跨文化交际期末考试复习题

Define the following items:

1.intercultural communication: is simply defined as interpersonal communication between people from different cultural background.

2.interethnic communication: refers to communication between people of the same race but different ethnic backgrounds.

3.verbal communication：communication done both orally and in written language.

4.nonverbal communication: involves all nonverbal stimuli i n

a communication setting that is generated by both the source and his or her use of the environment and that has potential message value for the source or receiver. 4. Monochronic time一元时间观念: means paying attention to and doing only one thing at a time.

5. Polychronic time多元时间观念: means being involved with many things at once.

6. ethnocentrism ：the view of things in which one’s own group is the center of everything, and all others are scaled and rated with reference to it.

7. stereotypes：refers to negative or positive judgment

made about individuals based on any observable or believed group membership.针对目标群体成员所特有的正面或方面的判断。

8. encoding is the act of putting an idea or thought into

a code..

编码：是指将思想转换成代码的行为过程。

9.Culture identity : refers to one’s sense of belonging to a particular culture or ethnic group.

文化身份：指有意识地把自己归为某一特定文化或种族群体。10.Subculture are formed by groups of people possessing characteristic traits that set apart and distinguish them from others within a larger society or dominant culture. 亚文化:具有能在更大的一个社会范围内或主流文化中使自己有别于他人的特点的人类群体所形成的文化。

11.Culture shock文化震惊: is a feeling of frustration, uneasiness, or uncertainty that many people experience in unknown settings.

12.Taboo禁忌语：refers to some objects, words or actions that are avoided by a particular group of people, or in certain culture for religious or social reasons. 在特定文化中出于宗教或社会原因被一特定群体所避免使用的一些词语或行为。

13.Paralanguage副语言： refers to the rate , pitch and volume qualities of the voice,which interrupt or temporarily take the place of speech and affect the meaning of a message是与口语交际有关，指说的速度，音高，和质量，这些要素会打断或临时取代语言并影响信息的语意表达.

https://www.360docs.net/doc/5718187022.html,munication noise干扰

Any factor that hinders or distorts the reception of the message

15.Decoding解码

The interpretative process of assigning meaning to a message.

16.Denotation：is the conceptual meaning of the word that designates or describes things, events or processes,etc.

17.Connotation：refers to the emotional or stylistic associations that a word or phrase suggests in one’s mind.

18.space bubble

When people are having conversation with someone else, they generally like to have a little bubble of space all around them. This little bubble of space extends one or two or even three feet all around our bodies. We tend to

view this as our personal space,even if we never think about it.

19.reverse culture shock: is the name people give to that feeling of not fitting into your home country,and you are especially at risk of it if you return home after living abroad for an extended time.

Answer the following questions:

(1).What is the difference between individualism and collectivism?

An individualism culture is one in which people tend to view themselves as individuals and to emphasize the needs of individuals. It is regarded as a threat to the group and will result in punishment by the group in some country like Japan.

A collectivism culture is one in which people tend to view themselves as members of groups (families, work units,tribes, nations) and usually consider the needs of individuals. It values the group above the individual,and individuals have a responsibility to the group that supersedes individual needs or rights.

(2).Features of culture

1.Culture is learned behaviour

2.Culture is usually acquired unconsciously

3.Culture is shared among its members

4.Culture is persistent and enduring

5.Culture manifests itself both implicitly and explicitly

6.Culture is adaptive and changeable

7.Culture is relational

(3).What is Culture shock .............p129

Culture shock is a feeling of frustration, uneasiness, or uncertainty that many people experience in unknown settings.

Culture shock is a multifaceted experience resulting from numerous stressors occurring in contact with a different culture.

Cause of Culture shock

1.Stress reaction 3.role shock

2.Cognitive fatigue 4.personal shock

(4).Components of Communication：

Sender

Any person that produces the message

Source交际邀请

The source is the person with an idea he or she desires

to communicate.

Code代码

Any systematic arrangement or comprehensive collection of symbols

Encoding编码

Encoding is the act of putting an idea or thought into a code.

Message编码信息

The term message is the content of interaction

Channel交际渠道

The mode by which a message moves from the source of the message to the receiver of the message.

Noise 干扰

Any factor that hinders or distorts the reception of messages.

