2018年秋季课程外研版高一英语：构词法—合成词和词的转化教案

2018年秋季课程外研版高一英语第17讲：构词法—合成词和词的转化

一、课程介绍

知识点

1. 合成词的种类

2. 词的转化

教学重点

1. 合成词常见的五种类型

2. 动词名词的转化

教学难点

1. 合成名词的单复数，合成形容词的句法功能

2. 词性改变型转化

二、要点回顾

Ⅰ.知识回顾

1．形容词作表语、定语、补语

2．副词作状语

3．倍数表达法

4．定冠词的使用方法

5．零冠词的使用方法

Ⅱ.活用句型

翻译下列句子

1.这个杯子里的咖啡是那个杯子里的五倍。

_________________________________________________.

2.我们发现这个问题很难。

_________________________________________________.

3.那儿我遇到一个老外,这个老外帮了我不少忙。

___________________________________________________.

4.他又惊又喜站起来领奖.？

__________________________________________________.

【答案】

1.There is five times as much coffee in this glass as in that one..

2.We found the problem very difficult.

3.There I met a foreigner and the foreigner helped me a great deal..

4.He stood up and accepted the prize, surprised and happy?

三、知识精要

语法知识列表

【语法点二】合成词

合成词是由两个或两个以上的词合成的一个新词

【语法点一】转化词

转化词就是词形不变, 由一个词类转化成另一个词类的词

四、要点讲练

【要点1】合成词的用法

1. 合成名词，如: workforce, haircut, postman, X-ray, mailbox, landowner, farmland, handstand, handshake, coastline, gunfire, short-wave, gentleman, newcomer, tightrope, best-seller, mainland, freeway, second-hand, midday, front-runner, pickpocket扒手, breakwater防波堤, runway, sit-downer静坐罢工者, breakthrough突破, runaround借口, runaway逃亡, sell-out售完, handout 传单, breakdown衰落

2.合成形容词，如: worldwide, nationwide, duty-free, snow-white, world-famous, lifelong, English-speaking, noise-killing, hand-made, peace-loving, horse-drawn, fun-loving, ready-made 现成的, good-looking, easy-going, low-lying地势低洼的, well-known, hard-working, well-informed消息灵通的, widespread, ill-formed, first-rate, second-hand, worthwhile, everyday, middle-aged, warm-blooded, good-tempered, bare-footed

3.合成代词，如: himself, herself, themselves, something, someone, anything, nobody

4.合成动词，如: overthrow, output, input, uphold, uplift, downgrade, sleep-walk, typewrite, brainwash, handpick精选, daydream, whitewash, deep-freeze

5.合成副词，如: meanwhile, midway, everywhere, somewhere, anyway, otherwise, sometime, beforehand, onshore, inside, offhand, headfirst头朝下地, daylong

【例题】

Do you like to accept ________idea in modern society?

A. outdate

B. update

C. up-to-date

D. out-of-date

【解析】

考查合成词作定语。up-to-date现代的，新式的。out-of-date过时的。Outdate，update均为动词，不合题意。

【答案】C

【即学即用】

1. 用break up 的正确形式填空

① He has ______ with his girlfriend after a fierce quarrel

② After the_______ of his team, he is always in low spirit.

【答案】①broken up② breakup

2. 用every day和everyday翻译下列句子

①学习英语是他每天的功课。

②他每天都在学习英语。

【答案】

① Learning English is his everyday homework

② He learns English every day.

【知识拓展】

【要点2】转化词——即不改变词形，仅通过词性改变与否来使单词具有新的意义和作用的单词。

(一)词性不变型

about adv.大约,几乎;在附近→(转到)相反方向; 反方向的

arm n.手臂→n.武器

ball n.球→n.舞会

band n.带子,镶边→波段→乐队

bank n.银行→n.河岸（堤）

block n.街区→n.木块，石块

box n.盒子→n.拳击

date n.日期,日子→约会→枣

fan n.扇子,→迷,狂热者,爱好者

fire vt. 点燃→放枪→ <口>解雇

（二）词性改变型

address n.地址→vt.演讲,说话

bar n. 条,棒→n.酒吧→n.一根（条、快）→vt.禁止,阻挡→n.(Bar)律师业

n. 熊→v.忍受→v.生（孩子）

fine adj.美好的→精细的；精微的→n.罚款,罚金

fair adj. 美丽的→(头发)金黄的→公平的→(天气)晴朗的n.集市，展览会

live adj.活的,生动的→实况转播的→vi,vt活着；生存

【例题】

In recent years many foreign companies has been ___________smoothly in China.

A. run

B. jumped

C. walked

D. climbed

【解析】

近些年，很多外国公司在中国经营得很顺利。Run动词意为“经营”，其他选项没有相关引申义

【答案】A

【即学即用】

Yaoming is a 7-_____, 5-inch international basketball player.

