate

[ D ] the increased imprisonment is not the reason for

the fall of crime rate

Part C ：Answer questions 71 ~ 80 by referring to the following books.

Note： Answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D and mark it on ANSWER SHEET 1. Some choices may be required more than once.

A = BOOK 1

B = BOOK 2

C = BOOK 3

D = BOOK 4

Which book(s) say(s) that...

the climate affects the future sustainable

agricultural development? 71.___________

environmental control is related with the

national revenues? 72. _____

the environmental problems ale not caused overnight? 73.___________

a variety of species are on the decrease? 74.___________

agriculture is also a factor for the degradation of environment? 75.___________

pollution call be controlled by increasing the production

cost of polluting goods? 76.___________

pollution control needs the support of technology and techniques? 77.___________

provides lessons for agriculture，trade，land USe and tax policy from an economic perspective?78.___________

the degradation of environment cauSes the change of

climate? 79.___________

the approaches to research should be adjusted to

the changing situation?80.___________

BOOK 1

The book offers a comprehensive perspective on the consequences and possible policy solutions for cli-matic

change as we move into the twenty-first century. It

assesses the impact of potential feature global climate

change on agriculture and the need to sustain agricultural

growth for the economic development.

The book begins by examining the role of international

research institutions in overcoming environmental con-

straints on sustainable agricultural growth and economic development. The authors then discuss how agricultural re-

search systems may be restructured to respond to global environmental problems such as climate change and loss of

genetic diversity. The discussion then extends to consider environmental accounting and indexing, to illustrate how environmental quality can be included formally in measures

of national income, social welfare and sustainability.

The third part of the book focuses on the effects of and

policy responses to climate change. Chapters in this part ex-

amine the effect of climate change on production, trade, land

use patterns and livelihoods. They consider impacts on the

distribution of income between developed and developing

countries remain a major economic activity. Authors take on

an economy-wide perspective to draw lessons for agriculture,

trade, land use and tax policy.

BOOK 2

The ozone layer is threatened by chemical cmissious; the

climate is endangered from fossil and defor-estation, and

global biodiversity is being lost by reason of thousands of years

of habitat conversions. Global environ-mental problems arise

out of the accumulated impacts from many years' and many

countries' economic develop-ment. In order to address these

problems the states of the world must cooperate to manage

their development proces-ses together--this is what an

international environmental agreement must do. But can the

world' s countries cooper-ate successfully to manage global development? How should they manage it? Who should pay

for the process, as well as for the underlying problems?

This book presents an examination of both the problem and

the process underlying international environmental lawmaking ：the recognition of international interdependence, the

negotiation of international agreements and the evo-lution of

international resource management. It examines the general

problem of global resource management by means of general

principles and case studies and by looking at how and why

specific negotiations and agreements have failed to achieve their targets.

The book is designed as an introductory text for those studying global environmental policy making and institu-

tion building. It will also be of interest to practitioners and

policy rnakers and scholars in the areas of environmental economics and law.

BOOK 3

Industrialization to achieve economic development has resulted in global environmental degradation.

While the impacts of industrial activity on the natural environment are a major concern in developed countries, muchless is known about these impacts in developing countries. This source book identifies and quantifies the environmen-tal consequences of industrial growth, and provides policy advice, including the use of clean technologies and envi-ronmentally sound production techniques, with special reference to the developing world.

The developing world is often seen as having a high percentage of heavily polluting activities within its industrial sector. This, combined with a substantial agriculture sector, which contributes to deforestation, the erosion of the top soil and desertification, has led to extreme pressures on the environment and impoverishes the population by de-stroying

its natural resource base. This crisis suggests that sound industrialization policies are of paramount impor-tance in developing countries' economic development, and calls for

the management of natural