Receiver交际接受

The person that receives the message in the communication Response反应

The reaction of the receiver to the decoded message Feedback反馈

Information generated by the receiver and made available to a source that allows the source to make qualitative

judgments about the communication while it is taking place (5) What is nonverbal communication?

Nonverbal communication involves all nonverbal stimuli in a communication setting that is generated by both the source and his or her use of the environment and that has potential message value for the source or receiver. (6). Culture difference on lexical level

The lexical meaning of culture difference can largely be grouped into two types:denotation and connotation. Denotation is the conceptual meaning of the word that designates or describes things, events or processes,etc. It is the primary,explicit meaning given in the definition of a word in a dictionary.

Connotation refers to the emotional or stylistic associations that a word or phrase suggests in one’s mind. It is the implicit, supplementary value which is added to the purely denotative meaning of a word or phrase.

跨文化交际试题附答案

《跨文化交际》试题（附答案） Paper 1 Communication Analysis ? The following are three different cases of cross-cultural communication. In each of the cases there is something to be improved upon. Write an analysis on what is to be desired for more successful communication or cultural understanding.? ? Question 1 Case 1: Chen Bing, a Chinese tour guide, is talking to a Canadian tourist, Luke Baines, who has no knowledge of Chinese at all. They are having dinner in a restaurant. Chen: This is Beijing duck, one of China's most famous dishes. You'll love it! Luke: No, thanks. I don't like duck. I prefer chicken.? ? Question 2 Case 2: Feng Li and Tom have been working on a scientific experiment at a British university for some months. It has not been totally successful. They are discussing the situation in the laboratory. Feng Li: I don't know where it went wrong! Tom, Don't feel so bad. Cheer up, you've done your job. Feng Li: But our experiment has turned out to be a failure. Tom: Relax for a couple of days. I'll face the music. Feng Li: Tom, we are not playing children's games here. This is a scientific experiment. Tom, I've never taken the experiment as child’ s play, and I'm playing the game. Feng Li: You say you're playing the game! It's a rather important experiment! Feng Li walks out of the Laboratory angrily. Tom is puzzled.? ? Question 3 Case 3: This is a more complex situation where there are several things that require more informed cultural analysis. Find the cultural problems and explain the cultural differences. Jim and Li Zhen were students together at Leeds University in Britain. A year later, after graduating, Jim went to Shanghai as a visiting scholar on a year’s exchange.

跨文化交际期末试题[完整]

考试需知：考试前每一列学生把课本放在第一排。考试时间为2．5个小时，试卷1为闭卷考试，前面40分钟用于完成试卷1。待老师收上试卷1后，发下课本，学生做试卷2，试卷2 为开卷考试。可携带纸质词典进考场，不许携带电子词典及手机进考场。 Test Paper 1 Ⅰ. Filling the blanks: 1.Generally speaking, in terms of contextuality, the communication in the West is low-contextual while that in the East is high-contextual 2.Generally speaking, in terms of world views, the West adopts Dualistic view, while the East adopt s holistic view 3.Generally speaking, in terms of thought patterns, the West follows Analytic and abstract thinking, while the East follows synthetic and concrete thinking 4.Generally speaking, in terms of discourse patterns, the West uses Deductive pattern, while the East uses inductive pattern 5In the Axial Age, the great thinkers in China are Confucius,

跨文化交际习题

跨文化交际习题 1. 单选题：（1.0分）在日本，喝汤时发出很大吮吸的声音会被认为是______。 A. 粗鲁而讨厌的 B. 你喜欢这种汤的表现 C. 在家里不要紧，在公共场合则不妥 D. 只有外国人才这么做解答： B 参考答案： B 2. 单选题：（1.0分）

在日本，自动售货机里出售除下列哪一种饮料以外的所有其他饮料？ A. 啤酒 B. 加糖精的保健饮料 C. 加糖的咖啡 D. 美国公司生产的软饮料解答： B 参考答案： B 3. 单选题：（1.0分）在拉丁美洲，管理者______。 A. 一般会雇佣自己家族的成员 B. 认为雇佣中级家族成员是不合适的 C. 强调雇佣少数特殊群体员工的重要性

D. 通常雇佣比实际工作所需更多的员工解答： A 参考答案： A 4. 单选题：（1.0分）在拉丁美洲，人们______。 A. 认为交谈时和对方进行眼神交流是不礼貌的 B. 总是等到对方说完才开始说话 C. 身体接触次数比相似情况下北美商人多 D. 避免身体接触，因为这被认为是对个人隐私的侵犯解答： C 参考答案： C

