牛津译林版高中英语选修模块七 牛津英语M7 U3grammar学案-新版

牛津英语M7 U3grammar学案

Learning aims:

1. After learning Linking verbs, the students will know about some basic information about linking verbs(words used as linking verbs; function of linking verbs; predicative after linking verbs);

2. After learning Linking verbs, the students will be able to summarize usages of common and important linking verbs;

3. After learning Linking verbs, the students will apply what they’ve learned about linking verbs.

Learning procedures:

Step 1 Lead-in

Q: What is a linking verb?

A: A linking verb is a word used to connect the subject of a sentence to further information about the state which the subject is in.

Step 2 Presentation:

1. “存在”类:表示存在或具有某种特征或状态。常见的有: be，lie, exist, stand, live 等。这类连系动词强调“存在”。主要用于“副词/介词短语+be +主语”句型中，语序为倒装语序，即谓语动词单复数取决于后面的主语。

Eg. There are three chairs, two tables and a bike in the house.

Here is the change for you.

Around the outside walls_are towers and in front of them lies a river.

2. “状态”类的，常见的有: be，seem, appear, keep stay, remain，prove，continue(继续、仍旧) stand(处于某状况或情形)等。这类词表示具有或保持某种特征或状态。“，，例如:

—Why don't you put the meat in the fridge?

—It will stay fresh for several days.

He is the director of our department. __他是我们部门的主管___

It’s already ten in the morning.The store remains closed. What’s the matter?

The chair woman seemed quite surprised at the question I asked.

As time went on , his theory proved (to be) true.

3.“感官”类：主要指与五种感官有关的动词feel(摸上去)，smell(闻起来)，taste(尝起来)，sound(听起来)，look（看起来）等。例如

(1)To some people the Sydney Opera House_looks just like seashells.

(2)The story sounds _true.

(3)The meat you bought last week smells terrible. It has gone bad.

(4)Silk feels soft.:

appear,seem,look用法区别

三个词都可以表示“看起来；好像”，但各自的侧重点不同，其句子结构也不完全相同。

appear指给人以表面的印象，暗含往往并非如此；look指显露在外能被人看到的视觉印象；seem是指说话人的一种主观判断，可能有一定根据或判断接近事实。如：

(1)If the sky appears blue to us on earth, it is because the earth’s atmosphere scatters a certain number of blue rays of sunlight.(某物给人的一种表面印象)

(2)They looked tired.（说话人从他们身上得到的视觉印象）

(3)They seemed to have finished their work..（说话人的判断）

这三个词的句型结构比较

共同点是可接形容词，但接不定式时，appear 和seem 后都可以接to do 和to be,但look后只能接to be.

Eg. The whole world seemed / appeared_to be black and empty.

She looks to be the best person for the job.

appear 和seem都可以用于there放在句首作引导词的句型，也可以用于“It （主语）+ appears/ seems+ that从句”这一句型，而look则不行。

There seemed to be a mistake in these figures.

It seems that he has been ill for a long time.

look和seem 后可接like 短语，也可接as if 引导的从句，appear则无此用法。It looked_like rain.

It looked_ as if he knew nothing about it.

4. “变化”类: 表示由一种情况或状态变化成另一种情况或状态。这类连系动词强

调"变化"后的情况或状态.常见的有(1)become(变成)，turn(变成)，grow(变得)，get(变得) ,(2)go(变得),come(变得), (3) fall(进入某种状态)等。

(1) 这类词表示由一种情况或状态变成另一种情况或状态，强调变化后的情况或状态。turn指改变特性，本性，状态等，暗示和以前变得完全不一样，还指达到或超过某一年龄或时间。become为普通用语，get 常用于口语中，二者均可表示从一种状态突然变成另一状态。这四个词都可以用于进行时，也可用于一般时或完成时。Become 和turn 也可以接名词作表语。

例如:

The leaves have turned yellow.

The fox may grow old, but never good.

(2)go 往往表示情况往坏处转变，后多节贬义词。而come则相反。

Put the fish in the fridge, or it will go bad in hot weather.

(3)fall 强调进入某种状态

Grandma had fallen asleep before my friends came to say goodbye to her.

