2020年春人教新目标英语八年级下册 Unit1 单元知识点总结全解
2020年春人教新目标英语八年级下册
Unit1 What's the matter?
一常用短语及重点句型。
（一）常用短语：
1. have a fever / cough / cold 发烧/咳嗽/受凉；感冒3
2. right away 立刻；马上
33. because of 由于2. have a toothache / stomachache 牙疼/胃疼34. get out of 背疼/喉咙痛离开；从……出来 3. have a sore back / throat
35. hurt oneself 说得太多受伤4. talk too much
36. put a bandage on sth. 5. drink enough water 喝足够的水用绷带包扎
37. fall down 摔倒6. take risks (take a risk) 冒险38. feel sick 7. in a difficult situation 在困境中感到恶心
39. have a nosebleed 流鼻血8. give up 放弃40. cut his knee 9. make a decision 做出决定割伤他的膝盖
41. put her head back 把她的头向后仰躺下来休息10. lie down and rest
42. have problems breathing 呼吸困难11. hot tea with honey 加蜂蜜的热茶
43. mountain climbing 登山运动12. see a dentist 看牙医
44. be used to doing sth. 习惯做某事13. get an X-ray 拍X 光片14. take one's temperature 量体温45. run out (of) 用完；耗尽
46. so that 以便15. put some medicine on sth. 在……上面敷药
47. so …that 如此……以至于……感到很热16. feel very hot
48. be in control of 掌管；管理17. sound like 听起来像49. keep on doing sth. 继续或坚持做某事(中间无间隔）18. all weekend 整个周末
keep（sb）19. in the same way 以同样的方式doing sth （让某人）持续做某事（中间无间隔）看医生20. go to a doctor
50 get hit/sunburned 被打击/ 21. go along 沿着……走晒伤
51 see sb. doing sth.看见某人正在做某事在马路边22. on the side of the road
52 see sb do sth 看见某人做了某事。23. shout for help 大声呼救
53 ask sb. sth.询问某人某事没有多想24. without thinking twice
54 expect sb. to do sth.期待／期望某人做某事25. get off 下车
55 agree to do sth.有心脏病26. have a heart problem 同意做某事
使……惊讶的；出乎……意料27. to one' s surprise 56 have problems (in) doing sth.做某事有困难
57 be/get used to doing sth.多亏了；由于28. thanks to 习惯于做某事
58 used to do sth 过去常常做某事29. in time 及时59 use sth. to do sth用某物做某事挽救生命30. save a life
60 seem to do sth. 造成麻烦（或烦恼）31. get into trouble 好像做某事
（二）重要句型
1. What' s the matter? 怎么了？
What' s the matter with you? = What's the trouble with you? = What' s wrong with you? 你怎么了？
2. What should she do? 她该怎么办呢？
Should I take my temperature? 我该量一下体温吗？
3. Do you think it comes from a newspaper or a book? 你认为它是来自报纸还是书呢？
我想我以同样的姿势一动不动地坐太久了。4. I think I sat in the same way for too long without moving.
5. She said that the man had a heart problem and should go to the hospital. 她说男人有心脏病，应该去医院。
二重点语法：
（一）询问健康问题及遇到麻烦时的常用表达。
1.What's the matter? 用于询问某人患了何种疾病，遇到了什么困难、烦恼或周边出了什么状况等，也可用于询问某物出了什么故障，其后可接with sb. /sth.，表示“某人/某物怎么了？”。
常用以下几种结构来表达：
What's the matter with sb./sth.? What's wrong (with sb.)?（某人）怎么了？
What's the trouble ( with sb. ) ?/What's one's trouble? （某人）出什么事了？
What happened (to sb. ) ? （某人）发生什么事了？
Are you OK? 你没事吧？
Is there anything wrong (with sb.)? （某人）有什么事吗？
matter 麻烦事、原因、毛病What's the matter?
problem 难题、待解决问题I can work out the math problem.
question 提出的问题Can I ask you some questions?