5. 单选题：（1.0分）马来西亚的主要宗教是______。 A. 佛教 B. 犹太教 C. 基督教 D. 伊斯兰教解答： D 参考答案： D 6. 单选题：（1.0分）在泰国______。 A. 男性之间挽手同行很常见

B. 男女之间在公共场合挽手很常见 C. 男女同行是很粗鲁的举止 D. 传统上男性和女性在街上遇见会互相亲吻解答： A 参考答案： A 7. 单选题：（1.0分）在印度，进食时恰当的举止是______。 A. 用右手取食物，用左手吃 B. 用左手取食物，用右手吃 C. 取食物和吃都只用左手 D. 取食物和吃都只用右手解答： D 参考答案： D

跨文化交际(胡超版)期末试题

Test Paper Ⅰ. Filling the blanks: 1.G enerally speaking, in terms of contextuality, the communication in the West is low-contextual while that in the East is high-contextual 2.G enerally speaking, in terms of world views, the We st adopts Dualistic view, while the East adopts holistic view 3.G enerally speaking, in terms of thought patterns, the West follows Analytic and abstract thinking, while the East follows synthetic and concrete thinking 4.Generally speaking, in terms of discourse patterns, the West uses Deductive pattern, while the East uses inductive pattern 5In the Axial Age, the great thinkers in China are Confucius, Lao Tze, Mo Tze, and the great thinker in India is Siddhartha Gautama, the great figure in Palestine are Hebrew prophets, and the great thinkers in the West are Plato, Homer and Archimedes Ⅱ. Choose the best answer: 1.Non-verbal messages are classified into two comprehensive categories: those that are primarily produced by the body, such as_________,________,_______; and those that the individual combines with the setting, such as _______, _______, _______.D A.physical contact, eye contact, paralanguage; space, time, man B.facial expression, touch, taste; space, time, silence C.appearance, movement, gesture; surrounding, occasion, man D.movement, smell, paralanguage; space, time, silence 2.In Chinese writing, there are usually more adjectives, proverbs and allusions than in English writing. Some Western scholars name this style “flowery”, stating that its aim is to give a more fanciful impression than information, and the information is usually of beauty, fragrance, happiness, and any other “goodness”aspects so as to attract people. We may term this style as_______-oriented. Western writing is more direct with objective inform ation. To them, much-repeated words may mean less after a while. We may term the Western writing as ________-oriented.C A. adjective, objective B. Chinese, Western C. impression, information C. indirect, direct 3. As to the human nature orientation, the traditional Western belief holds that _______, while the Asian people believe that_______.B A. basically good; basically bad B. evil but perfectible, basically good C. the mixture of good and evil; the mixture of good and evil; D. unknown 4. As to the Man-Nature orientation, the traditional Western belief holds that _______, while the Asian people believe that_______.D A. subjugation to nature; harmony with nature B. harmony with nature; mastery over nature