A. meter

B. kilometer

C. foot

D. centimeter

【答案】C

※【链接高考】

①(2013 天津卷）While she was in Paris, she developed a ______ for fine art

A．way B．relation C．taste D. habit

②(2012 天津卷) -- parents and children should communicate more to ______the gap between them so that they can understand each other more.

A.open

B. narrow

C. widen

D. leave

【答案】

① C 当他在巴黎的时候，他对良好的艺术品有了品味。Taste：品尝，尝起来，品味，味道

② B 父母和孩子们应该多沟通来弥补他们之间的代沟以便双方都能互相理解得更多。Narrow常用作形容词，窄的。这里为动词“使变窄”

五、双基达标

1. 词转化练习

①arm_________ ②can_______ ③count_______ ④flood_________

【答案】①胳膊，武器，用武器装备

②能，罐子

③数，是重要的

④洪水，大量而来

2. 翻译句子

①The President gave an address to the nation over the radio．

________________________________________________________________________

②For businessmen what counted was money.

________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】①总统通过广播向全国进行演讲

②对于商人来说金钱最重要

3. 单项选择

1．end A．终点B．结局C．终止

At last，the war ended with the Englishmen winning．The Frenchmen had only controlled one province of Canada．

Which one is the correct meaning of the word “end”?_________．

2．enter A．进入B．加入C．开始D．报名

Have you entered yourself for the sports meet to be held next week？

Which one is the correct meaning of the word “enter”?_________．

3．equal A．相当的B．比得上C．等于

Nothing can equal the pleasure of drinking a cold drink on a cold summer day．

Which one is the correct meaning of the word “equal”?_________．

4.even A．有规律的B．平坦的C．甚至D．公平的

Everything is evenly arranged at present．Don\'t be too worried．

Which one is the correct meaning of the word “even”?_________．

5．excuse A．免除B．借口C．原谅

Living in the country can excuse you from the worry of the heavy traffic and the polluted environment．

Which one is the correct meaning of the word “excuse”?_________．

6．expect A．预计B．盼望C．希望

The weather turns out far better than we expected．Now we have got used to it．

Which one is the correct meaning of the word“expect”?_________．

7．experience A．经验B．经历C．遭受

Now that you have experienced such an adventure before，you must be able to do with it．Which one is the correct meaning of the word“experience”?_________．

8．express A．明确的B．高速的C．表达n．快车

It was in that express way that the traffic accident happened．

Which one is the correct meaning of the word“express”?_________

His express wish was that you should come here by express train．

9．extra A．额外的B．非常C．额外的事物

The workers will get some extra pay if they work extra hours．

Which one is the correct meaning of the word“extra”?_________

答案：1 – 5CDBAA 6 – 9 ABBA

4. 完形填空

On a cold November afternoon, my mother and I were walking home from a pizza store. We were dressed 1 and equipped with the rented video we had been 2 to watch. I was feeling a little 3 as I was carrying our shopping, and decided to throw away something. So I started to walk towards the garbage can 4 I noticed a poor man walking out of the restaurant in front of us. He 5 over to another nearby garbage can and started looking through it.

I suddenly felt very guilty because I was about to throw away a new drink just because it was

6 . I walked up him and handed the

7 and some snacks （小吃）over to him. The man looked up

8 and took what I gave him.

A huge smile 9 across his face and this 10 me to feel indescribable satisfaction. I felt I couldn’t be happier 11 myself. But then he said, “Wow, this is my son’s lucky day!”

With that, he thanked me happily and started off on his bike, I 12 heard him whistling a song as he rode away.

I got a warm 13 inside. I now understand what is 14 by the saying “giving is getting”.

Although it only 15 a little action and a few words, I gained and learned more in those two minutes than I did in the 16 of the month. Everyone in the world needs help, everyone can 17 help and everyone will be helped by 18 kindness.

The image of that man’s happiness caused by my small gift appears in my mind every 19 I have the chance to do something nice.

This is the 20 of charity.

1．A．poorly B．coldly C．warmly D．expensively

2．A．dying B．exciting C．worrying D．happy

3．A．worried B．interested C．bored D．tired

4．A．and B．but C．as

D．when

5．A．headed B．passed C．crossed

D．took

6．A．cheap B．heavy C．tasteless D．full

7．A．money B．toys C．drink

D．clothes

8．A．in silence B．in surprise C．in interest D．in a hurry

9．A．appeared B．spread C．went D．ran

10．A．forced B．helped C．persuaded D．caused

11．A．with B．to C．at

D．for

12．A．still B．once C．even D．ever

13．A．sense B．mind C．thinking D．feeling

14．A．aimed B．meant C．considered D．thought

15．A．cost B．took C．called D．asked

16．A．whole B．others C．rest

D．time

17．A．give B．send C．promise D．have

18．A．showing B．owning C．lending D．setting

19．A．moment B．day C．minute D．time

20．A．power B．force C．strength D．aim

答案: 1—5 CADDA 6-10BCBBD 11—15 ACDBB 16-20 CAADA

5. 习文练笔

[题目要求]

假如你是张华,你在新学校学习已有两个多月,请根据下列提示,用英语给你的朋友Jane写封电子邮件,谈谈你的高中生活.

