1:英语语法的主要内容

1:英语语法的主要内容
1:英语语法的主要内容

第一讲:英语语法的主要内容

一、英语语言的特点

在不同的语言中,句子内部连接或外部连接几乎都使用三种手段:句法手段、词汇手段、语义手段。用前两种手段连接称为“形合”,用后一种手段连接称为“意合”。

从英语的语法特点来看,英语注重“主谓”结构;语法关系主要是通过词本身的形态变化以及虚词、词序等手段来表示的;英语句子除了主、谓、宾(表)这个主干外,还往往携带有从句、短语或独立结构等各种修饰成分(附加语),其定语和状语可以一环套一环,修饰中另有修饰或限定,形成了错综复杂的结构;英语句子是通过严整的结构交待清楚各板块之间的相互关系,就其本身结构的词序而言,英语句子存在着违反逻辑思维自然顺序的现象。英语的所谓“形合”是由该语言的各级语言单位及其组合的结构形式决定的。

汉语是以“意合”为主的语言,注重“主题+说明”结构,汉语各级语言单位的组合,不靠形态的变化,而是依靠语序和虚词由小到大的层层组合。两个或两个以上的语言单位只要在语义上能搭配得拢,在逻辑事理上讲得通,符合语言习惯,就可以组合。由于省略的成分较多,句子结构关系而变得既复杂严密,又简练经济等;语法上的主语通常就是逻辑上的主题。

二、英语语法的主要内容

词法和句法

1.词法:

1、词类的划分:

汉英在划分实词和虚词的标准上可以说是一致的。

实词, 就是在句中能单独作句子成分的词。虚词, 就是在句中不能单独作句子成分的词。

汉语:(实词)名词动词数词量词代词形容词;(虚词) 副词介词连词助词感叹词

英语:(实词)名词动词数词代词形容词副词;(虚词) 冠词介词连词感叹词

2、词类的转化

汉英语的词类都可以相互转化,名词和动词可以相互转化,形容词和副词可以相互转化,而英语就不行。因为英语每一个句子成分都有严格的形式要求,即什么位置就有什么形式。对比:

1) 政府工作报告the report on the government

.报告政府工作to report the government’s work

2)快车 a fast train

.不要读得这么快. Don’t read so fast

3、词形的变化

英语的实词都有词形变化,并具有语法意义。

1) 动词的词形在句中随人称、数、时态、语态和语气发生变化。

2) 名词有单复数和所有格的变化。

3) 代词有人称、格、性和数的变化。

4) 形容词/副词有原级、比较级和最高级的变化。

4、英语独有的词类

冠词是英语独有的词类。冠词虽然是虚词,但其在句中的作用是很大的,它的用法既有规律性也有特殊性。因此,在写作中,必须根据它的功能,上下文的关系以及习惯用法,来准确地使用冠词。如:

这位外科医生正在给两天前送这里的那位病人作手术。

The surgeon is operating on the patient sent here two days ago.

5、词序

在句法上,汉语的词序是重要的语法手段,词与词的结合比较自由,即结构关系往往不用形态标志来表示,成分省略较多才,使句子结构关系既复杂严密,又简练经济等;而英语句子除了主、谓、宾(表)这个主干外,还往往携带有各种修饰成分(如从句、短语或独立结构等),其定语和状语可以一环套一环,修饰中另有修饰或限定,形成了风回路转、错综复杂的结构。如:

The war to turn China into a U.S. colony, a war in which the United

战争变中国为美国殖民地一战争其中

States of America supplies the money and guns and Chiang Kai-shek the men to fight 美国供给钱和枪炮以及蒋介石(供给) 人去打仗

for the United States and slaughter the Chinese people, has been an important

为美国并屠杀中国人民已经是一个重大的component of the U.S. imperialist policy of world-wide aggression since World War II.

部分美国帝国主义政策属于全世界侵略自从世界大战二次。

战争变中国为美国殖民地一战争其中美国供给钱和枪炮以及蒋介石人去打仗为美国并屠杀中国人民已经是一个重大的部分美国帝国主义政策属于全世界侵略自从世界大战二次。

2.句法:

英语的基本句型、时态、语态、语气、人称变化、单复数变化、直接引语和间接引语、倒装、主从复合句等。句法离开不了词法,词法也离开不了句法,词法和句法在表达中相互制约、相互作用。

三、英语表达的思维特征

1. 英汉语抽象与具体(抽象名词)1

汉民族的思维是具体、直观的,汉语中尽可能地动用具体的词义来传递思想和信息;英语的思维则是抽象、概括的, 其倾向于使用抽象词义来表达观点,即英语单词的词义多用于抽象, 而汉语则习惯用于具体。由于这两种语言的差别, 在很多时候英语中所包含的单词、词组和句子含义十分抽象, 为方便读者阅读, 消除有可能造成的歧义, 这时候就需要将原本抽象的含义具体化, 确保原文的可读性。将其含义具体化符合事理的逻辑和汉语的表意习惯, 更能给读者一个完整的印象。

如:

Tess sat up in bed, lost in a vague interspace between a dream and this

information.