跨文化交际-unit1-6-课后translation中英对照

Unit 1 Page 22 The growth of intercultural communication as a field of study is based on a view of hi story that clearly demonstrates people and cultures have been troubled by a persistent i nability to understand and get along with groups and societies removed by space, ideol ogy, appearance, and behavior from their own. What is intriguing about many of huma n civilization's failure is that they appear to be personal as well as global. The story of h umankind is punctuated with instances of face-to-face conflicts as well as international misunderstanding--major and minor quarrels that range from simple name-calling to i solationism or even armed conflict. It is obvious that increased contact with other cultures and subcultures makes it impe rative for us to make a concerted effort to get along with and to try to understand peop le whose beliefs and backgrounds may be vastly different from our own. The ability, thr ough increased awareness and understanding, to peacefully coexist with people who do not necessarily share our lifestyles or values could benefit us not only in our own neigh borhoods but could be the decisive factor in maintaining world peace. 纵观历史，我们可以清楚地看到，人们由于彼此所处地域、意识形态、容貌服饰和行为举止上存在的差异，而长久无法互相理解、无法和睦相处。在这种情况下，跨文化交际作为一个特定的研究领域得以形成和发展。值得注意的是，人类文明在发展过程中所遭受的许多挫折，既是个人的，又是全球性的；人类历史进程总是充满了个人间的直接冲突和民族间的误解——从骂骂咧咧到孤立主义直至到武装冲突，大大小小争端不绝。很显然，文化间以及亚文化间的交往比以前多了，这迫切要求我们共同努力，去理解有着不同信仰和文化背景的人们，并与之和睦相处。通过加深认识和理解，我们能够与生活方式、价值观念不同的人们和平共处；这不但有益于我们周遭环境的安定，也是维护世界和平的决定性因素。 Unit 2 Page 60 Culture is sometimes referred to as our mental programming，our “software of the mind. ” But we can take that computer analogy further and say that culture is the operating environment that enables software programs to run. Culture is like DOS or Unix or Windows：it is what enables us to process information in various specific application. The metaphor of windows seems to be very appealing to describe culture: culture is a mental set of windows through which all of life is viewed. It various from individual to individual within a society, but it shares important characteristics with menbers of a society. Culture is like the water fish swim in┄a reality that is taken for granted and rarely examined. it is in the air we breath and is as necessary to our understanding of who we are as air is to our physical life. Culture is the property of a community of people, not simply a characteristic of individuals. Societies are programmed by culture, and that programming comes from similar life experiences and similar interpretations of what those experiences mean. If culture is mental programming, it is also a mental map of reality. It tells us from early childhood what matters, what to prefer, what to avoid, and what to do. Culture

(精选)跨文化交际复习题

跨文化交际复习题： 1、跨文化交流障碍产生的原因有哪些？ 2、试用霍夫斯泰德的文化价值理论来分析中美课堂的主要差异及原因。 3、试分析电视剧《小爸爸》第32集中（法庭审理）体现出的主要中美文化差异。 4、试简要叙述文化的“洋葱论”和“冰山论”。 5、请简要阐述跨文化敏感度发展模式的6个阶段。 6、非言语交流方式有哪一些？列举几个国家非言语交流方式含义的差异。 7、国际礼仪的基本原则有哪些？ 8、国际惯例、本国礼俗与入乡随俗之间的关系如何处理？请举例说明。 9、什么是着装的ＴＰＯ原则？ 10、简述男士西装与女士套裙的着装规范。 11、见面介绍与行握手礼应遵从什么顺序？ 12、名片的使用有哪些注意事项？ 13、西餐的餐桌礼仪包含哪几个方面？试简述每一方面的主要规范。案例分析题：一、请运用非语言沟通的知识来分析以下案例。【案例1】 Mark因为工作的原因从丹麦搬到悉尼做销售人员。三周后，他被邀请加入一个当地的俱乐部。最初的几周里，他总是要么坐在沙发里听别人聊天，要么站在角落里与人交谈，慢慢地他熟悉了俱乐部里的所有人。一天，在一个晚间聚会上，一位俱乐部女性成员走近他，他们开始很有兴致地谈论晚会的气氛。刚开始，

谈话的气氛很好，可是慢慢地Mark发现，这位女士正在慢慢地后退。她看上去明显很不安。正当Mark想跟她谈论一下澳洲人的风俗时，一位不远处的男士看了那位女士一眼，她如释重负地走过去开始和那位男士聊起来，留下Mark一个人疑惑地站在那里。

二、请用单一制时间观和多元制时间观来分析以下案例：【案例2】德国外教Nowak经常去一中国菜摊买菜，因为她的摊子品种多、态度好。这天他挑好了一颗西兰花，正犹豫再买点什么，听到摊主又在招呼其他顾客，他等了一会儿。只见摊主手脚麻利地给其他两个刚来的顾客过称、装袋、收钱。好容易轮到他，摊主一边为他称菜，一边又在试图招呼其他人。Nowak不高兴地说：“我是先来的，你应该先服务好我。”摊主笑着回答：“我看你半天没吱声，以为你还想挑点什么呢。我这不来了吗？！”Nowak回家的路上，一直觉得自己在这里是“老外”，太容易被人欺负了。三、请用个体主义和集体主义价值观来分析以下案例：【案例3】飞利浦照明公司某区人力资源副总裁（美国人）与一位被认为具有发展潜力的中国员工交谈，想听听这位员工对自己今后五年的职业发展规划及期望达到的位置。中国员工并没有正面回答问题，而是开始谈论起公司未来的发展方向、公司的晋升体系，以及目前他本人在组织中的位置等，讲了半天也没有正面回答副总裁的问题。副总裁有些大惑不解，没等他说完已经有些不耐烦了，因为同样的事情之前已经发生了好几次，“我不过是想知道这为员工对于自己未来五年发展的打算，想要在飞利浦做到什么样的职位罢了，可为何就不能得到明确的回答呢”谈话结束后，副总忍不住向人力资源总监抱怨道，同时受到压力的员工也向总监诉苦，“这位老外怎么这么咄咄逼人？”作为人力资源总监，他明白双方之间不同的文化背景及由此引发的不同的沟通方式引起了隔阂，虽然极力向双方辩解，但要完全消除已经产生的问题却并不容易。四、自行寻找案例，用中西思维方式的差异分析中西写作表达习惯的差异。