联系动词使用注意事项：

1.所有连系动词通常不用于被动语态和进行时态中。除了表示变化的become, get, grow和feel以外

He is feeling even worse today.（他今天感觉更糟糕了）

2.“状态“类prove,以及感官类look, feel, smell, taste, sound等都用主动语态表示被动意义。.

3. 一般情况下，连系动词主要跟形容词或分词作表语。当它们后接过去分词时作表语时就是被动语态。例如:

Be careful when you cross this very busy street. If not, you may get run over by a car. 当你过这条繁忙的街道时小心点，否则你会被车撞的。

4. 能跟名词作表语的连系动词常见的有:be, become, appear, seem, prove, remain和turn等。注意:turn后跟(表示主语身份的)名词作表语时，不加冠词但当名词前有形容词时，要加冠词；become后作表语的名词一律用冠词；例表示职位或头衔的名词作表语时，其前不用冠词。如:

Twenty years later, he turned teacher. (成为)

The population growth in China remains_a problem.(依然是)

Twenty years later, he turned an experienced doctor.

5.放在连系动词后面做表语的从句。

结构：主语+ 连系动词+ 表语从句

常用连系动词：be, look, remain, seem…

引导表语从句的连词：that, whether, when, where, because, why…

1）.引导表语从句的that一般不能省略。

The trouble is that I have lost his address.问题是我丢了他的地址。_

2）.表语从句通常用whether而不用if 引导。

The question is whether we can make good preparations in such a short time.

问题是我们是否能在这么短的时间内做好准备。

3）.常见的表语结构有：It looks as if …; The reason is that…; It is because…; That is why…; The fact is/ remains that…

Translate the following sentences:

①That was what she did this morning._那就是她今天早晨做的事情

②This is why we can’t get the support of the people.这就是我们得不到人们支

持的原因。

③The reason why he was late for school is that he missed the early bus.

他上学迟到的原因是他误了早班车。

④It looks as if it is going to rain. 天好像要下雨了

⑤The fact remains that we are behind the other classes.

事实依然是我们落后于别人。

4). 在表示“建议、劝说、命令、请求”等

名词后面的表语从句中，谓语动词要用虚拟语气(should + 动词原形，should 可省略)。

Translation:

（1）My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow.

_我的建议是我们明天早点出发__

（2）Our request is that we (should) have a good rest to refresh.

我们的请求是我们休息一下来恢复体力。

（3）The order from the headmaster came that we (should) go to school on Saturdays. 从校长那里传来命令：我们星期天要上学。

6. 联系动词的延续性和非延续性：turn, become, fall, get等都是非延续性联系动词，如果句中有时间段作状语，那么要把这些词改成be.

---How long has he been ill?

---(He has been ill )For about a week. He fell ill five days ago

随堂练习：

Fill in the blanks with proper linking verbs:

1. Wood feels hard.

2. The exercise appears easy, but in fact it's very hard.

3. Don't you think the music of the song _sounds beautiful?

4. Most leaves begin to turn yellow in autumn.

5. The fish taste good; the children like it very much.

6. The girl's face went/ turned red when she heard his words.

7. It’s true that parents grow old when children grow up.

Translation:

(1) 她的工作是教盲人。Her job is teaching the blind.

(2) 许多妇女站在那里。Many women are standing there.

(3) 窗户被男孩打开了。窗户是开着的。

The window was opened by the boy. It was open.

(4) 我摸了摸桌子。桌子摸上去很冷。I touched the desk; it felt very cold.

(6) 这听起来是个好主意。请按铃喊他们进来。

It sounds like a good idea. Please ring the bell to let them in.

(7) 我在花园里种的植物现在越长越高。

The plants that I planted in the garden are growing taller and taller.

高考链接

1. The traffic lights __________ green and I pulled away. (2006广东)

A. came

B. grew

C. got

D. went

2. One of the best ways for people to keep fit is to______ healthy eating habits. (2006

湖北)

A. grow B develop C. increase D. raise

3. -- I was wondering if we could go skiing on the weekend.

-- _______good. (2006湖北)

A. Sound

B. Sounded

C. Sounding

D. Sounds

4. Someone who lacks staying power and perseverance is unlikely to ___ a good researcher. (2006山东)

A. make

B. turn

C. get

D. Grow

5. In the dark forests ________, some large enough to hold several English towns. (2005辽宁)

A. stand many lakes

B. lie many lakes

C. many lakes lie

D. many lakes stand