Tess 1sat up in bed, 2lost in 3a vague interspace between 4a dream and 5this information.

*苔丝从床上坐了起来, 迷失在梦和这个信息的茫然空隙之中。(过于抽象,甚至晦涩到根本不能理解的程度)

*苔丝从床上坐了起来, 一听这个话, 一半朦胧, 一半清醒, 一时不知如何是好。(逻辑错误)

句中包含了5个事件:

1sat up in bed从床上坐了起来

2lost in迷失在之中

3a vague interspace处在……之中

4a dream她在做梦或梦中

5this information她听到消息

按照时空逻辑重新排序为:

4a dream她在做梦或梦中

5this information她听到消息

1sat up in bed从床上坐了起来

2lost in迷失在之中

3a vague interspace 处在……之中

苔丝从床上坐了起来,由于还没睡醒,迷迷糊糊的,所以听了这话,一时也没反应过来是怎么回事。

2. 英语主语突出,汉语主题突出

主题是语用上的概念,而主语是语法上的概念。从对比的角度看,汉语是主题突出的语言,而英语是主语突出的语言。

主题突出的语言是指句子的基本结构是信息单位话题和评说的语言;主语突出的语言是指在该语言里主语和谓语是句子的基本结构,句子中通常都要有主语和谓语。如:

这把刀我以来切肉。With this knife I slice meat.

我用这把刀切肉。I use this knife to slice meat.

切肉我用这把刀。To slice meat I use this knife.

这把刀我切肉用。This knife is used to slice meat (by me).

我这把刀切肉用。I slice meat with this knife.

3. 英语长句,汉语的短句

逻辑顺序,即语序,是英汉语表达时的差异主要差异之一。一般来说英汉语的语言顺序是:

英语语序:先出主语+ 最主要的部分(谓语或宾语或补语), 其他如定语、状语、插入语等不重要的成分再按照语法形式各归其所分别添加上去)。

主要是“主谓(宾)结构”。

汉语语序:先出主语(或宾语)+ 状语+ 最主要的部分(谓语或宾语或补语),

定语成分不管有多少一般都按照其可变性的大小依次放在名词前面。

主要是“主题+述题(说明)”。

More probable is transported by birds, /either externally, /by accidental attachment of the seeds to feathers, /or internally, /by the swallowing of fruit and subsequent excretion of the seeds.

*更可能的是被鸟类运输,要么外部,通过偶然的羽毛对种子的黏附,要么内部,通过水果的吞食和随后的排泄。

更可能的是由鸟类运输,要么是通过外部途径,即由于种子偶然黏附在羽毛上;要么是通过内部的方式,即由于鸟类吞食果子并将种子排泄出来。

4. 英语的被动,汉语的主动

主动与被动体现主语和谓语动词之间的语法关系。所谓主动,是指行为的发出者在句子里是主语,即施事;而被动是指充当句子主语的是某一行为作用的对象,即受事。

5. 英语的静态,汉语的动态

静态表达是英语中最常见的现象

The doctor arrived extremely quickly and examined the patient uncommonly carefully; the result was that he recovered very speedily.

The doctor’s extremely quick arrival and uncommonly careful examination of the patient brought about his very speedy recovery.

医生迅速到达,并非常仔细地检查了病人,因此病人很快就康复了。

6. 主体意识和客体意识

西方主张的是理性,前提是将客体与主体分离,对事物进行理性的分析思考和判断,从而形成概念;中国人主张主体(人)参与和溶入自然界,去感受和领悟世间万物。这两种不同的思维方式势必会使言语的形式产生差异。如英语的无灵主语句(it主语、时间/地点主语、there + be结构)、被动句(比汉语多)、名词(物)化主语句(包含宾语名词化)、含有一个名词的短语动词、等。

主体指的是有认识和实践能力的人;客体指主体以外的客观事物,是主体认识和实践的对象。主体意识是指在意识上强调以主体为主,以人为本;客体意识指在意识上强调以客体为主。英语以客体为主,而汉语以主体为主。

1)The thought of returning filled him with fear.

想到回去让他心里充满了恐惧。

想到回去让他感到非常害怕。

想到还要回去,他害怕极了。

一想到还要回去,他心里就害怕。

2)During the meeting there were many silences.

会议期间,有很多次大家都没说话。

3)We were misled by the extravagances of the travel brochure.

