大学英语1一周一练a5
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178 Model Test (5)
Key to Model Test (5) Band One
Part I. Understanding Sentences
Key: Section A: BABAB Section B: AACBA ABBAA CBCAB
Part II. Understanding Conversations
Key: Section A: DCCBA CAB
Section B: CCDADCD
SectionA
1. W: Peter said that he was going to buy a sports car.
M: Don’t be so sure. He once told me that he had bought a big house. Yet he is still
sharing an apartment with Mark.
Q: What does the man imply?
[解析] D. 观点态度题。Don’t be so sure意思是告诉对方不要太肯定Peter说的话。然
后举例子说明Peter的话不可靠，“他曾告诉我他买了大房子，但实际上仍跟人合住一
个公寓”，所以答案为D。
2. M: How do you like the new professor who took the place of Dr. Brown?
W: He may not seem as talented or as thorough as Dr. Brown, but at least he is pa-
tient with students.
Q: What can we infer from the woman’s answer?
[解析] C. 观点态度题。两人对话涉及到两个教授天赋、性格的对比。女士提到了新教
授至少对学生耐心这一事实，正确的选项C就是从这个对比推理出来的。
3. M: Oh, I think we left that road map at the hotel. Do you know how to get to the mu-
seum?
W: No, I don’t. But now that we haven’t gone very far, we might as well just turn round.
Q: What will the speakers probably do?
[解析] C. 行为活动题。解题的关键是从客观条件we haven’t gone very far，推断出行
动选择Go back to the hotel for the map，所以答案为C。turn round意为“回转，转
向”。
4. W: I’ve bee n having trouble with my term paper. Would it be convenient to see you
today?
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Band One
M: I’m afraid not, Jenny. But tomorrow my office hours last from 10:00 to noon.
Q: What is the probable relationship between the two speakers?
[解析] B. 人物关系题。解题的关键是从关键词（term paper, office hours）推断出人
物关系。
5. W: Come on, we’re almost there. I’ll race you to the top of the hill.
M: I’m so out of shape; I might have to crawl the rest of the way.
Q: What can be inferred about the man?
[解析] A. 推理判断题。对话中女士要与男士比赛爬山，男士说：“不行了，我也许得
爬着走完剩余的路” 可推断出他一定是累了，因此答案为A。
6. W: I told my husband to meet me at the Seoul airport at six. Oh, I can almost see the
city from here.
M: Seoul is a nice place. I think you’ll enjoy your visit here.
Q: Where does this conversation most likely take place?
[解析] C. 场景判断题。从对话中airport，I can almost see the city from here.可推断出
对话发生在飞机上，因此答案为C。
7. W: Do you know that John turned down that work offered by a travel agency?
M: Yeah. The hours were convenient, but had he accepted it, he wouldn’t have been a ble to make ends meet.
Q: Why does the man refuse the job?
[解析] A. 事实状况题。本题的关键句是“to make ends meet”表明收支相抵，由此推断
John拒绝这份工作是因为薪水不够高，因此答案为A。
8. W: Professor Thomas’ speech seemed to go forever. I was bare ly able to stay awake.
M: How could you sleep through that? It is important to the research we are going to carry out.
Q: What does the man imply?