跨文化交际与翻译真题·

跨文化交际与翻译真题2015.6.5临床专业一、案例分析(答题说明：每题10分，合计10.0分。) 1. Situation: Two Americans, Bill and Tony, are talking about Tony’s unhappy experience with his Chinese college. Bill: Hi, Tony. How’re you doing? Tony: Fine. Just got back from visiting the home of one of my Chinese colleagues. Bill: Oh, have a good time? Tony: Oh yes, very good. Mind you, I was bit hurt about the way they treated my present. You see, I know they like western music so I brought them back some of the latest tapes from the UK. Had them all wrapped up beautifully and gave them to them as soon as I got inside the door and what do you think happened? Bill: What? Tony: Nothing. Well, more or less, they said thank you but then just put them away in a corner. Didn’t even bother to unwrap them. I must say I felt a bit miffed after all the trouble I’d taken. 参考答案：答题点：Gift giving in the West 三、跨文化单选(答题说明：每题1分，合计15.0分。) C22. Cathy is talking to her friends Bill and Tod outside the cinema. Cathy: Well, what did you think of the film, then? Bill: Oh, I thought it was great. Didn’t you think so?

跨文化交际中手势语的差异

题目：跨文化交际中手势语的差异 ——以“翘拇指”“竖中指”“V”手势“OK”为例摘要非言语行为具有鲜明的文化特征，不同国家、民族对非言语行为的社会规范区别很大，甚至所表示的意义恰好相反。日常生活中人们进行交谈、沟通时，除了语言这个交际工具还有手势。手势语几乎随时随地伴着语言进行交往，起着关键的作用，有时也会代替语言甚至超越语言。人类的有些手势语具有相同性，但更多的手势语被赋予了文化的内涵，不同的文化背景赋予了不同的交际意义，以、翘大拇指、竖中指、“V”字形“OK”等手势为例解释说明。 Abstract Nonverbal behavior has distinct cultural characteristics,Different countries, ethnic groups are very different from the social norms of nonverbal behavior,even the express meaning is On the contrary. When People to talk and communicate in daily life,in addition to the language of communication tools there have gestures。Gesture language almost anywhere with the language of communication,plays a key

role.Sometimes it can transcend the language and even take the place of the language. human gestures have the same nature，but more signs are given the connotation of culture.different cultural backgrounds give different communicative meanings,wave、vertical thumb、“V”Shape as example to explain. 关键词：跨文化交际非言语行为手势语 Key words: intercultural communication nonverbal behavior gesture 手势语（gesture?language）是体态语中最基本也是最重要的一种。法国心理学家休乐热强调手势语的重要作用：“人们交谈时说话本身的份量只占7%，语调占38%，面部表情和手势占55%，有时候说千万句好听的作为铺垫引出一个重点，但是一个不经意的手势就可以推翻之前所说的一切。”但是，不同的国家、民族、地区的手势语既有其同一性，更有其特殊性。手势语的使用有习俗的差异，所以在交际中必须要小心使用，不然就会引起冲突。下面举出一些常见的手势语在不同文化中的含义： 1.翘大拇指（?thumb up?）翘大拇指的意思几乎在世界公认表示好、干的不错，一切顺利、非常出色等类似的信息。家长对孩子、老师对学生、上级对下级常常会做出这个手势表示认同鼓励。但竖大拇指的这个手势也有许多例外：在美国和欧洲部分地区，如果你看到有人在公路上对开过来的车竖大拇指他的意思并不是夸赞司机车技好，而是竖大拇指用来表示请求搭车；篮球比赛中，裁

跨文化交际期末

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