旅游指南夸张不实,我们上当受骗了。

7. 语法分析与理解

Had she found Jane in any apparent danger, Mrs. Bennet would have been very miserable; but being satisfied on seeing her, that her illness was not alarming, she had no wish of her recovering immediately, as her restoration to health would probably remove her from Netherfield. She would not listen therefore to her daughter's proposal of being carried home;neither did the apothecary, who arrived about the same time, think it at all advisabl e.After sitting a little while with Jane, on Miss Bingley's appearance and invitation,the mother and three daughters all attended her into the breakfast parlor. Bingley met them with hopes that Mrs. Bennet had not found Miss Bennet worse than she expected.

如果班奈特太太发现简真的会有什么危险的话,那么她真的会很难过了。但是看到简的病并没那么严重,她也就高兴了起来,因此也就不希望简马上康复,因为,一旦康复了,她就很可能得离开内瑟菲尔德了。所以,她女儿提出要她带自己回家时,她听也不听。况且那位差不多和她同时赶到的医生,也认为最好不要回去。她们陪简坐了一会儿,宾利小姐便来请她们吃早饭,于是母亲和三个女儿便随着宾利小姐一块儿来到了餐厅。见到她们过来时,宾利先生说,希望班奈特太太看到了班奈特小姐的病没有她想象中的那么严重。

四、英语构词法

英语单词一般是由词缀和词根构成的。

ac, fact, fect, fic,f ig=make, do, 表示“做,制作”

facile a 容易做的(fac+ile能…的)

facilitate v 使容易(fac+ilitale能够→使能够做→使容易)

facility n 便利;便利设备(容易让人做事)

factor n 要素;动力(fact+or→促使人做的东西→要素;动力)

benefactor n 捐助者;恩人(bene好+fact+or→做好事的人)

benefaction n 善事;恩惠(bene好+fact+ion)

malefaction n 罪恶,犯罪(male坏+fact+ion)

facsimile n 复写,传真(fac+simile相同→做出相同的东西→传真)

faction n 宗派,小集团(fact+ion→[一帮人]做→小集团)

factious a 搞派别的(faction的形容词)

factitious a 人为的,不自然的(fact +itious…的→做出来的,不自然的)manufacture a 制造(业)(manu手+fact+ure→手做→制造业(机器发明前用手做))前用的手做))

affect v 影响;感动(af使+fect→使人做→影响)

affected a 受感动的;假装的(affect 影响+ed→被影响的→被感动的)affection n 感情;友情(affect+ion→感动→感情)

affectation n 假装(affect+ation→做出的感动→假装)

affectionate a 充满感情的(affection 感情+ate)

affective a 令人感动的(affect感动+ive表示主动的形容词→令人感动的)confection n 糖果(con共同+fect+ion→混在一起→糖果)

confectionery n 糖果店(confection糖果+ery→糖果店)

defect n 缺点,缺陷;变节(de坏+fect→做坏了→缺陷)

defection n 叛党,变节(de坏+fect→做坏事→叛党)

disaffect a 使…感情疏远;不满(dis分开+affect感情→感情分开→疏远)

disaffected a 不满的;背离的(disaffect+ed)

effect v 实施;生效;效果(ef出+fect→做出来→生效;效果)

effective v 有效的(effect +ive)

effectuate v 使…有效(effect+uate表示动词)

infect v 传染;感化(in进入+fact→做进去→传染进去)

infection n 传染;感化(infect+ion)

infectious a 传染性的(infect+ious)

perfect a 完美的;完全的(per全部+fect→全部做完→完美的)

perfection n 完全;完美(perfect+ion)

sacrifice v 牺牲n. 牺牲品(sacri神圣+fice→为神做的东西→牺牲品)efficacy n 功效,功能(ef出+fic+acy→做出来的结果→功效)

efficacious a 有效应的(efficacy.y 变成I,再加ous)

efficient a (做事)有效的(ef出+fic+ent→能做出事来→有效率的)proficient a 精通的,熟练的(pro前+fic+ient→以前做过→熟练的)proficiency n 精通,熟练(pro+fic+inecy)

suffice v 使满足,充足(suf在下面+fice→在下面先做好→充足)

sufficient a 足够的,充分的(suffice+inet)

profit n 利润;利益(pro前+fit[=fict]→先做的好处→利益)

profitable a 有利润的(profit+able)

fiction n 虚构;小说(fict+ion→做出的故事→小说)

fictitious a 虚构的(fict+itious)

feat n 功绩,事业(feat=fact做大事→功绩)

feature n 面貌;特征(feat+ure→做事的状态→做事特征)

feasible a 可行的;可能的(feas做+ible→能够做的→可行的)malfeasance n 不法行为(mal坏+feas+ance→做坏事)

defeat v 打败,摧毁(de向下+fea t→做下去→打下去)

defeatism n 失败主义(defeat +ism)

figment n 虚构的事物(fig+ment→做出的东西→虚构)

figure n 形象,人物(fig+ure →做出的状态→形象)

transfigure v 使变形;使改观(trans改变+figure形状)

configuration n 结构;形状;配置(con共同+figure形象+ion→形象放在一起→总结构)

fashion n 时髦,风气(fash[=fac 做]+ion→做出的东西→时髦)

fashionable a 时髦的,流行的(fashion+able)