[解析] B. 推理判断题。男士说How could you sleep through that?显然是责备对方不应
该睡觉，那就是应该更认真些，即答案为B。
SectionB
Conversation 1
[解析]
1. 细节题。从对话开始可知它发生在Friday evening，因此答案为C。
2. 细节题。对话发生在Paul与Carol之间，Carol说她在香港学习完，花几周游历中
国，然后回日本，因此答案为C。
3. 细节题。Carol说George打算在上海开公司，现在在意大利见服装设计师，由此
推出他开做服装公司，因此答案为D。
4. 推理题。Carol想做饭请George和Sue，但Paul说不用了，不要再做potato sal-
ad，由此推出选项A与此相符。
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Conversation 2
[解析]
5. 细节题。从对话中I hate having my teeth filled. It’s not just the pain I hate. I hate
the sound of drilling.可知，选项D与此相符。选项B，A片面；选项C未提及。
6. 细节题。从对话中了解到人类正在研制种植牙，选项C是正确的。选项A正好与
对话内容相反；选项B，D与对话内容不符。
7. 主旨题。Robert提出一个可能解决牙病的方法，对话围绕他进行，选项D综合概
括了本对话，所以是正确答案。选项A不能全面概括对话，选项B，C未提及。
Part III. Understanding Passages
Key: CAA ABBD
Passage one
Passage Two
Part IV. Spot Dictation
Answer:
1. essential 6. occasion
2. accomplish
7. conveyed
3. purposes
8. objective
4. convince
9. state
5. proper
10. definite
Part V. Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)
1. [答案] Y。本篇文章讲的是奥运会上五种项目的起源、发展。
2. [答案] N。从小标题可知，足球不是最早的奥林匹克运动。最早的应是网球运动，
起始于1896。因此是错误的。
3. [答案] N。见文章第二段的第三句，“Women’s football was introduced at the 1996
Olympic Games，”可知，女子足球被列为奥运会比赛项目的时间是在
1996年的奥运会，但1996年的奥运会不在巴塞罗那举行。1992年的奥运
会是在巴塞罗那举行（见第七段第四句“In Barcelona in 1992，…”）。
4. [答案] Y。见Baske tball–标题下的第二段的最后一句，可判断该句内容是正确
的。
5. [答案] N。见Tennis标题下的第一段的第一句“…he had no idea…”。
6. [答案] N。见Tennis标题下的最后一句，因此是错误的。
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7. [答案] Y。见文章最后一句。
8. [答案] Table tennis。见文章第三段第三句的前半句。
9. [答案] ancient Greece 文章最后一段的倒数第二句。
10. [答案] 1976。见第八段第二句。
Part VI. Error correction
1. 【参考答案】：th at → what
【详细解答】：名词从句中what作了read和study的宾语，而that不能，因此改成
what
2. 【参考答案】：dependent → dependable
【详细解答】：动词depend的两个形容词dependent和dependable含义不同：de-
pendent依靠的, 依赖的, 由?决定的，如dependent children有依赖
性的孩子们；dependable可信任的, 可靠的，如dependable news. 此
句中，One dependent aid that dose help you是指能帮助你的可靠的
办法，需用dependable
3. 【参考答案】：of → for
【详细解答】：have reason for [to do] sth. 是固定词组，意为“有做某事的理由[根
据]”
4. 【参考答案】：in → at
【详细解答】：本题考点是固定词组，at random任意的, 随便的, 漫无目的地
5. 【参考答案】：possible → likely
【详细解答】：possible与likely意思相同，都意为“可能的”，但用法不同。表
达某人有可能做某事，两个词用法分别是：likely常用于sb. is(was)
likely to do sth.句型中；而possible常用在It is(was) possible that sb.
do(did) sth.句型里。与原文吻合的词是likely。
6. 【参考答案】：in → out
【详细解答】：find in供给, 供应(某人衣、食、费用等)；find out发现, 找出；查
明，如通过观察或询问查明（某事），例如：
I found out the phone number by looking it up. If you’re not sure,
find out.
原文意思是买书的原因是要查明书中所讲的事情发展怎样了，用
out。
7. 【参考答案】：how → that / in which
【详细解答】：根据句意，the way后面是定语从句，不该用关系副词how引导，而应用that或着介词in加which。在口语中或其他非正式场合，that
182 Model Test (5)
有时可用来代替关系副词或相当于关系副词的“介词＋which”结
构，有时也可省略。例如：
I don’t like the way (that) (=in which) he talks.
The reason that (=why) you were absent is groundless.
8. 【参考答案】：occur → happen
【详细解答】：本句句意：想知道为什么美国诗人及作家贝内恰巧去描写了美国
人。碰巧做某事应该是happen to do sth. ，occur to结构后常接人称
宾语，即occur to sb.，意为某人突然想起??
