高中2014届级高考阅读专项训练试题

高中2014届级高考阅读专项训练试题
高中2014届级高考阅读专项训练试题

高中2014届级高考阅读专项训练试题

高中2014届级高考阅读专项训练试题

2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(四川卷)

二、(9分,每小题3分)

阅读下面的文字,完成5—7题。

明代花鸟画

明代初期,因太祖朱元璋对南宋院体画风青睐有加,花鸟画大致延续了宋代院体工笔画风格,没有新突破。明宣宗朱瞻基同宋徽宗一样,雅好诗文书画,尤好花鸟画。他在位期间,宫廷画院的花鸟画风格也面貌多样,有延续南宋院体花鸟画艳丽典雅风格的工笔重彩画家边文进,有出自北宋徐熙野逸风格的没骨画家孙隆,有笔墨洗练奔放、造型生动的水墨写意画家林良,还有精丽粗健并存、工笔写意兼具的画家吕纪。不过,这些风格面貌大多沿袭自宋代花鸟画,并无根本突破。从意境与格调方面看,这时期的花鸟画比宋代院体花鸟画花鸟画略逊一筹。事实上,明代花鸟画的大突破直到中期以后才出现。

明代中期,文人越来越多地参与花鸟画创作,他们的创作风格一开始就与院体画大相径庭,其中最有代表性的是吴门画派。吴门画派的成就主要在山水画方面,代表人物有兼擅人物、山水、花鸟的吴门四家,即沈周、文征明、唐寅、仇英。沈周与文征明主要延续宋、元文人画传统,疏简而不放逸;唐寅与仇英主要吸收南宋院体画风,并融入了时代的精神特质,体现了当时的市民趣味。他们的花鸟画在吸收前代大师成果的基础上发展出鲜明的个性特征,在美术史上颇有影响。

严格地说,吴门画派的花鸟画是对前代的延续,并没有开宗立派的意义。然而,到吴门画派的弟子一代,花鸟画在陈淳、陆治、周之冕那里结出了硕果。陈淳早年习元代绘画,后学于文征明,花鸟、山水兼擅。他将书法和山水画笔法融入花鸟画,运用水墨的干湿浓淡和渗透,巧妙地表现花叶的形态与阴阳向背,简练放逸又不失法度,开写意花鸟一代新风。如果说陈淳的大写意花鸟充分表达了笔墨的特性与画面的形式感,那么徐渭的作品则充分发挥了大写意花鸟托物言志的功能,浇胸中块垒,抒澎湃激情。在绘画语言风格方面,他吸收宋、元文人画及林良、沈周、陈淳的长处,兼融民间画师的优点,同时将自己擅长的狂草笔法融入绘画。在其笔下,梅兰竹石被赋予了他强烈的个性,以狂怪奇崛的姿态傲视万物。他是第一个使用生宣作画的花鸟画家,利用生宣良好的吸水性控制画面水墨渗化效果,表达特殊韵味。他还以泼墨法作花鸟,用笔墨的纵横捭阖表达自身的愤懑情绪。徐渭开创了大写意花鸟的新体派,后世的八大山人、石涛、扬州八怪、海派乃至齐白石都曾受其影响。他的成就超越了早于他的陈淳,后世将二人并称为青藤白阳。

5. 下列关于明代花鸟画的表述,不符合原文意思的一项是

A. 明宣宗时,宫廷画院花鸟画风格面貌多样,但意境与格调比宋代院体花鸟画略逊一筹。

B.吴门四家花鸟画在吸收前代大师成果基础上发展出鲜明个性特征,取得重大突破。

C. 陈淳的大写意花鸟画充分表达了笔墨的特性与画面的形式感,开写意花鸟一代新风。

D. 徐渭开创了大写意花鸟画的新体派,其成就超越了早于他的陈淳,对后世影响深远。

6.