大学英语语法(英语专业必看)

1.Noun Identify the uncountable nouns ? 1. Nouns that have no distinct, separate parts, we look as the whole (气、液、固体) ? 2. Nouns that have parts that are too small or insignificant to count (sand grass hair) ? 3. Nouns that are classes or categories of things (food, clothing, money) P49 ? 4. Nouns that are abstraction (life, work, music) ? 5. Subjects of study (history, math) 不可数变可数三大规律 ? 1. 物质名词(总称名词)若表示不同的种类,或者表示特定的意思,或者是液体名词表示“几杯”或“几瓶”这样的数量时。 ? 2. 抽象名词若是具体化,则可数。与此相反,可数转化为不可数。 ? 3. 当一个名词表示抽象、总称的概念,则为不可数,当一个名词表示具体、特定的事物,则为可数。 物质名词/总称名词变可数 ? 1. 总称名词具体化 ?A: Would you like a cake? ?B: No. I don’t like cake. ? 2. 物质名词变意思 ?I need some paper. / I bought a paper. ? 3. 液体物质名词表数量 ?Two beers and three coffees, please. 抽象名词变可数 ?Art (an art) / beauty (a beauty) / youth (a youth) ?Eg. 1. Youth is not a time of life. It is a state of mind. ? 2. When as a child I laughed and wept– time crept. ?When as a youth I dreamed and talked-time walked. 2Articles Specific reference--the ? 1. 特指是针对交际双方来说的 ? 2. 特指就是根据说话者和听话者共有的知识,或根据上下文,可以识别的事物。 ? 3. 说话者用the是想要听话者找到双方心中都知道的所知,而听话者一方“断定”或“还原”所指对象的方法有多种。 ? 1. Situational/cultural reference ?Eg. Albert Einstein, the famous physicist. ? 2. textual co-reference— ?anaphoric reference (前指)& ?cataphoric reference (后指 ? 1. general knowledge (the sun, the moon, the North Pole, the Equator, the universe, the Renaissance, the Pope 罗马教皇) ? 2. specific knowledge/ local use (let’s go to the library) ? 3. immediate situation (The roses are very beautiful. Can you find the page?)

英语语法专业术语表达

英语语法专业术语表达 英语语法语语语语表达 1. Morphology 语法 2,Notional Words 语语语3, Form Words 虚语 4,Parts of Speech 语语 5,The Noun 名语 6,The Pronoun 代语 7,The Numeral 数语 8,The Verb 语语 9,The Adjective 形容语 10. The Adverb 副语 11. The Article 冠语 12. The Preposition 介语 13. The conjunction 语语 14. The Interjection 感语语15. The Particle 小品语 16. Word Building 构语法17. Conversion 语化 18. Derivation 派生 19. Composition 合成 20. Prefix 前语 21. Suffix 后语 22. Compound Words 合成语23. Classification of Nouns 名语的分语

24. Common Nouns 普通名语 25. Proper Nouns 语有名语26. Countable Nouns 可名语数27. Uncountable Nouns 不可名语数28. The Singular Form 语形式数29. The Plural Form 语形式数 30. Individual Nouns个体名语31. Collective Nouns集名语体32. Material Nouns物语名语33. Abstract Nouns抽象名语34. The Common Case普通格35. The Possessive Case所有格36, Personal Pronouns 人代语称37. Possessive Pronouns物主代语38. Self Pronouns反身代语39. Demonstrative Pronouns指示代语40. Interrogative Pronouns疑语代语不意达41. Conjunctive Pronouns语接代语42. Relative Pronouns语系代语43. Indefinite Pronouns不定代语44. Reciprocal Pronouns相互代语45. The Subjective Case主格46. The Objective Case语格47. Cardinal Numerals基语数48. Ordinal Numerals 序语数49. Fractional Numerals分语数50,Notional Verbs语意语语 51. Link Verbs语系语语 52. Auxiliary Verbs助语语 53. Modal Verbs情语语语 54. Transitive Verbs及物语语 55. Intransitive Verbs不及物语语56. Regular Verbs语语语语 57. Irregular Verbs不语语语语 58. Person人称 59. Number数 60. Tense语语 61. Voice语语 62. Mood语气