9. 【参考答案】：was∧in → like
【详细解答】：根据句意,我打算略读这个故事是想知道中世纪英国的生活像什么
样子，应加上介词like，意思是像，类似。
10. 【参考答案】：on→ to / with
【详细解答】：本题考动词用法。relate sth. to / with sth. 将两事物联系起来。在
句中意为将书中所得信息和读书的目的联系起来，书中内容记得更
牢。
Part VII.Translation
1. passed the test without much difficulty
2. because of lack of money and necessary equipment
3. take responsibility for the accident
4. As usual
5. was so absorbed in her book
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Key to Unit 5
Part I. Understanding Sentences
Section A:
Directions: Listen to the following 10 sentences. Each sentence will be read two times. After each sen-tence,there’ll be a break of10 seconds. During the break, read the two choices marked A and
B, and choose the one that is the best answer.
1. He was always absent from class.
2. I doubt whether he can pass the final English examination.
3. Usually people don’t like to be criticized by others when they are doing wrong.
4. When I graduate, I’ll t hink about becoming an English teacher rather than a tour guide.
5. I promised my brother to take him to go skating, but I was always occupied.
6. Jack said his mother was going to America to see his elder sister.
7. I asked Tina to repeat what she just said.
8. My English writing is good, but I need to improve my listening skills.
9. He refused to turn down the music though I strongly asked.
10. He sat in the dark so that he couldn’t be seen.
Section B:
Directions:In this section, you’ll hear10sentences. Each sentence will be read two times. At the end of each sentence, there’ll be a break of 10 seconds. During the break, you’ll read the three
choices marked A, B and C, and choose the best answer to complete the sentence.
1. They paid little attention to the subtle difference.
2. It is said that people tend to feel unwell if they sleep less than six hours a day.
3. They hurried to the classroom only to find it was locked.
4. They adopted a new measure to protect the environment.
5. He is heading for his company.
6. Mary congratulated Jack on finding a well-paid job.
7. I received a letter from my good friend.
8. Jack couldn’t make it to the airport before the plane took off.
9. It was hard to see things clearly in the darkness.
10. I already had my hands full with the term paper.
Part II. Understanding Conversations
Section A
Directions:In this section,you will hear 8 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, one
question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be
184 Model Test (5)
spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read
the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. Then write the
corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet
1. W: Peter said that he was going to buy a sports car.
M: Don’t be so sure. He once told me that he had bought a big house. Yet he is still
sharing an apartment with Mark.
Q: What does the man imply?
2. M: How do you like the new professor who took the place of Dr. Brown?
W: He may not seem as talented or as thorough as Dr. Brown, but at least he is pa-
tient with students.
Q: What can we infer from the woman’s answer?
3. M: Oh, I think we left that road map at the hotel. Do you know how to get to the
museum?
W: No, I don’t. But now that we haven’t gone very far, we might as well just turn
round.
Q: What will the speakers probably do?
4. W: I’ve been having trouble with my term paper. Would it be convenient to see you
today?
M: I’m afraid not, Jenny. But tomorrow my office hours last from 10:00 to noon.
Q: What is the probable relationship between the two speakers?
5. W: Come on, we’re almost there. I’ll race you to the top of the hill.
M: I’m so out of shape; I might have to crawl the rest of the way.
Q: What can be inferred about the man?
6. W: I told my husband to meet me at the Seoul airport at six. Oh, I can almost see the
city from here.
M: Seoul is a nice place. I think you’ll enjoy your visit here.
Q: Where does this conversation most likely take place?
7. W: Do you know that John turned down that work offered by a travel agency?
M: Yeah. The hours were convenient, but had he accepted it, he wouldn’t have been a
ble to make ends meet.
Q: Why does the man refuse the job?
8. W: Professor Thomas’ speech seemed to go forever. I was barely able to stay awake.
M: How could you sleep through that? It is important to the research we are going to
carry out.
Q: What does the man imply?
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Section B
Directions:In this section, you will hear 2 long conversations.At the end of each conversation,one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions
will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you
must read the four choices marked A),B),C) and D),and decide which is the best answer.