下列对明代花鸟画取得丰硕成果的原因的分析,不恰当的一项是

A. 画家们广泛地学习和借鉴院体画家、文人画家及民间画师的优良画风。

B. 文人参与花鸟画创作以后,绘画作品更具有生活气息和时代精神特质。

C. 画家们具有积极参与社会生活的激情和狂怪奇崛、傲视万物的强烈个性。

D. 画家们大胆尝试,或借鉴山水画笔法,或引书法笔法入画,或使用新材料。

7. 下列对原文内容的理解与分析,正确的一项是

A. 明宣宗在位期间,宫廷画院的花鸟画只是沿袭宋代花鸟画的风格面貌,没有取得突破。

B. 明代中期,吴门画派的花鸟画由于创作风格一开始就标新立异,所以取得了最高成就。

C. 陈淳学习文徵明用水墨的干湿浓淡和渗透表现花叶的技法,画风简练放逸又不失法度。

D. 徐渭将狂草笔法、泼墨法融入大写意花鸟画,很好地表达了他的澎湃激情和愤懑情绪。

五、(22分)

阅读下面的文章,完成15—18题。

负重的河流

黄毅

这是每一本地理书上都提到过的著名河流,一条河流在哪里出现,从哪里经过,又归属于哪里,决不是偶然的事。塔里木河的出现,再一次证明了作为一条河流的必然性和必要性。

环峙塔克拉玛干大沙漠的冰峰雪岭,阻隔着一切其他世界的声音,那些充满雨意的雷声只能在别人的天空奏响。那些令人神往的潮音,只能打湿他乡的梦。极度干旱的沙漠,裸陈着对天空的一次次叩问,而降雨量几乎等于零的天空,又一遍遍让塔克拉玛干落寞失意。

这是一条多么率直的水系,坦荡、刚烈而勇敢。该扬波的时候必定扬波,该隐忍的时候必定隐忍,该奔涌的时候一定奔涌,该潆洄的时候就一定潆洄;流就流出气魄,纵横裨阖,摧枯拉朽;流就流出韵味,一波三折,百千回。

你再不会见到反差如此巨大的河流。在枯水期,那是生命的一次休整与放松;河水浅吟低唱,嘤嘤细语,有些地方甚至大段大段露出河床,看上去是那样的赢弱,甚至有点可怜;而洪水期却是一次生命的张扬与放纵,浩浩荡荡,左奔右突,把河床扩大到几倍,处处呈现的是强悍与力量,时时迸射的是阳刚和霸气。

就是这样一条河,最终却不能冲出沙漠。当塔里木河挟着昆仑山的冰雪,一路呐喊冲向沙漠的时候,塔克拉玛干不动声色,集合了亿万的沙粒,用最柔软的办法,让河水就范。当塔里木河切割开沙漠柔软的皮肤,你看到河的确是赢家,可是到最后,它却锈蚀在沙漠的肌体里,最终折断;当塔里木河饱醮着冰雪水,在塔克拉玛干这张巨大的生纸上写出一笔遒劲的点画,那个2750公里的笔锋却在意犹未尽的时候,被沙漠吸尽了最后的墨迹……

有河总是有树。树是河流的另一种形式,是河流接近蓝天白云的一种方式。站立起来的河,哗哗的林涛,让鸟鱼一样游来游去。追随塔里木河,是郁郁苍苍的胡杨林。他们高壮精神,粗枝大叶,缘着塔里木河这条苍青的脉管,排列着森森然的汗毛,英姿勃发。但是离塔里木河愈远就愈让人感到吃惊而渐渐地震惊——那是些脱去了绿色的树——他们死了,但还以树的姿态直立着。是塔里木河抛弃了他们,还是他们走得太远?他们成了沙漠上没有归宿、没有目的、不知道要往哪里去的流徙者。他们永远挺起胸膛在走,而永远走不出这块沙质的土地。

塔里木河在不断萎缩,他的退却不仅让百万胡杨流离失所,更严重的是他直接让我们人类自己饱尝苦果。罗布泊这个巨泽的消亡,与三大水源之一的塔里木河的断流,有着直接的关系。据清代《西域水道记》记载,罗布泊人素习水居,不便陆徙,而罗布泊据说在本世纪60年代还有水,彻底干涸也就是近几十年的事。罗布泊人实际上应该是沙漠中的渔民,常以中空的胡杨树一劈为二作为行舟,在水面往来穿梭,迅如利箭。如今没有了水,罗布泊人只能以土为生。他们曾经以湖泊为伴,渔歌唱晚,渔樵互答,何曾想到周围的沙漠日近?何曾想到有一天河水会断流?又何曾想到一片汪洋不见岸的大湖会彻底干涸?他们在罗布泊

生活了几十代人之久,有一天忽然就被湖泊抛弃了!