(完整版)英语语法专业术语

英语语法专业术语 语法grammar 句法syntax 词法morphology 结构structure 层次rank 句子sentence 从句clause 词组phrase 词类part of speech 单词word 实词notional word 虚词structural word 名词noun 专有名词proper noun 普通名词common noun 可数名词countable noun 不可数名词uncountable no 抽象名词abstract noun 具体名词concrete noun 物质名词material noun 集体名词collective noun 个体名词individual noun 介词preposition 连词conjunction 动词verb 主动词main verb 及物动词transitive verb 不及物动词intransitive verb 系动词link verb 助动词auxiliary verb 情态动词modal verb 规则动词regular verb 不规则动词irregular verb 短语动词phrasal verb 限定动词finite verb 非限定动词infinite verb 使役动词causative verb 感官动词verb of senses

动态动词event verb 静态动词state verb 感叹词exclamation 形容词adjective 副词adverb 方式副词adverb of manner 程度副词adverb of degree 时间副词adverb of time 地点副词adverb of place 修饰性副词adjunct 连接性副词conjunct 疑问副词interrogative adverb 关系副词relative adverb 代词pronoun 人称代词personal pronoun 物主代词possessive pronoun 反身代词reflexive pronoun 相互代词reciprocal pronoun 指示代词demonstrative pronoun 疑问代词interrogative pronoun 关系代词relative pronoun 不定代词indefinite 物主代词possessive pronoun 名词性物主代词nominal possessive 形容词性物主代词adjectival possessive pronoun 冠词article 定冠词definite article 不定冠词indefinite article 数词numeral 基数词cardinal numeral 序数词ordinal numeral 分数词fractional numeral 形式form 单数形式singular form 复数形式plural form 限定动词finite verb form 非限定动词non-finite verb form

大学英语语法及练习

大学英语语法及练习 Last updated at 10:00 am on 25th December 2020

大学英语语法及练习 第一讲虚拟语气 I. 考点分析:分四级语法复习 虚拟语气是动词的特殊形式,用来表达说话人的意愿、建议、请求、意图、惊奇、设想等未能或不可能成为事实的情况,以及在说话人看来实现的可能性很小的情况。 虚拟语气是非常重要的语法考点。考查历届四级试题,我们发现与虚拟语气有关的考题每次至少2题,有时甚至3-4题。虚拟语气的考查要点有: 1. 虚拟语气的形式:分清虚拟时间和主从句的动词形式十分重要,因此我们把所有虚拟语气的不同类型列表归纳并进行对比,以便于同学们记忆掌握。

2. 要注意从句中第一/三人称的过去式was用were代替。 例如:If I were invited, I would come. If she were not ill, she could do a lot of things. 3. if条件句中如谓语动词是were, had, should, could时,可以省略if, 把它们前置。

例如: Had my father a lot of money, he would send me abroad. Could I do it, I would surely do it. Should the Black Death reappear, what should we do?(万一黑死病再次出现,我们该怎么办) 4. 错综时间的条件句是难点,如99年1月第60题: If I hadn’t stood under the ladder to catch you when you fell, you wouldn’t be smiling now.(从句用过去完成时,主句用现在进行时) 又如:If I were you, I would have gone to the film last night.(从句虚拟现在,主句虚拟过去);If we hadn’t got everything ready by now, we should be having a terrible time tomorrow.(从句虚拟过去,主句虚拟将来); If the weather had been more favorable, the crops would be growing still better.(从句虚拟过去,主句虚拟现在) 5. 虚拟句的另一难点是省略if条件句的含蓄条件句,如: I would have written the paper before, but I have been ill.(=If I had not been ill, I would have written the paper before.); A true friend would have acted differently. (=A friend, if he had been true, would have acted differently.) 6. 注意介词短语 without, but for, in the absence等表示虚拟条件。

