译林版五年级上册英语语法知识点
五年级上册英语语法知识点
一、注意名词单复数:
1、可数名词复数用于:
①How many后面;②some/any/many/a lot of/ two, three…后面;
③these/those后面
④all the后面;⑤between后面跟一种物体时,这个物体用复数
⑥like 后面
⑦are前面的人称和名词用复数: we/they/the children
2、名词复数的变化规则:
1)一般直接+s:bears,students,
2)以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加es:bus-buses, box-boxes,
3)以“辅音字母+y”结尾,把y变为i, 再加ies:
library—libraries hobby---hobbies story---stories
4) 不规则名词复数:man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen, foot-feet, Child-children
3、不可数名词: water, soup, milk, juice, tea, coffee, bread(面包), rice(米饭), hair等等。
二、注意一般现在时动词的第三人称单数;(注:所有否定句、疑问句中,动词都用原形。)
1、肯定句中哪些情况下用第三人称单数: (俗称:三单)
1)人称代词he, she, it作主语时;
2)单个人名、地名或称呼作主语时;
3)单数可数名词或 "this / that / the+单数可数名词" 作主语时;
4)不可数名词作主语时; 5、当数字或字母作主语时,等等。
2、动词第三人称单数变化规则如下:
1) 一般情况下,动词后面直接加s. 如:works / plays/ reads
2) 以s. x. sh. ch 或o结尾的动词,在后面加es.
例:teach-teaches, watch-watches, do-does, go-goes
3) 以辅音字母+y结尾的动词, 把 y变为i, 再加es.
例:study- studies fly-flies carry-carries
4)不规则动词的第三人称单数:have—has;be—is
三、人称代词、名词所有格及序数词
1、主格用来作句中的主语,用于动词前面。
例:They are doctors.
2、宾格用来作句中的宾语,放在动词或介词的后面。本册书上出现的词组:
in front of her show her around push me teach you What’s wrong with him? write him a letter
Here’s a Christmas card for you.Let me…. chat with them
on the Internet give it a cake
3、形容词性物主代词+名词
形容词性物主代词,之所以叫它们形容词是因为他们必须放在名词前面。
4、名词所有格作形容词性,表示所属关系;在人名或称呼后加’s,以s结
尾的,直接加’。如:mother’s,parents’
5、序数词first---second---third---fourth 1) 序数词一般要与the连用; 2)在某一层楼用介词on。
四、选择和用所给词适当形式填空
1、哪些情况加动词原形(注:有to时,to跟后面的动词原形放在同一
空格)
1) want to +动词原形 2)would like to +动词原形 3)it’s time to +动词原形
4)情态动词can+动词原形 5)助动词(do, does , don’t, doesn’t)+动词原形
6)let+动词原形 7)祈使句中动词用原形 (如Do your homework, please.)
8)否定句在句首加Don’t (如Don’t do your homework, please)+动词原形
2、哪些情况加动词ing
1)like 2)go 3)be good at 4)be 5)后面跟名词,如swimming lesson
动词+ing变化规则如下:
A、直接加上ing: draw-drawing play-playing read-reading
B、以不发音的e结尾,去e加上ing
skate-skating make-making dance-dancing
have-having come-coming write-writing
C、以重读闭音节结尾的单词要双写尾字母,再加上ing
从单词的末尾开始往前数符合“辅音-元音-辅音”结构的。
(注:词尾是w和y的除外,如:drawing, playing等除外);
run-running sit-sitting put-putting chat-chatting
get-getting swim-swimming stop-stopping shop-shopping
3.形容词加名词(形名)如: a beautiful girl
4.动词加副词(动副)如: swim well
5.Some和any用法:
“some”一般用于肯定句,“any”用于否定句和疑问句。但在一些表示委婉请求,想得到对方肯定回答时也用“some”。(小技巧:末尾是句号,句中是any,那这句型是否定句)
6.There be 结构就近原则, be动词的选择取决于紧跟在后面的名词数量。
如:There is a teacher and some students in the classroom.
7.乐器前加the, 球类前不加the. 如:play the piano, play football
8. Who当作特殊的第三人称单数 (Who sings well? )
9. 一般现在时构成:1)主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。 2)主语+行为动词+其它。关键词:
always, usually, often, sometimes, on Sundays, every…
(注:主语为第三人称单数,动词加s, es或辅音+y时,把 y变为 i 再加es;其他时候动词用原形 )
10. 现在进行时关键词:look, listen, now (注:be动词(is am are) +动词ing, 两者缺一不可)
11. and前后谓语动词一致。
指当句子中有两个或两个以上的谓语动词共用同一个主语时,一般谓语动词的时态保持一致。
She often goes fishing and takes photos. Let’s go and have some chicken.
12、相同意思不同用法的辨析:
1)有; there is/are和have/has
there is/are表示在某地有某物(或某人);表示存在;there be就近原则;
have/has表示某人有某物;表示所属关系;前面必须有主语。
2)也; too-either-also
too用于肯定句和疑问句句末;either用于否定句句末;also用于句中。
3)都; both-all
both用于两者都;all用于三者及以上都。
4)好; good-well
good+名词;动词+well。
5) 和;with-and
with是介词,意思是“和……一起”,后面跟名词或代词的宾格。
and 是连词,意思是“和”,用and连接两个单数名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词用复数。
五、句型转换
①同义句:
1. It’s time for sth= It’s time to do sth.该是…时间了(注:for 后面跟名词;to后面跟动词原形)
It’s time for dinner.=It’s time to have dinner.
2. What time is it?=What’s the time? 几点呢?
3. There is(are) no…(s)…=There isn’t / aren’t any…没有…
4. have no…= don’t have(any)没有…
They have no legs or arms. =They don’t have an y legs or arms.
5. has no = doesn’t have (any)没有…
6. I like picnics. = I like having picnics. {注:like后面跟名词复数或动名词(动词+ing)}
7. show sth (某物) to sb(某人) = show sb (某物) sth(某人) 向…展示…东西
8. give sth(某物) to sb(某人)=give sb (某物) sth(某人) 给…人…东西
9. What a lovely ant!= How lovely the ant is! 多么可爱的蚂蚁啊
10. That is Jan’s umbrella.= That umbrella is Jan’s. 那是杰的伞
11. What’s wrong with him? = What’s the matter with him?他怎么了?
②否定句
1、有be动词(am, is ,are),be后直接加not (am not/ is not=isn’t/ are not =aren’t);
2、有can,can后直接加not (can not=can’t);
3、只有动词,在动词原形前加don’t;三单动词前加doesn’t, 动词变回原形。
He does his homework. (改成否定句)He doesn’t do his homework.