Then write the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.
Conversation 1
W: What are you doing, Paul?
M: Oh, I’m just reading a book about Western education.
W: Why are you reading on a Friday evening?
M: Because I have to write an essay this weekend.
W: What are you going to do when you graduate?
M: I don’t know. I’d like to get a job abroad, I think. What are you going to do when
your study in Hong Kong is over?
W: I’m going to spend a few weeks touring China, and then I’m going bac k to Japan,
I suppose.
M: What is George going to do?
W: I think he’s going to run a company in Shanghai.
M: What is he doing in Italy?
W: He’s seeing some clothes designers there. He’s coming back tomorrow. By the way,
what are you and Sue doing on Saturday evening?
M: I don’t know yet. Why?
W: Well, I thought we could cook another of our famous suppers and invite George
and Sue.
M: Oh, no. Not potato salad again! Sorry Carol, but I really have to read this book.
Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
1. When does the conversation take place?
2. Where does the Carol come from?
3. What’s George’s plan?
4. What can we learn from the end of the conversation?
Conversation 2
M: How’s your toothache, Barbara?
W: It’s gone, thanks, Robert. I went to the dentist yesterday, and he took care of it.
M: I hate having my teeth filled. It’s not just the pain I hate. I hate the sound of
drilling.
W: So do I. I’d rather have a tooth pulled than filled.
M: Have you ever had one of your teeth pulled?
W: No, but the one the dentist just filled will have to come out someday. He said it
couldn’t be filled again.
M: Teeth keep causing trouble, and nobody really does anything abou t it. I can’t un- derstand why.
186 Model Test (5)
W: Scientists can put men on the moon, but they can’t keep people from having trou-
ble with teeth.
M: Why can’t they transplant teeth the way they transplant hearts? They can give
s omebody a different heart. Why can’t they give him different teeth?
W: I’ve heard they’re working on that. My dentist says they’re working on tooth
transplants right now.
M: On the second thought, I’m not sure I’d like to eat with some other person’s teeth.
W: Well, that’s not how it works. The idea is to develop a plastic tooth that can be put
into the hole where your own tooth came out.
M: Really? What makes it stay there? Do they hook the plastic tooth to the teeth be-
side it?
W: No. The plastic tooth is made with plastic roots, and after a while the gum grows
around the roots, so the tooth can’t fall out.
M: Well, it sounds like a good idea.
Questions 5 to 7 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
5. Why does the woman dislike having her teeth filled?
6. Which of the following is true according to the conversation?
7. What is the conversation mainly about?
Part III. Understanding Passages
Directions:In this section, you will hear 2 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some
questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a
question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A,B, C,and D.
Then write the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.
Passage One
Man has a big brain. Scientists used to think that men are different from animals
because they can think and learn. They know now that animals can learn. So scien-
tists are beginning to understand that men are different from animals because they
can speak. Animals cannot speak. They make noises when they are afraid, or angry, or
unhappy. Apes are our nearest cousins. They can understand something more quickly
than human beings, and one or two have learned a few words. But they are still differ-
ent from us. They cannot join words and make sentences. They cannot think like us
because they have no language. They can never think about the past or the future. Lan-
guage is a wonderful thing. Man has been able to develop civilization because he has
language. Every child can speak his own language very well when he is four or five, but
no animals learn to speak.
Questions 1 to 3 are based on the passage you have just heard.
1. What is the difference between men and animals?
Band One187
2. Which of the following is true about apes?
3. At what age can a child learn to speak very well?
Passage Two
For the first nineteen months of her life, Helen Keller was in every way like other
pretty, happy babies. Then a sudden illness destroyed her sight and hearing. For the next
seven years, she lived in a world of darkness, without sounds or words.
The person who changed Helen’s world was her teacher, Anne Sullivan. Miss Sul-
livan had adopted a job which seemed impossible, because no one could control Helen.
She acted like a young animal.
But Miss Sullivan was a very special kind of teacher. She had been blind during part
of her own childhood and had learned to see again after several operations.