最新英语语法专业术语整理

英语语法专业术语 本次听写要求:挑选部分英语术语打在PPT上,学生按序号写出相应中文术语。(一)词类part of speech 实词notional word ['n?u??n?l] 虚词structural word/ form word (e.g. article preposition conjunction interjection) 派生词derivative [di'riv?tiv, d?'riv?tiv] 复合词compound ['k?mpaund,k?m'paund] 词性part of speech 名词noun 专有名词proper noun 普通名词common noun 可数名词countable noun 不可数名词uncountable noun 单数形式singular form 复数形式plural form ['plu?r?l, 'plur?l] 抽象名词abstract noun [?b'str?kt,'?bstr?kt] 具体名词concrete noun ['k?nkri:t] 物质名词material noun 集体名词collective noun 个体名词individual noun 动词verb 主动词main verb 及物动词transitive verb ['tr?nsitiv, 'tr?ns?tiv] 不及物动词intransitive verb [in'tr?nsitiv, in'tr?ns?tiv] 系动词link verb 助动词auxiliary verb [?:g'zilj?ri] 情态动词modal verb 规则动词regular verb 不规则动词irregular verb 短语动词phrasal verb ['freizl, 'freiz?l] 限定动词finite verb ['fainait] 非限定动词infinite verb ['infinit, 'inf?nit] 使役动词causative verb ['k?:z?tiv] 感官动词verb of senses 动态动词event verb 静态动词state verb 形容词adjective 比较等级degrees of comparison ☆原级positive degree ☆比较级comparative degree

英语语法术语汇总

BE-subjunctive be-型虚拟式 object complement 宾语补语 noun phrase of amount or quantity 表示数量概念的名词词组 infinitive 不定式full sentence完全句headword中心词 dynamic verb 动态动词cleft sentence 分裂句main clause主句 nominative absolute construction 独立主格结构direct object 直接宾语 present perfective progressive 现在完成进行体subject complement主语补语 predicate verb 谓语动词determiner限定词ordinal numeral序数词 verbless clause 无动词分句finite verb phrase限定动词词组 possessive pronoun 物主代词gender性main verb 主动词 antecedent先行项subjunctive mood 虚拟式irregular verb 不规则动词root 词根demonstrative pronoun指示代词 semi-auxiliary 半助动词compound complex

sentence 并列复杂句 passive voice 被动态coordinate construction 并列结构 comparative clause 比较分句 indefinite pronoun 不定代词 intransitive verb不及物动词vocabulary词汇bound morpheme粘附词素 uncountable noun不可数名词morpheme词素central determiner中位限定词 indicative mood 陈述式affix 词缀proper noun专有名词 abstract noun 抽象名词phrasal verb 词组动词 notional concord 意义一致原则auxiliary助动词active voice主动态 open class 开放词类linking verb 连系动词historical present 历史性现在时conjunction 连词 unit noun 单位名词reflexive pronoun 反身代词 second person 第二人称unemphatic use非强调性用法 definite article 定冠词basic clause type分句基本

大学英语三级语法知识总结汇总

三级语法考点归纳 一.虚拟语气 1. if 句中虚拟形式 if 引导的非真实条件句(纯粹假设或发生的可能性不大): 条件从句主句 与现在相反 did (be were) would/ should/ might/ could do 与将来相反 did (be were) would/ should/ might/ could do 与过去相反 had done would/ should/ might/ could have done 例句 If we left (leave) now, we should arrive in time. If they hadn’t gone on vacation, their house wouldn’t have been broken (break) into. 2. 原形虚拟: a. 表命令、决定、要求、建议等词语之后的that-分句中,用动词原形。 suggest, demand, advise, propose, order, arrange, insist, command, require, request, desire …… that +(should) do 例如 He suggested that we should leave early. My suggestion is that we should tell him. b. It is (was) 形容词/名词that …… (should) do/ 例如 It is absolutely essential that all the facts be examined first. 3. 一些句型中的虚拟形式:

英语语法专业术语新

英语语法专业术语 语法 grammar 句法 syntax 词法 morphology 结构 structure 层次 rank 句子 sentence 从句 clause 词组 phrase 词类 part of speech 单词 word 实词 notional word 虚词 structural word 名词 noun 专有名词 proper noun 普通名词 common noun 可数名词 countable noun 不可数名词 uncountable no 抽象名词 abstract noun 具体名词 concrete noun 物质名词 material noun 集体名词 collective noun 个体名词 individual noun 介词 preposition 连词 conjunction 动词 verb 主动词 main verb 及物动词 transitive verb 不及物动词 intransitive verb 系动词 link verb 助动词 auxiliary verb 情态动词 modal verb 规则动词 regular verb 不规则动词 irregular verb 短语动词 phrasal verb 限定动词 finite verb 非限定动词 infinite verb 使役动词 causative verb 感官动词 verb of senses 动态动词 event verb 静态动词 state verb 感叹词 exclamation 形容词 adjective

