英语常见情态动词can will may must need will 的用法

英语常见情态动词can will may must need will 的用法
英语常见情态动词can will may must need will 的用法

八年级情态动词的用法

一、can 的用法:

(1) 表示能力。

表示能力时一般译为“能、会”,即有某种能力,尤其是生来具备的能力,此时may 和must 均不可代替它。例如:He can swim fast, but I can’t. 她能游得很快,但我不能。

She can see with my eyes. 我用眼睛看。

(2) 表示许可,常在口语中。例如:You can use my dictionary. 你可以用我的字典。

(3) 表示推测。

表示推测时,意为“可能”,常用于否定句和疑问句中,此时can’t 译为“不可能”。例如:Can the news be true? 这个消息会是真的吗?

— Can the man be our teacher?那个人有可能是我们老师吗?

— No, he can’t be our teacher. Our teacher is on a visit to the Great Wall.

不可能。咱们老师正在游览长城呢。

二、could的用法:

(1)can的过去式,意为“能、会”,表示过去的能力。

例如:He could write poems when he was 10. 他十岁时就会写诗。

(2)could在疑问句中,表示委婉的语气,此时could 没有过去式的意思。

例如:Could you do me a favour? 你能帮我个忙吗?

— Could I use your ruler? 我能用一下你的钢笔吗?

—Yes, you can.可以。

三、may的用法:

(1) 表示请求、许可,比can 正式。例如:

May I borrow your book? 我可以借你的自行车吗?You may go home now. 现在你可以回家了。

(2) 表示推测,谈论可能性,意为“可能,或许”,一般用于肯定句中。例如:

It may rain tomorrow. 明天可能会下雨。

He may be at home. 她可能在家呢.

(3) may的过去式为might,表示推测时,可能性低于may。例如:

She is away from school. she might be sick.

他离开学校了,可能是他生病了。

(4) 表示希望、祈求、祝愿,常可译为“祝愿”。通常是用may +主+动词。例如:May you have a good time. 祝你过得愉快。

May you be happy! 祝你幸福!

May you succeed! 祝你成功!

四、must的用法:

(1) must 表示主观看法,意为“必须、一定”。例如:

You must stay here until I come back.在我回来之前你必须待在这儿。

Must I hand in my homework right now? 我必须现在交作业吗?

(2) 其否定形式mustn’t表示“一定不要” “千万别”“禁止,不许”。例如:

You mustn’t play with fire. 你不许玩火。

You mustn’t be late. 你一定不要迟到。

(3) 对must引导的疑问句,肯定回答为must,否定回答为needn’t 或don’t have to。例如:— Must I finish my homework? 我现在必须完成作业吗?

—No, you needn’t.不,你不必。

(4) must表示有把握的推测,用于肯定句。例如:

The light is on, so he must be at home now. 灯亮着,他现在肯定在家。

注意:反意疑问句的构成形式:

当must表示肯定的判断、推测时,其反意疑问句要用实际问句的助动词来构成。例如:She must have seen the film before, hasn’t she? (注意反意疑问句的后半部分)

You must have met uncle Wang in the shop yesterday, didn’t you? (注意反意疑问句的后半部分)

五、need的用法:

(1) need 表示需要、必须,主要用于否定句和疑问句中,其否定形式为needn’t,意为“没有必要,不必”。用need 提问时,肯定回答为must,否定回答为needn’t或don’t have to。例如:

— Need I stay here any longer? 我还有必要留在这儿吗?

— Yes, you must. 是的。

—No, you needn’t /don’t have to. 不,你不必。

(2) need 还可以作实义动词,此时有人称、数和时态的变化,如果是人作主语,后边多接动词不定式。例如:

I need to do it right now. 我需要马上做这件事。

He needs to learn more about the girl.他需要多了解那个女孩。

如果是物作主语,一般用need doing 与need to be done。这种情况应注意两点:

1) 主动形式的动名词doing具有被动的含义;

2) 该动名词可以改为其动词不定式的被动形式而句子的意义不变。例如:

The door needs painting. = The door needs to be painted. 那扇门需要油漆一下。

Your car needs mending. = Your car needs to be repaired. 你的车需要维修了。

六、shall 的用法:

shall表示征求对方意见(多用于第一、三人称),例如:

Shall we go out for a walk? 我们出去散步好吗?

七、should的用法:

(1) should 意为“应该”,可表示劝告、建议、义务、责任等。例如:

We should protect the environment. 我们应该保护环境。

(2) should have done 表示对过去动作的责备、批评。例如:

You should have finished your homework.

你应该已经完成作业了。(事实上你没有完成。)

八、will 的用法:

will表示意愿、意志、打算,可用于多种人称。例如:

I will help you if I’m free this afternoon.今天下午如果我有空,我就会帮你。

II、情态动词易混点归纳

易混点一:can和be able to

两者表示能力时用法相同,但can只有原形“can”和过去式“could”两种形式,在其他时态中要用be able to 来表示。另外be able to常常指经过努力,花费了时间和劳力之后才能做到某事。例如:

Jim can’t speak English.吉姆不会说英语。

He could speak English at the age of 5. 他五岁时就会说英语。

We’ll be able to see him next week.下星期我们将会见到他。

He has been able to drive. 他已经会开车了。

I’m sure you’ll be able to finish it quickly.我相信你能迅速地完成。

We were able to reach the top of the mountain at noon.我们能在中午到达山顶。

易混点二:can和may

1. can 和may 均可用来征求意见或许可,意为“可以”,一般可互换使用。例如:

Can / May I help you? 我能帮助你吗?

2. can 和may 表示可能性时的区别:

1) 在肯定句中用might,may,must,不用can。

2) 在疑问句中表示推测用can,不用might,may,must。

3) 在否定句中用can’t(不可能),不用may,must。例如:

She may be in the classroom. 她可能在教室里。

Where can they be now? 他们现在可能在哪儿?

That can’t be true. 那不可能是真的。

易混点三:can’t 和mustn’t

1. can’t 根据其基本用法可译为:

(1) 不会。例如:I can’t speak English. 我不会说英语。

(2) 不能。例如:We can’t do it now because it’s too dark.天太黑了,我们现在干不了。

(3)否定句中表示推测,意为“不可能”。

例如:The man can’t be our teacher because he is much younger than our teacher.那个人不可能是咱们老师,他年轻得多。

2. mustn’t 意为“禁止、不许”,用来表达命令,表示强烈的语气。例如:You mustn’t play football in the street. It’s too dangerous.你不可以在街上踢足球,太危险了。

易混点四:must 和have to

1.must 侧重于个人意志和主观上的必要。have to 侧重于客观上的必要,可用于现在时、过去时和将来时。

例如:I know I must study hard. 我知道我必须努力学习。

My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the mid-night.我弟弟病得厉害,我

只得半夜里把医生请来。

I haven’t got any money with me, so I’ll have to borrow some from my friend.我身上没带

钱,只好向朋友借点了。

He said they must work hard.他说他们必须努力工作。

2.have to可以用于多种时态;而must只用于一般现在或将来。

例如:The composition is due to hand in this morning, so I had to finish it last night.

作文今天早晨到期,因此我不得不昨天晚上完成。

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