2. I have a cold. “患(病)；遭受(病痛）”, 不能用于进往时态
(1)have a/ an + 疾病名称
have a fever have a headache have a cough
have a cold=get a cold =catch a cold =have got a cold
cold前可有表示感冒轻重程度的形容词little、bad、heavy等修饰
(2)sore adj. 疼痛的，作定语或表语。My leg is still very sore.
sore+ back/ throat/leg/arm I have a sore back.
back: ①名词，“背；背面；后面”。②作副词，意为“回（原处）”，come back。
(3)ache v./ n. 疼痛tooth/ ear/ stomach/...+ache have a headache have an earache
Mum had a headache yesterday. Mum's head ached yesterday.
要表达身体某一部位疼痛或不舒服，可用以下结构：
(1)某人+ have/has + 病症．The twins have colds. 这对双胞胎感冒了。
(2)某人+ have/has a(n)+身体部位-ache( headache/toothache/stomachache/backache/earache).
She had a stomachache last night．她昨晚胃痛。
(3)某人+ have/has a sore + 身体部位. He has a sore throat. 他喉咙痛。
(4)某人+ hurt( s) + 身体部位或反身代词. He hurt his leg. 他的腿受伤了。
(5)身体部位+ hurt (s). My head hurts badly. 我头痛得厉害。
(6)某人+ have/has a pain in one's + 身体部位。I have a pain in my chest. 我胸口痛。
(7)( There is) Something wrong with one's + 身体部位. There is something wrong with my right eye. I
(8)其他表达方式
She has a heart problem. 她有心脏病。
He got hit on the head. 他头部受到了撞击。
She cut her finger. 她割破手指了
（二）情态动词should用法
1 should,意为“应该，.应当”，其后接动词原形，无人称和数的变化，否定形式为should not,可以缩写为shouldn't.一般疑问句将should提前。
You should drink lots of water.---Should I drink lots of water?
t. No, you needn''t. 或是肯定：Yes, you should. 否定：No, you shouldn 具体用法：You should drink lots of water. ）表示提出意见或建议。（1We should study hard.
）表示义务，责任。（2t be so careless. '表示命令，责备或要求，语气比较强列。You shouldn （3）
他应该是一位老师。表示推测和可能性。He should be a teacher. （4）
Should用于主语为第一人称的疑问句，表示征询意见。（5）Should I put some medicine on it?我应当给它敷上药吗？我们应该告诉她这件事吗？Should we tell her about it? 知识点：三
She talked too much yesterday and didn't drink enough water.3.
太多(1)too much
There is too much milk here.
a. 修饰不可数名词
I ate too much last night. b. 用作副词，放动词后
巧记enough在句中位置：修饰名词很自由，可以置前也可后；若是修饰形或副，一定后置要记住。(2)I have enough time（time enough）to finish the work.
It's warm enough in the room.
(3)enough后常接“(for+名词/代词+)to do sth．”结构，意为“足够……，能做某事”。
The box is light enough for the boy to carry.
4. lie down and rest
①lie (lay ,lain, lying)不及物动词，意为“躺；躺下”。lie down意为“躺下”。He found a dog lying at the door.
②lie (lay，lain，lying)不及物动词，意为“位于；存在；处于”。Qingdao lies in the east of Shandong.
③lie (lied，lied，lying)不及物动词，意为“撒谎；说谎”。lie to sb.意为“对某人撒谎”。You are lying to me.
④lie可数名词，意为“谎言；假话”。tell a lie/tell lies意为“说谎”。I know he told
a lie just now.
⑤lay (laid，，laid，laying)作动词，意为“产（卵）；下蛋；放置；安放”。The hen stopped laying eggs.
5. drink some hot tea with honey
with“具有；带有”，表示事物所具有的性质、特征；China is a country with a long history. without介词, 意为“没有”Fish can't live without water.
①with意为“和……在一起”。Mr. Black is talking with a friend.
②with意为“使用”。She cut the apple with a knife.
③with意为“关于，对于”。What's the matter with him?
④with表示行为方式。She likes to sleep with the light on.