Miss Sullivan understood Helen. She wanted to help. She loved her and believed she could teach her. Under her guidance, Helen became a great writer.
Questions 4 to 7 are based on the passage you have just heard.
4. How did Helen spend the first nineteen months of her life?
5. Who was Helen’s teacher?
6. How did Helen become blind?
7. Why was Helen’s teacher a special kind of teacher?
Part IV. Spot Dictation
Directions:You will hear a short passage which is printed on your test paper with some words or phrases missing. The passage will be read 3 times. You’d better just listen and get a general idea of it
in the first reading. During the second reading, you are required to put the missing words on
the blanks according to what you hear. The third time reading is for you to check your writing.
Now the passage will begin.
To be a successful speaker, it is essential for you to know why you are speaking
and what you wish to accomplish by your speech. The four most common purposes of
speech are to inform, to convince, to move to action, and to entertain. The language and
tone that you use must be proper for your purpose, for your audience, and for the occa-
sion. A speech to the graduating class will have quite different language, tone and man-
ner from information conveyed to a group of your friends. Furthermore, no matter how
talented the speaker is, a talk without enough preparation is usually a failure. To speak
without preparing is to shoot without taking aim. Decide what your aim or objective is,
then state it in a complete topic sentence. See to it that your subject is definite and not
too broad.
大学英语3阶段性作业11
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3. He finds it easier to do the cooking himself than teaching his wife to cook. A B C D A. A B. B C. C D. D 4. Despite his old age, he is still very healthful and often works in the field. A B C D A. A B. B C. C D. D
5. The information which she was injured in the accident was given by Liz. A B C D A. A B. B C. C D. D 二、阅读理解（共1道小题，共50.0分）
1. Today, as in every other day of the year, more than 3,000 U.S. adolescents will smoke their first cigarette on their way to becoming regular smokers as adults. During their lifetime, it can be expected that of these 3,000 about 23 will be murdered, 30 will die in traffic accidents, and nearly 750 will be killed by a smoking-related disease. The number of deaths attributed to cigarette smoking outweighs all other factors, whether voluntary or involuntary, as a cause of death. Since the late 1970s, when daily smoking among high school seniors reached 30 percent, smoking rates among youth have declined. While the decline is impressive, several important issues must be raised. First, in the past several years, smoking rates among youth have declined very little. Second, in the late 1970s, smoking among male high school seniors exceeded that among female by nearly 10 percent. The statistic is reversing. Third, several recent studies have indicate high school dropouts have excessively high smoking rates, as much as 75 percent . Finally, though significant declines in adolescent smoking have occurred in the past decade, no definite reasons for the decline exist. Within this context, the National Cancer Institute (NCI) began its current effort to determine the most effective measures to reduce smoking levels among youth. 1. According to the author, the deaths among youth are mainly caused by _____. A. traffic accidents B. smoking-related diseases C. murder D. all of these 2. Every day there are over _____young people who will become regular smoker. A. 75 B. 23 C. 30 D. 3,000 3. By "dropout" (in paragraph 3) the author means______. A. students who failed the examination