副词 adverb 方式副词 adverb of manner 程度副词 adverb of degree 时间副词 adverb of time 地点副词 adverb of place 修饰性副词 adjunct 连接性副词 conjunct 疑问副词 interrogative adverb 关系副词 relative adverb 代词 pronoun 人称代词 personal pronoun 物主代词 possessive pronoun 反身代词 reflexive pronoun 相互代词 reciprocal pronoun 指示代词 demonstrative pronoun 疑问代词 interrogative pronoun 关系代词 relative pronoun 不定代词 indefinite 物主代词 possessive pronoun 名词性物主代词 nominal possessive 形容词性物主代词 adjectival possessive pronoun 冠词 article 定冠词 definite article 不定冠词 indefinite article 数词 numeral 基数词 cardinal numeral 序数词 ordinal numeral 分数词 fractional numeral 形式 form 单数形式 singular form 复数形式 plural form 限定动词 finite verb form 非限定动词 non-finite verb form 原形 base form 从句 clause 从属句 subordinate clause 并列句 coordinate clause 名词从句 nominal clause 定语从句 attributive clause 状语从句 adverbial clause 宾语从句 object clause 主语从句 subject clause 同位语从句 appositive clause 时间状语从句 adverbial clause of time 地点状语从句 adverbial clause of place

英语语法1术语汇总

BE-subjunctive be-型虚拟式object complement 宾语补语 noun phrase of amount or quantity 表示数量概念的名词词组 infinitive 不定式full sentence完全句headword中心词dynamic verb 动态动词cleft sentence 分裂句main clause主句nominative absolute construction 独立主格结构direct object 直接宾语present perfective progressive现在完成进行体subject complement主语补语predicate verb 谓语动词determiner限定词ordinal numeral序数词verbless clause 无动词分句finite verb phrase限定动词词组 possessive pronoun 物主代词gender性main verb 主动词 antecedent先行项subjunctive mood 虚拟式 irregular verb 不规则动词root 词根demonstrative pronoun指示代词semi-auxiliary 半助动词compound complex sentence 并列复杂句passive voice 被动态coordinate construction 并列结构comparative clause 比较分句indefinite pronoun 不定代词 intransitive verb不及物动词vocabulary词汇bound morpheme粘附词素uncountable noun不可数名词morpheme词素central determiner中位限定词indicative mood 陈述式affix 词缀proper noun专有名词 abstract noun 抽象名词phrasal verb 词组动词 notional concord 意义一致原则auxiliary助动词active voice主动态 open class 开放词类linking verb 连系动词 historical present 历史性现在时conjunction 连词 unit noun 单位名词reflexive pronoun 反身代词 second person 第二人称unemphatic use非强调性用法 definite article 定冠词basic clause type分句基本类型 fractional numeral分数词closed class封闭词类 generic reference 类指derivative noun 派生名词 old English古英语complex sentence复杂句 relative clause 关系分句adverb phrase 副词词组 function word 功能词compound word复合词 countable noun 可数名词genitive noun 名词属格 article 冠词notional subject实义主语interjection 感叹词regular plural 规则复数transitive verb 及物动词 past perfective progressive 过去完成进行体mood 语气 implied conditional 含蓄条件句suffix后缀feminine gender阴性collective noun集体名词post-determiner后位限定词 indirect object 间接宾语principle of proximity就近原则 primary auxiliary 基本助动词sentence 句子 concord一致voice 语态common gender通性 question 疑问句base form原形SVOC主—动—宾—补结构imperative mood 祈使式predeterminer前位限定词 inflectional affix 屈折词缀number数voice态 personal pronoun 人称代词double genitive 双重属格 tense 时mood式ditransitive verb双宾语及物动词

教师资格证英语语法专业术语

语法grammar 句法syntax 结构structure 句子sentence 从句clause 词组phrase 词类part of speech 单词word 实词notional word 虚词structural word 单纯词simple word 派生词derivative 复合词compound 词性part of speech 名词noun 专有名词proper noun 普通名词common noun 可数名词countable noun 不可数名词uncountable noun 抽象名词abstract noun 具体名词concret noun 物质名词material noun 集体名词collective noun 个体名词individual noun 介词preposition 连词conjunction 动词verb 及物动词transitive verb 不及物动词intransitive verb 系动词link verb 助动词auxiliary verb 情态动词modal verb 规则动词regular verb 不规则动词irregular verb 限定动词finite verb 非限定动词infinite verb 使役动词causative verb 感官动词verb of senses 感叹词exclamation 形容词adjective 副词adverb 方式副词adverb of manner 程度副词adverb of degree 时间副词adverb of time 地点副词adverb of place 关系副词relative adverb 代词pronoun 人称代词personal pronoun 物主代词possessive pronoun 反身代词reflexive pronoun 指示代词demonstrative pronoun 疑问代词interrogative pronoun 关系代词relative pronoun 不定代词indefinite pronoun 物主代词possessive pronoun 名词性物主代词nominal possessive pronoun 形容词性物主代词adjectival possessive pronoun 冠词article 定冠词definite article 不定冠词indefinite article 形式form 单数形式singular form 复数形式plural form 原形base form 从句clause 从属句subordinate clause 并列句coordinate clause 名词从句nominal clause 定语从句attributive clause 状语从句adverbial clause 宾语从句object clause 主语从句subject clause 同位语从句appositive clause 时间状语从句adverbial clause of time 地点状语从句adverbial clause of place 方式状语从句adverbial clause of manner 让步状语从句adverbial clause of concession 原因状语从句adverbial clause of cause 结果状语从句adverbial clause of result 目的状语从句adverbial clause of purpose 条件状语从句adverbial clause of condition 句子sentence 简单句simple sentence 并列句compound sentence 复合句complex sentence 并列复合句compound complex sentence 陈述句declarative sentence