6. You need to take breaks away from the computer.
(1)need用法: ①need做实义动词译为“需要”need sth. I need a book.
need (sb.) to do sth. (人作主语表主动) 需要某人做某事I need you to help me. I need to read a book.
need doing sth.(物作主语表被动)=sth. need to be done译为某事需要被做
My hair needs cutting. The book needs reading.
②need还可以做情态动词。译为“必须、需要”，其后接动词原形，常用于否定句、疑问句及must引导的一般疑问句的否定回答。
(2)break v. 打破，破坏break the window
n. 休息，间休(=rest) have a (break=rest) take a break =take breaks
They went to a warm place away from home.
离开、远离(3)away from
7. At 9:00a.m.yesterday,bus No. 26 was going along Zhonghua Road when the drivers saw an old man lying on the side of
the road.
此处was going 为过去进行时，表示过去某个时间正在发生或进行的动作(was/were+动词-ing形式)
I was writing a report at 8 last night.
辨析：see sb. doing sth．与see sb. do sth.（watch, hear, notice等）
see sb. doing sth．: 看见某人正在做某事, 强调看见某个动作正在进行
We saw him crossing the road. 我们看见他正在过马路。
see sb. do sth.：看见某人做某事, 强调看见动作发生的整个过程
We saw him cross the road. 我们看见他过马路了。
8. The bus driver, 24-year-old Wang Ping…
24-year-old 24岁的复合形容词,有连字符、无s作定语
9. He got off and asked the woman what happened.
(1)get off 下车，反义词get on
辨析：get off, get on, get into与get out of
get off : “下（汽车、火车、飞机等）”The passengers got off the bus.
get on :“登上(汽车、火车等)”，后面常跟较大的交通工具，其反义短语为get off
When I got on the bus, I saw my teacher sitting there．
get into: “进入（小汽车、出租车、电梯等）”后面常跟较小的交通工具，其反义短语get out of He got into a taxi and left．
get out of : “从(小汽车、出租车、电梯等)下来”She got out of the car and went into the ha ll.
(2)happen vi表示某地/某时发生了某事，主语是事物
The story happened in 2008.
①表示“某人出了某事（常指不好的事）”，要用句型Sth. happened to sb．
A car accident happened to her this morning.
②当happen作“碰巧”讲时，常用于句型Sb. happened to do sth.和It happened + that从句。She happened to meet her friend in the bookstore. It happened that I had no money with me. 10. He expected most or all the passengers to get off and wait for the next bus.
expect sb. to do sth. 期待某人做某事I expect him to buy me a gift.
11. But to his surprise, they all agreed to go with him.
(1)to one's surprise为固定结构，通常用作插入语，用在句首
get a surprise意为“吃惊”in surprise意为“惊讶地；惊奇地”。
(2)agree to do sth. She agreed to go shopping with me.
agree with sb. 同意某人的意见或观点等I agree with you. 我同意你的观点。
agree to sth 同意某项计划或建议He agreed our suggestions yesterday. 他昨天同意了我们的建议。
agree on sth “达成协议;意见一致”主语常为复数，表示双方或几方。
We agreed on the date of next meeting. 我们就下次开会的日期达成了一致。
12. Thanks to Mr. Wang and the passengers, the man was saved by the doctors in time.
(1) thanks to 意为“由于、多亏、因为”，句中作状语，常位于句首，可与because of和with the help of 进行句型转换，后加名词或代词。
Thanks to my teacher, I can finish the homework on time.
=With the help of my teacher, I can finish the homework on time.
Thanks to the bad weather, we had to put off our trip.= Because of the bad weather, we had to put off our trip.
(2)thanks for +n/v.ing因……而感谢
Thanks for your help. Thanks for ______(help)me.
13. It's sad that many people don't want to help others because they don't want any trouble…
此句中it 为形式主语，真正的主语为that引导的从句
trouble ①不可数名词. (苦恼、麻烦)
have problems/ trouble/difficulty + with sth. /(in) doing sth. 做某事有困难
Some old people have problems with the life in the city.
If you have problems in finding the way to the post office, please ask the police.
②v.(使苦恼、打扰) I'm sorry to trouble you.
