初中语法专题讲解及练习---形容词(有答案)

初中语法专题讲解及练习---形容词(有答案)
初中语法专题讲解及练习---形容词(有答案)

形容词

一、基本概念

形容词和副词都是起修饰作用的词类。形容词用来描写和修饰名词或代词,说明人或事物的特征,性质或特点。

二、基本分类

性质形容词——直接表示事物的性质或特征,有级的变化,并且可以使用程度副词

加以修饰。

例如:good, large, heavy, beautiful 等。大多数形容词都属于这一类。

形容词 叙述形容词——又叫作表语形容词,没有级的变化,也不能用程度副词加以修饰;

多以a 开头。

例如:alone(单独的),afraid(害怕的), asleep(睡着的),alive(活着的),

awake(醒着的), worth(值得的),unable(不可能的), ill(病的)。

分词作形容词:现在分词作形容词表示主动;过去分词作形容词表示被动。

例如:a frightening film 一部恐怖电影 a frightened girl 一个吓坏了的女孩 an interesting story 一个有趣的故事 a locked gate 一个上了锁的大门

三、形容词用法详解

1、构成

1)普通形容词:本身即为形容词的词 如:red, glad, nice, beautiful 2)形容词具有独特的后缀形式

主要有:-y ,-able, -ible, -al, -ical, -ant, -ary, -ful, -less, -ous ,-en ,-ern ,-n 等。 如: sunny ,windy ,funny ,cloudy ,noisy ,lucky ,comfortable, terrible, national, natural,

political, chemical, important, pleasant, ordinary, necessary, beautiful, wonderful, careful, hopeless, careless, famous, dangerous ,wooden ,golden ,western ,eastern ,northern ,southern ,Asian ,American

3)以-ly 结尾的形容词

如:friendly 友好的,lonely 孤独的,lovely 可爱的,likely 可能的,lively 活泼的,

ugly 丑陋的,brotherly 兄弟般的,fatherly 慈父般的, sisterly 姐妹般的,orderly 有秩序的

2、用法和位置

1)作定语:形容词修饰名词时置于名词之前;修饰不定代词时,置于不定代词之后。 如:What beautiful flowers ! I have something important to tell you.

【小试牛刀】

1. What a (sun) day it is today! Let?s go to the park. 答案:sunny

2. In the West, people like to finish a meal with , for instance, dessert.

A. sweet anything

B. sweet something

C. anything sweet

D. something sweet 答案:

D

2)作表语:在be 动词、感官动词taste (尝起来),smell (闻起来),sound (听起来),look (看起来),feel (感到)以及get, turn 等系动词后用形容词作表语。 如:He is young. She looks happy today. The food tastes delicious. 【小试牛刀】

Is this a photo of your daughter? She looks in the pink dress! A. lovely B. quietly C. politely D. happily 答案:

A

3)作宾语补足语:放在宾语之后,常与make, leave, keep, find 等动词连用。 如:

You should keep your room clean every day. Don?t leave the door open when you go out. 【小试牛刀】

We will have a field trip this afternoon. The news makes everyone . A. excited B. frightened C. happily D. luckily 答案:

A

4)形容词名词化:有些形容词前加定冠词后变成名词。如:

The young should take good care of the old. 年轻人应该好好照顾老人。 The new always replaces the old. 新事物总是取代旧事物。

3、多个形容词排序

①限定词(冠词,指示代词,物主代词,所有格,数词)+②描绘性形容词(如:beautiful , fine ,interesting )+③大小,长短,高低等形容词(如:tall ,high ,small, little ,round )+④年龄,新旧(如 young, old, new )+⑤颜色(如 black , white, blue )+⑥国籍,地区,出处(如 Japanese, American, England, rural )+⑦材料(如 plastic, silky, wooden )

4、高频考点

1)形容词修饰复合不定代词后置:

---Mum, Bill is coming to dinner this evening. ---OK, Let?s give him______ to eat. A. something different B. different anything C. anything different

D. different something

答案:A

2)形容词放在系动词后作表语,尤其是

5个感官系动词:

1. ---John looks so A. happy B. happily C. angry D. angrily

2. Don?t eat the food. It smells_______.

A. badly

B. bad

C. good

D. well 3. The pears taste ______ and sell______.

A. well, good

B. well, well

C. good, well

D. good, good 答案:

ABC

3)形容词作keep, make, leave 的宾语补足语: 【小试牛刀】

1. Tom, you must keep your room_______. A. to tidy B. tidying C. tidy

2. We should keep our eyes________ while doing eye exercise. A. close B. closed C. open D. opened 答案:

CC

4)-ed 形容词(修饰人:人对某种事物的感受)和-ing 形容词(修饰物:某物令人......):

【小试牛刀】

1. Oct 15th was one of________ days in 2003. The Shen zhou-V was sent up successfully. A. exciting B. more exciting C. the most exciting D. much exciting

2. Harry Potter is an _______book for children, but my cousin doesn?t seem at all ______in it. A. interesting, interesting B. interesting, interested C. interested, interesting 答案:BC

四、形容词副词的等级

1、比较级和最高级的构成

1)规则变化

2)不规则变化

2、原级用法

1)有表示绝对概念的副词very, too, so, enough, quite 等修饰时,用其原级。如:

The boy is too young. He plays the piano very well.

2)表示A 与B 在某一方面程度相同或不同时用形容词或副词的原级。 肯定句中的结构:“A…+ as +形容词/副词原级 + as + B”。 如:English is as interesting as Chinese. He runs as fast as Jim. 否定句中的结构:“A…+ not as/so +形容词/副词原级 + as + B”。 如:Lesson One isn?t as (so) difficult as Lesson Two. 否定句的结构相当于less +形容词/副词原级+ than 。 如:Lesson One is less difficult than Lesson Two.

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