大学英语三级语法知识总结汇总

三级语法考点归纳 一. 虚拟语气 1. if 句中虚拟形式 if 引导的非真实条件句(纯粹假设或发生的可能性不大) 条件 与现在相反 与将来相反 与过去相反 done 例句 If we left (leave) now, we should arrive in time. If they hadn ' t gone on vacation, their house wouldn 2. 原形虚拟: a. 表命令、决定、要求、建议等词语之后的that-分句中,用动词原形。 suggest, dema nd, advise, propose, order, arran ge, in sist, comma nd, require, request, desire that (should) do 例女口 He suggested that we should leave early. My suggesti on is that we should tell him. b. It is (was)形容词 /名词 that ......... (should) do/ 例女口 It is absolutely essential that all the facts be examined first. 3. 一些句型中的虚拟形式: 1. It ' s (high, about, the first, etc.) time (that)词过去时 … … 例如 It ' s time we left. 2 would rather/so oner as if/ though would rather/sooner 反 as if/ though 4?练习 1. I _______ t ry it agai n if I ______ you. A. will ; am B. should; am would ; had been 2. If it _______ n ot for the water , the pla nts _ A. were ; would not B. is ; could not could not 3. If I school. A. have not had; could not become 从句 did (be > were) did (be * were) had done 主句 would/ should/ might/ could do would/ should/ might/ could do would/ should/ might/ could have 't have been broken (break) into. 例女口 It is time we went to bed. 宁愿 好像 谓语用过去时 与现在或者将来相 谓语用过去完成时 与过去相反 C. would ; were D. live. C. were ; could D. did ; that chanee to show my ability, I the preside nt of this B. had not had ; would not have

英语语法专业术语表达

英语语法专业术语表达( The Noun 名词 The Pronoun 代词 The Numeral 数词 The Verb 动词 The Adjective 形容词 The Adverb 副词 The Article 冠词 The Preposition 介词 The conjunction 连词 The Interjection 感叹词Classification of Nouns 名词的分类Common Nouns 普通名词 Proper Nouns 专有名词Countable Nouns 可数名词Uncountable Nouns 不可数名词The Singular Form 单数形式 The Plural Form 复数形式Individual Nouns个体名词Collective Nouns集体名词

Material Nouns物质名词Abstract Nouns抽象名词 The Possessive Case所有格Personal Pronouns 人称代词Possessive Pronouns物主代词Self Pronouns反身代词Demonstrative Pronouns指示代词Interrogative Pronouns疑问代词Conjunctive Pronouns连接代词Relative Pronouns关系代词Indefinite Pronouns不定代词 The Subjective Case主格 The Objective Case宾格Cardinal Numerals基数词Ordinal Numerals 序数词Fractional Numerals分数词Notional Verbs实意动词 Link Verbs 连系动词 Auxiliary Verbs助动词 Modal Verbs情态动词 Transitive Verbs及物动词Intransitive Verbs不及物动词

英语语法专业术语表达

active voice 主动语态,passive voice被动语态, absolute construction独立结构, adjective 形容词,adverd 副词,noun名词, verb动词, artical冠词, determiner限定词,quantifier量词,numeral数词, subject主语, object宾语,adverbial状语,attributive定语,complement补语,predicative表语,appositive同位语,infinitive不定式, -ing participle-ing分词, -Ed participle -ed分词,finite clause 限定从属分句,non-finitive clause非限定分句,inversion倒装,adverbial clause状语从句,subject clause主语从句,relative clause/attributive clause定语(关系)从句,从句也可以用clause as subject/object/来表示主语从句、宾语从句 时态:tense语态:voice单数:singular form复数:plural form 主谓一致:agreement of subject and verb 定语从句:attributive clause 名词性从句: noun clause 状语从句:adverbial clause 虚拟语气:subjunctive mood 冠词:article代词:pronoun形容词和副词:adjective & adverb 动词和动词词组:verbs & verb phrase 非谓语动词:Non-Predicate Verbs / Non-Finite verbs

大学英语语法大全-太经典了

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