代词的分类及其用法

一、代词概念

1、代词的定义：代替名词、数词、上下文的词句

例：一只狗it 一个人she / he

2、代词的分类

一) 人称代词二) 物主代词三) 反身代词四) 指示代词

五 )疑问代词六) 连接代词七) 关系代词八) 不定代词

二、人称代词

1、人称代词作主语时用主格；作宾语时，用人称代词的宾格；

作主格时：她是一个很小心的出租车司机。

She is a careful taxi-driver.

作宾格时：他们都非常喜欢她。

They all like her very much.

2、人称代词作表语时用宾格，尤其在口语中；

谁敲门？ Who is knocking at door?

是我。 It's me.

3、it 的用法

a. 代替上文提到的东西

例：我的钢笔丢了，我找不到它。

My pen is missing. I cannot find it.

b. 代替事件和情况

例：杰克病了。你听人说起过吗？

Jack is ill. Have you heard about it?

c. 表示婴儿和未知的人

例：这个宝宝是男孩还是女孩？

Is it a boy or a girl? It is a boy.

d. 代替this, that

例：What is this? This / It is a guitar.

What is that? That / It is a computer.

e 表示时间和天气

例：今天天气很冷。It is very cold today.

明天是星期天。It is Sunday tomorrow.

f 表示地点和距离

例：北京离伦敦有多远？

How far is it from Beijing to London?

三、物主代词

1、物主代词的分类

形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词

2、形容词性物主代词

起到形容词作用，只能作定语

例：dictionary (字典) my dictionary

3、名词性物主代词

起到名词作用，作主语、表语、宾语和与"of"连用作定语；

表语例：这个小刀是我的。

The/ This knife is mine.

主语例：我们的教室在一楼，他们的教室在二楼。

Our classroom is on the 2rd floor.

Theirs is on the 3rd floor.

宾语例：你可以用我的钢笔，我用他的。

You may use my pen, I will use his.

定语例：他是我的一位朋友。

He is a friend of mine.

4、考点：用"the"代替物主代词；

例：他打了她的头。

He hit her on the head.

士兵腿部受了伤。

The soldier was hurt in the leg.

5、英语中，类似于“我的”“你的”词语不能省略；

例：请帮我学英语。

Please help me with my English.

别把手揣在兜儿里。

Don't put your hands in your pocket.

四、反身代词

反身代词的非强调用法

1、反身代词一般作宾语；作动词的宾语，表示一个及物动词的动作重新又回到动作者

本身；

位置在动词后。

例：一只蜡烛照亮了别人，损耗了自己。

A candle lights others and consumes itself.

宽以待人，严于律己。

Forgive others but not yourself.

2、反身代词的分类：

第一人称 myself ourselves

第二人称 yourself yourselves

第三人称 himself /herself/ itself themselves

不定人称 oneself one selves

3、有些固定的动词后加反身代词，其后的宾语补语表示主语突然不自觉的或被动的动作或状态。比如在 find（找到）/ here（听到）/ catch （抓住）等动词。

例：自信是走向成功的第一步。

Confidence in yourself is the first step on the road to success.

这部小说对向我这样的初学者来说，太难了。

The novel is too difficult for beginners like myself / me.

4、介词＋反身代词

1)by oneself 独自

例： He lives by himself.

He did it by himself.

Press the button and door opens by itself.

2)of oneself 自动的

例： Success will not come of itself to knock at your door.

The door opened of itself

3)for oneself 独自

例： If you don't believe me, you go there and see for yourself.

His son is old enough to do it for himself.

4) in oneself 本身

例： You'd better asked patient in herself about her trouble.

The invitation is in itself friendship step.

5) beside oneself 欣喜若狂，高度兴奋

例： He was beside himself with joy.

6) between ourselves 两者之间

例： The matter is between ourselves.

among oneself 三者之间

例： They divided the apples among themselves

反身代词的强调用法

一般作名词或代词的同位语；

1、位置可置于名词之后，句首、句尾用来加强语气。

例：The president himself will chair the meeting.

The president will chair the meeting himself.

