丘成桐大学生数学竞赛,代数与数论,考纲

Algebra,Number Theory and Combinatorics(second draft)

Linear Algebra

Abstract vector spaces;subspaces;dimension;matrices and linear transformations;matrix algebras and groups;determinants and traces;eigenvectors and eigenvalues,characteristic and minimal polynomials;diagonalization and triangularization of operators;invariant subspaces and canonical forms;inner products and orthogonal bases;reduction of quadratic forms; hermitian and unitary operators,bilinear forms;dual spaces;adjoints.tensor products and tensor algebras;

Integers and polynomials

Integers,Euclidean algorithm,unique decomposition;congruence and the Chinese Remainder theorem;Quadratic reciprocity;Indeterminate Equations.Polynomials,Euclidean algorithm, uniqueness decomposition,zeros;The fundamental theorem of algebra;Polynomials of integer coefficients,the Gauss lemma and the Eisenstein criterion;Polynomials of several variables, homogenous and symmetric polynomials,the fundamental theorem of symmetric polynomials. Group

Groups and homomorphisms,Sylow theorem,finitely generated abelian groups.Examples: permutation groups,cyclic groups,dihedral groups,matrix groups,simple groups,Jordan-Holder theorem,linear groups(GL(n,F)and its subgroups),p-groups,solvable and nilpotent groups, group extensions,semi-direct products,free groups,amalgamated products and group presentations.

Ring

Basic properties of rings,units,ideals,homomorphisms,quotient rings,prime and maximal ideals,fields of fractions,Euclidean domains,principal ideal domains and unique factorization domains,polynomial and power series rings,Chinese Remainder Theorem,local rings and localization,Nakayama's lemma,chain conditions and Noetherian rings,Hilbert basis theorem, Artin rings,integral ring extensions,Nullstellensatz,Dedekind domains,algebraic sets,Spec(A). Module

Modules and algebra Free and projective;tensor products;irreducible modules and Schur’s lemma;semisimple,simple and primitive rings;density and Wederburn theorems;the structure of finitely generated modules over principal ideal domains,with application to abelian groups and canonical forms;categories and functors;complexes,injective modues,cohomology;Tor and Ext.

Field

Field extensions,algebraic extensions,transcendence bases;cyclic and cyclotomic extensions; solvability of polynomial equations;finite fields;separable and inseparable extensions;Galois theory,norms and traces,cyclic extensions,Galois theory of number fields,transcendence degree,function fields.

Group representation

Irreducible representations,Schur's lemma,characters,Schur orthogonality,character tables, semisimple group rings,induced representations,Frobenius reciprocity,tensor products, symmetric and exterior powers,complex,real,and rational representations.

Lie Algebra

Basic concepts,semisimple Lie algebras,root systems,isomorphism and conjugacy theorems, representation theory.

Combinatorics(TBA)

References:

Strang,Linear algebra,Academic Press.

I.M.Gelfand,Linear Algebra

《整数与多项式》冯克勤余红兵著高等教育出版社

Jacobson,Nathan Basic algebra.I.Second edition.W.H.Freeman and Company,New York,1985.xviii+499pp.

Jacobson,Nathan Basic algebra.II.Second edition.W.H.Freeman and Company,New York,1989.xviii+686pp.

https://www.360docs.net/doc/577111231.html,ng,Algebra,Addison-Wesley

冯克勤，李尚志，查建国，章璞，《近世代数引论》

刘绍学，《近世代数基础》

J.P.Serre,Linear representations of finite groups

J.P.Serre:Complex semisimple Lie algebra and their representations

J.Humphreys:Introduction to Lie algebra and representation theory,GTM009.

W.Fulton,Representation theory,a First Course,GTM129.