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2016 年 6 月大学英语四级考试真题（第三套） Part I Writing (30 minutes) For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to express your thanks to your parents or any family members upon making memorable achievement. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Directions: 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡 1 上作答。 Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
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UNIT 1 Explore1: Reading comprehension: a b a b a Dealing with vocabulary: a b a a a b Application: 1.To say is easier than to do. 2.Mary wanted to make a lot of money, buy stock, and retire early. 3.She stayed up late either studying her English or going to parties. Explore 2: Reading comprehension: b a d Dealing with vocabulary: interact compatible massive contrast criticize hesitant Unit test part1: 1.prevails 2.a variety of 3.interact 4.hanging out 5.scale 6.In contrast 7.crucial 8.engage 9.in person 10.directly part2: b a c b a a part3: 1.25岁时马克?扎克伯格已经在Facebook辛勤工作了五年。那一年，也就是2009年，公司首次实现了盈利，并且吸引了3亿用户。他当时非常激动，但还是说这只是一个开始。他在Facebook上写道”我们的目标是把每个人联系起来，而我们才刚刚开始。"第二年，他就被《时代》杂志评选为"年度人物"。 2.Owned by Chinese tech giant Tencent, WeChat is a mobile messaging service that boasts over 300 million active users. Many former Weibo users join in as new members because it offers comparatively private forms of communication. Like many other Chinese social media platforms, WeChat allows its users to send voice messages, share social moments, purchase virtual goods, and meet new people via a format similar to that of chat roulette. UNIT 2 Explore 1:
16秋北邮大学英语3阶段作业
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用户可以在各个透视图间切换 D.透视图的布局是可以改变的，但改变多 次后无法再恢复到初始设置 知识 点: 阶段作业一 学生答案: [D;] 标准 答案: D 得分: [10] 试题 分值: 10.0 5.(错误) 关于Eclipse工作空间说法错误的是（ C ） A.它是用户计算机磁盘上划出的一块区 域，用来存放用户的工作资料 B.它以项目为单位组织文件和目录 C.它将各种资源组织成树形结构，文件夹 位于树的根部，项目位于树枝位置 D.用户对工作空间的每次操作都能在 Eclipse集成环境中得到同步 知识 点: 阶段作业一 学生答案: [B;] 标准 答案: C 得分: [0] 试题 分值: 10.0
2004年1月大学英语四级考试试题及参考答案
2004年1月大学英语四级考试试题及参考答案 Part I Listening Comprehension (20 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation Θ?▆ ? ?https://www.360docs.net/doc/594646507.html,/?版权所有沪江网? ? ▆? Θ and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre. Example: You will hear: You will read: A) At the office. B) In the waiting room. C) At the airport. D) In a restaurant. From the conversation we know that the two were talking about some work they had to finish in the evening. This conversation is most likely to have taken place at the office. Therefore, A) "At the office" is the best answer. You should choose [A] on the Answer Sheet ??鱕? 砝骔 https://www.360docs.net/doc/594646507.html,/podcast.htm?版权所有沪江网骔砝 ?鱕??and mark it
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新一代大学英语综合教程1 期末考试答案 打印版
新一代大学英语综合教程 1 期末考试答案打印版 UNIT 1 .2、Indeed, we might feel as if we are suddenly awash in friends. Yet right before our eyes, we're also changing the way we conduct relationships. Face-to-face chatting is giving way to texting and messaging; people even prefer these electronic exchanges to, for instance, simply talking on a phone.Smaller circles of friends are being partially eclipsed by Facebook acquaintances routinely numbered in the hundreds. Amid these smaller trends, growing research suggests we could be entering a period of crisis for the entire concept of friendship. Where is all this leading modern-day society? Perhaps to a dark place, one where electronic stimuli slowly replace the joys of human contact.确实如此，我们似乎感到突然之间好友数量井喷。