14. Bus No. 26 hit an old man on Zhonghua Road.
hit（hit，hit）此处用作及物动词，意为“（用手或器具）击；打”。
通常较软的部位用hit sb. in the +部位(eye, mouth, face, stomach, etc.)打在某人的眼睛上、嘴上、脸上、肚子上等
通常较硬的部位用hit sb. on the +部位(head, nose, back, etc.)打在某人的头上、鼻子上、背上等15. Did you hurt yourself playing soccer?
(1)反身代词常用于下列短语中：
enjoy oneself 玩的高兴teach oneself自学hurt oneself伤着自己help oneself to请随便吃、喝..
(2)此句中为现在分词短语作时间状语，相当于Did you hurt yourself when /while you were playing soccer?
She hurt her leg dancing(while/when she was dancing).
16. Did you fall down?
fall down 滑倒、摔倒，从…摔下，用from fall off 从……掉落=fall down from The girl fell off the bike.=The girl fell down from her bike.
fall behind落后，跟不上fall over跌倒fall into落入fall asleep入睡fall in love with 爱上
17. Someone felt sick.
sick生病的、有病的, 既可作表语也可作定语
He's sick. (表) He'll visit his sick friend.( 定)
ill 生病的，只能作表语be sick= be ill
18. As a mountain climber, Aron is used to taking risks.
be (get) used to +n./pron./doing 习惯于做某事Aron is used to taking risks.
used to do sth. 过去常常做某He used to go to sleep early.
be used to do sth. 被用作……是被动语态Wood is used to make paper.
19. So he used his knife to cut off half his right arm.
(1)use sth. to do sth. 意为“用某物做某事”=use sth. for doing
I use a knife to cut apples.=I use a knife for cutting apples.
(2)以-f(e)结尾，词尾变为-ves构成复数的名词
小偷(thief)之妻(wife)生活(life)难，自己(self)扫叶(leaf)来做饭，忽见一狼(wolf)架(shelf)后躲，抽刀(knife)把它砍两半(half)。
20. This means being in a difficult situation that you can't seem to get out of.
mean to do sth. 意为“打算做某事”。I mean to talk with him about it
mean doing sth. 意为“意味着做某事”。My new job means working all day and all night. What do you mean by…? = What do/does…mean? = What's the meaning of…？意为“……是什么意思？”
What do you mean by this word? = What does this word mean? = What's the meaning of this word?
s life.
'21. In this book, Aron tells of the importance of making good decisions, and of being in control of one
(1)tell of 意为“叙述、描述”He told of his childhood.
(2)the importance of doing sth. 意为“做某事的重要性”He began to realize the importance of studying hard.
(3)decision(n)--decide(v.) make a decision to do sth.=decide to do sth.
(4)be in control of “掌管、掌控”You should be in the control of your own life.
be in the control of意为“受……控制；受……管理”反义“be out of control意为“失去……的控制”。
The company is in the control of the young man.
22. His love for mountain climbing is so great that he kept on climbing mountains even after this experience.
(1)so…that…引导结果状语从句，意为“如此…以至于…”
在that后引导的从句为否定句时，可与too…to…或not…enough to互换,too后enough前形容词互为反义词。
常用句型：主语+谓语+ so + adj /adv. + that从句
She is so young that she can't look after herself.= She is too young to look after herself.
=She is not old enough to look after herself.
在that后引导的从句为肯定句时，可与enough to互换。
She is so young that she should stay at home. = She is young enough to stay at home.
(2)keep on doing sth. 意为“继续做某事”。表示动作重复多次，中间有间隔，强调重复性。
We must keep on working hard.
keep doing sth. 意为“继续不停地做某事”表示动作的持续不问断、无停顿，强调连续性。Keep lying here, I'll be back soon.
keep sb. from doing sth. 意为“阻止某人做某事”：You shouldn't keep him from watching cartoons.
23. death(死亡) n. die(死)v. dead(死的)adj. dying(垂死的、要死的)adj.
The death of her father was sudden.
She died two years ago.
The bird is dead,
This is a dying bird.