这是上苍对他们的戏弄,还是对世代拥有汪洋大泊的人以往的漫不经心和虚掷的惩戒?

这是每一本地理书上都写进去的著名河流。我们愈是热爱,我们愈是慌恐;我们愈是负疚,我们愈是失魂落魄。一条河从昨天流到今天还要去明天,而我们的内心竟不能轻松如浪波。哦,塔里木河,你为什么这样浑浊?为什么又这样滞重?

(有删改)

15. 下列对文章内容的理解和赏析,不正确的两项是(4分)

A. 文章两次提及塔里木河是每一本地理书上都写到的著名河流,前后照应,反复强调,蕴含着对塔里

木河现状的深沉喟叹。

B.那些令人神往的潮音,只能打湿他乡的梦,形象地表现出沙漠对水和生命的渴望,蕴含着对沙

漠缺水少雨的无奈与同情。

C. 赋予河流与沙漠以生命,河流率直勇敢任何时候都浩浩荡荡,奔流不息;沙漠静寂无声,却用

柔软的办法让河流就范。

D. 文章用历史材料证明罗布泊人在清代仍然与湖为伴,古今对比,更能说明塔里木河的萎缩对人类文

明产生的巨大影响。

E. 认为缺乏对河流的珍视与保护,人类最终将自食其果,为此从不同方面对塔里木河的断流原因

进行了深入分析。

16. 文中第段写胡杨林有什么作用?请简要分析。(6分)

17. 从全文看,为什么说塔里木河是一条负重的河流?(6分)

18. 塔里木河带给我们很多启示。请结合文章,就河流与文化的关系谈谈你的思考。(6分)

2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(重庆卷)

二、(本大题共3小题,共11分)

年味越来越淡,越来越没意思——这是很多人过年的感受。甚至有人评论说,中国传统节日只是存留于父辈记忆里的尤物,已经成为国人食之无味、弃之可惜的鸡肋。压岁钱水涨船高,变成了负担,失去了原来祈福去灾的本意;庙会办到商场里边,实际就是商品交易;发短信拜年,平均给每个人的情感又有多少?专家们认为,这一现象是传统节日的异化、空洞化、物化等原因造成的。要改变这样的现状,就要提高全民的文化自觉,让传统在现代社会得到很好的延续。

其实式微的不只是春节,元宵、端午、七夕、中秋等传统节日也在日益淡化,这是不争的事实。要究其原因,很多专家都归咎于物质的发展、城乡的变和洋节的挤兑。在笔者看来,这都是表面的原因,真正的原因是文化在异化和物化。节日和人一样都是有灵魂的,当灵魂越来越缺乏依附的载体,节日就会越来越淡,越来越没意思。比如,春节文化包含教育、敬神、祭祖、尊老爱幼等内容,并通过一系列仪式来完成。而现在几乎没有人在敬神、祭祖,由于无法团聚的人越来越多,尊老爱幼也成了隔空对话,春节还有什么文化味道啊?取而代之的是,春节越来越物质化,越表越热闹,但越来越没有文化。

传统节日值得我们缅怀,但对传统节日的式微我们也无可奈何,因为社会在发展,原来传统节日所承载的东西,不再是人们的必需,那么传统节日就会发生变化。中国艺术研究院副院长吕品田指出:原来的传统节日是有大量丰富的民俗活动的,和节气、时令、气候、水

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小希老师给同学们总结了2018高考英语真题所有阅读理解的A篇,适合高中各个年级的学生练习及备考使用。 【全国Ⅰ卷】 A Washington, . Bicycle Tours Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, . Duration: 3 hours This small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see the world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington, . Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom. Reserve your spot before availability – and the cherry blossoms – disappear! Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour Duration: 3 hours (4 miles) Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington, . Explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts and history at each stop. Guided tour includes bike, helmet, cookies and bottled water. Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, . Duration: 3 hours Morning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for . newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington, . in a healthy way with minimum effort. Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks. Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route (路线) make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing. Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour

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