不过，我们眼前也正在改变为人处世的方式。面对面的聊天正在被短信取代；相比打个电话，人们甚至更愿意使用这些电子交流方式。脸谱网上的熟人圈儿动辄数百人，相比之下，现实生活中规模较小的朋友圈则显得黯淡少光。在这些较细微的趋势中，越来越多的研究表明友谊的整个概念正在遭受危机，而我们也许正在一步步地迈向这个危机时代。所有这一切要把现代社会引向何方？也许现代社会就此陷入黑暗深渊，在这个深渊里，人与人之间交往的乐趣慢慢地被电子诱惑所取代。 8、No single person is at fault, of course. The pressures on friendship today are broad. They arise from the demands of work, say, or a general busyness that means we have less quality time for others. How many individuals would say that friendship is the most important thing in their lives, only to move thousands of miles across the continent to take up a better-paid job?当然，这并不是某个人的错。如今，交友压力来自方方面面。比如来自工作压力，或是整天瞎忙，无法和他人享有高质量的沟通时间。有人嘴上说友谊是生命中最重要的东西，却为了一份收入颇丰的工作远赴千里之外。这样的人还少吗？ 9、Of course, we learn how to make friends —or not —in our most formative years, as children. Recent studies on childhood, and how the contemporary life of the child affects friendships, are illuminating. Again, the general mood is one of concern, and a central conclusion often reached relates to a lack of what is called "unstructured time."当然，我们是在性格成型的最重要的孩提时期学会如何结交朋友或是如何断交。最近，关于儿童期和儿时生活对交友的影响的研究很有启发性。这些研究再一次关注了风气这个问题，其主要结论都与孩子缺少―计划外时间‖有关。 10、Structured time results from the way an average day is parceled up for our kids — time for school, time for homework, time for music practice, even time for play. Yet too often today, no period is left unstructured. After all, who these days lets his child just wander off down the street? But that is precisely the kind of fallow time so vital for deeper friendships. It's then that we simply "hang out," with no tasks, no deadlines and no pressures. It is in those moments that children and adults alike can get to know others for who they are in themselves. ―计划内时间‖源自每一天的时间安排方式，何时上学，何时完成家庭作业，何时进行音乐训练，甚至何时玩耍，一股脑儿的塞给孩子。然而，再寻常不过的是，没有任何一个时段是没有安排的。毕竟，现在谁还会让自己的孩子在街上闲逛呢？但是，恰恰就是这种―无所事事‖的时间对于深厚的交情至关重要。在这个时间段，我们只是闲逛，没有任务，没有最后期限，没有任何压力。就在这些时候，孩子也罢，成人也罢，才能真正了解同行之人。 12、Aristotle had an attractive expression to capture the thought: close friends, he observed, "share salt together." It's not just that they sit together, passing the salt across the meal table. It's that they sit with one another across the course of their lives, sharing its savor — its moments, bitter and sweet. "The desire for friendship comes quickly; friendship does not," Aristotle also remarked. It's a key insight for an age of instant social connectivity, though one in which we paradoxically have an apparently growing need to be more deeply connected.亚 里士多德曾经这样表达此意，妙不可言。他 说，亲密的朋友，是―一起吃盐的朋友‖。他 并不是说朋友们坐在一起，在饭桌上把盐传 来传去。他的意思是朋友们共享人生经历， 分享各种滋味，苦的，甜的。亚里士多德还 说过―交友的想法常常匆匆而至，但是真正的 友情往往姗姗来迟。‖这对于当今这个时代来 说是一种重要的真知灼见。因为，在这个时 代里，虽然人们能迅速建立关系，不过我们 反倒越发觉得需要更深一步结识他人。 UNIT 26、With persistence and practice, such a process can lead to lasting results. I know one Wall Street executive who sought to improve his empathy –specifically his ability to read people’s reactions and their perspectives. Before beginning his quest, the executive’s subordinates were terrified of working with him. People even went so far as to hide bad news from him. Naturally, he was shocked when finally confronted with these facts. He went home and told his family – but they only confirmed what he had heard at work. When their opinions on any given subject did not mesh with his, they, too, were frightened of him.只要坚持并不断实践，这样的过程能够 带来持久的结果。我认识一位华尔街的主管， 他想方设法提高自己的同理心。具体一点就 是读懂对方的反应，了解对方的看法。在开 始努力寻求改变之前，这位主管的下属惧怕 与其一起工作。人们甚至对他隐瞒坏消息。 最终面对这些情况时，他自己自然大吃一惊。 回家后，他告诉家人——但家人更肯定了他 在单位听到的一切。无论什么话题，如果家 人的观点未能与之吻合，他们也会害怕他。 