I myself can't come, but I will ask someone to help.

We ourselves will build our college.

2、可以将very own real等强调词插入反身代词中间，强调该反身代词。

例：I will go there my own self.

It is her very self you saw.

五、指示代词

this that these those

指示代词在句中可用作主语、表语、宾语、定语；

1、主语

例：Is this your pen? No, it isn't. It's Mary's.

These are our books.

That is a good idea

2、表语例：What I want is this.

3、宾语例：You like this but I like that.

4、定语

例： Those books are David's.

In those years, they seldom did experiment to test ideas.

5、that those代表同类事物，即同类不同物；

若同类同物，则用人称代词

例： The population of China is larger than that of India.

The girls in class 4 are more active than those in class 3.

6、such same

主语例： Such were the facts.

The same may be sad of his father.

定语例： I don't like such weather.

We live under the same roof and eat at the same table.

表语例： His illness was not such as to cause anxiety.

His composition is the same as yours.

宾语例： Good health. The same to you. I wish you the same.

六、不定代词

不定代词的分类

肯定类不定代词

all everybody both either everything some somebody someone something a little a few

否定类不定代词

no nobody none neither nothing none no one nobody nothing little few

1．作主语

其谓语动词在人称和数的应用上，一般应具下面的规则：

a. both在肯定句中作复数, either neither作单数；

b. all 指人的时候，一般用复数；指物的时候，一般用单数；

例：Both of them study English but neither of them studies Japanese.

All are here at the meeting.

Neither of them is good at English.

辨析：Neither of us have been to Beijing. 全部否定

Both of us haven't been to Beijing. 部分否定

2．作定语

Many few 修饰可数名词

Much little 修饰不可数名词

Some any no 修饰可数名词和不可数名词

例：Many people have gone.

Do / Would you like some water.

There is a little money in my pocket.

不定代词的基本用法

1．主语 One must one's duty.

2．表语 That's all I can do.

3．同位语 They all agree to carry out the plan quickly.

4．宾语 The apple is not good. Please give me another.

5．定语 The story is much more interesting than the other two.

6．状语 I spend some 2 hours doing my homework yesterday.

some+时间：表示大约

例： I don't think there is anything about haircut that could make me love you any less.

不定代词的辨析

1．some / any

a. some指人或物，多用于肯定句中；

在否定句和疑问句中一般用any；

但表示一种建议的时候，采取疑问形式。

例：Will you have some tea?

Here apples, won’t you have some?

b. any指一些时，用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中。

表示任何的，任何一个时，用于肯定句中。

例：You can ask any student who you meet for help.

You may come here at any day.

He did better than any before him.

2．both / neither / either

both (两者都) 用于肯定陈述句，作同位语时放在行为动词之前，be动词之后；

谓语用复数。

例：You are both completely wrong.

either（两者中任意一个）其后动词用单数；

例：Either of them is going to agree to this arrangement.

neither (两者都不)其后动词用单数；

例：Neither of them is good at English.

Neither of us has been to Beijing.

3．each / every

each强调个别；每一，每个；作主语时，谓语动词用单数

例：Each of us has a new dictionary.

She knows each student of the class.

There are trees on each side of the street.

every强调整体；每；指三个或三个以上整体中的每一个；一般只能作形容词；

一般修饰单数可数名词，表示每个都；修饰可数名词复数时，意思有差异；

不能单独作主语。

例：You can learn something useful from everyone.

every 3 days 每3天

every day 每天

4．no / none

no作定语，可以修饰可数名词与不可数名词；

no=not any

例：I have no time=I don't have any time

He knows no English=He doesn't know English at all.

none作主语、宾语、表语，代替不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数；

代替可数名词时，谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数。

例：None of this money is mine.

None of us has/have got a ticket.

5．nothing / nobody / none

nothing 指物，不用"of"结构

例：There's nothing in the classroom.

nobody 指人，也不用"of"结构

例：There's nobody in the classroom.

none指人或者物，三者以上，可用于"of"结构

例：How many books are there on the desk？ None

How many students are there in the library？None

He likes none of the three.

None of my friends drinks.