7、Enlisting the help of a coach, the executive went to work to heighten his empathy through practice and feedback. His first step was to take a vacation to a foreign country where he did not speak the language. While there, he monitored his reactions to the unfamiliar and his openness to people who were different from him. When he returned home, humbled by his week abroad, the executive asked his coach to shadow him for parts of the day, Several times a week, in order to critique how he treated people with new or different perspectives. At the same time, he consciously used on-the-job interactions as opportunities to practice ―hearing‖ ideas that differed from his. Finally, the executive had himself videotaped in meetings and asked those who worked for and with him to critique his ability to acknowledge and understand the feelings of others. It took several months, but the executive’s emotional intelligence did ultimately rise, and the improvement was reflected in his overall performance on the job.这位主管向私人教师 寻求帮助，他回到工作岗位，通过实践和别 人的反馈来提高自己的同理心。首先，他到 一个语言不通的国家去度假。在异国他乡， 他审视自己面对不熟悉事物的反应以及对异 族人群的开放性。返回家乡时，一周的国外 生活已使他丢掉了所有的高傲，这位主管让 私人教师一周跟踪自己几天，每天跟踪自己 几个时段，以此评价自己对持新观点或不同 观点人的态度。同时，他还有意识地利用工 作现场与人交往的机会来实践―倾听‖异己观 点。最后，主管还让人拍摄他开会时的表现， 让下属以及合作伙伴评价自己承认并理解他 人感情的能力。这个过程持续数月，但最终， 主管的情商确实提高了，并在他的整体工作 表现上体现了出来。 8 It’s important to emphasize that building one’s emotional intelligence cannot – will not – happen without sincere desire and concerted effort. A brief seminar won’t help; nor can one buy a how-to manual. It is much harder to learn to empathize –to internalize empathy as a natural response to people –than it is to become adept at regression analysis. 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Ideally, they are also both honest and check them out and then utilize them in their findings so others can check them out and then utilize them in their own work. They do not claim more than they can prove, and often even less. But they are very proud of their calling and prefer to talk to other scientists rather than anybody else, especially poets, who tend to make them feel uncomfortable, to put them down.(Of course poets also feel scientists return the favor.)首 先，从事科学工作的是特殊的一类人，他们 具有特定的世界观。科学家努力保持客观、 理性，不感情用事，不会让感情妨碍他们观 察他们所说的实物和事实。科学家常常在实 验室或者他们能够严格控制研究对象的场所 工作。他们不会像诗人那样，在日落时去码 头闲逛，惊奇地观赏这个世界。典型的科学 家既朴实，又谦恭。他们总是尽量客观地汇 报他们的科学发现，以便别人能够证实并在 工作中加以运用。他们不会对自己不能证明 的事物妄加断言，甚至常常连自己能够证明 的也不去多说。然而，他们对―科学家‖这一 称谓引以为傲，更喜欢彼此相互交流，而不 太愿意和其他人交流，尤其是和诗人，因为 诗人总让他们感觉不自在，且常贬低他们。 （当然了，科学家在诗人眼里也不过如此。） 3、Second, science deals almost exclusively with things, not ideas or feelings, and with the external world and its workings, not inner states and their workings, despite the effort of some psychologists to be or seem scientific. The human body is considered to be or seem scientific. The human body is considered to be a part of the external world; the soul is not. Therefore, scientists work to understand the body but not the soul. Most scientists doubt the soul exists. The solar system and the universe are also part of the external world, although we have little enough direct evidence of their mode of existence. Scientists tend to assume the basic conditions of nature on Earth are the same everywhere in the cosmos.其次，科学的 研究对象基本上仅限于事物，而非思想或者 情感，仅限于外部世界及其运作，而非内在 状态及其运作，尽管一些心理学家也试图让 自己的工作具备或者显得有科学性。人体被 认为是外部世界的一部分，而人的灵魂则不 然。因此，科学家探索的是人的肌体，而不 是灵魂。大部分科学家怀疑灵魂的存在。太 阳系和宇宙也是外部世界的一部分，虽然我 们没有充足的直接证据来证明它们的存在模 式。科学家往往认为，地球上自然界的基本 状况无论在宇宙的何处都是一样的。 4、Mankind is only questionably part of the external world in this sense. Scientists are generally reluctant to deal with the behavior of large groups of men and women. Thus economists, for example, struggle to be considered scientists, but usually in vain. The external world of scientists contains some things, like quanta, quarks and quasars, that are