1 你的学校和班级

2 你的作息时间

3 你的朋友或老师

4 你最喜欢的

[思路点拨]

1．时态：主要为一般现在时；人称：一般用第一人称。

2. 所给提示要写全

[词汇热身]

①日常生活______________

②耐心的____________

【答案】①routine life ②patient

[句式温习]

自从我搬到新学校已经两个多月了

It __________ over 2 months since I moved to the new school

【答案】has been

[连句成篇]

________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 【参考范文】

Dear Jane,

It has been over 2 months since I moved to the new school, and I'd like to talk about my life in it.

At present, I am in Class 1, Grade one of my senior high school, I like my new school, I get up at 6:30 every morning, and do homework after school, I usually go to bed at 21:10 every evening, such is my routine life!

I have made several good friends in my class, we go to school together every day, and always play football on our big playground after class, it is amazing. Besides that, all our classmates like our English teacher, Miss Li, she is very kind and patient, we enjoy her class because it is very interesting.

So much about my life in my senior high school, and I may tell you more later.

Best wishes

Zhang Hua

六、单元自测

1. 词汇检测(词转化)

2. 句子翻译

1. I received a flood of letters this morning．

2. Instead of disturbing her，the news had a strangely calm effect．

3. He introduced his speech with a joke．

4. He jammed four apples in his pocket．

【答案】

1. 今天早上我收到大量的信件。

2. 这个消息传来，不仅没有使她心神不安，反而使她非常镇静。

3．他的演讲以一个笑话开始。

4. 他往衣袋里塞了四个苹果。

3. 知识运用

1）完形填空

Mr. Gray traveled a lot on business. He sold machines of various kinds to famers, which he thought not really a very _1_ job, but he had always been interested in _2_, and he was quite satisfied with his life. He had a big_3_, and usually enjoyed driving it long distances, but he was also quite_4_to go by train sometimes too especially when the weather was_5_. He was a little frightened of driving in the rain or snow, and it was _6_tiring to sit comfortably in a train and look out of the windows without being worried about how one was going to get to the next place. One of Mr. Gray’s _7_was often where to stay when he reached some small _8_in the country. He did not expect _9_and wonderful food, but he found it annoying when he was given a cold room, and when there was no hot water _10_ good food after a long and tiring day.

Late one winter evening, Mr. Gray arrived at a small railway station. The journey by train that

_11_had not been at all interesting, and Mr. Gray was cold and tired and _12_. He was looking forward to a _13_but satisfying meal by a brightly burning _14_, and then a hot bath and a comfortable bed. While he was walking to the taxi stand, he said to a local man who was also _15_there. “As this is my _16_visit to this part of the country and I was in too much of a hurry to find out about a hotel before I _17_home, I would very much like to know how many you have here.”The local man answered, “We have two.”“And which of the two would you _18_me to go to?”Mr. Gray asked then. The local man scratched his _19_ for a few moments and then answered, “Well, it’s like this: _20_one you go to, you’ll be sorry you didn’t go to the other.”

1.A．exhausting B．boring C．disappointing D．exciting

2.A．farming B．gardening C．traveling D．driving

3.A．taxi B．plane C．car D．boat

4.A．satisfied B．tired C．frightened D．encouraged

5.A．cold B．hot C．good D．bad

6.A．more B．less C．very D．so

7.A．problems B．questions C．aims D．jobs

8.A．room B．restaurant C．hotel D．place

9.A．respect B．comfort C．support D．peace

10..A．or B．and C．but D．nor

11.A．month B．day C．week D．moment

12.A．thirsty B．angry C．ill D．hungry

13.A．large B．simple C．rich D．wonderful

14.A．fire B．candle C．oil D．light

15.A．staying B．walking C．sitting D．working

16.A．last B．best C．first D．only

17.A．left B．returned C．went D．missed

18.A．want B．advise C．allow D．wish

19.A．hand B．arm C．head D．back

20.A．each B．whatever C．any D．whichever

答案: 1- 5 BCCAD 6- 10 BADBA 6- 10 BDBAB 6- 10 BABCD

2）阅读理解

Are some people born clever, and others born stupid? Or is intelligence developed by our environment and our experience? Strangely enough, the answer to these questions is yes. To some extent our intelligence is given to us at birth, and no amount of education can make a genius out of a child born with low intelligence. On the other hand, a child who lives in a boring environment will develop his intelligence less than one who lives in rich and varied surroundings. Thus the limits of person's intelligence are fixed at birth, whether or not he reaches those limits will depend on his

environment. This view, now held by most experts, can be supported in a number of ways.

It is easy to show that intelligence is to some extent something we are born with. The closer the blood relationship between two people, the closer they are likely to be intelligence. Thus if we take two unrelated people at random from population, it is likely that their degree of intelligence will be completely different. If, on the other hand, we take two identical twins, they will very likely be as intelligent as each other. Relations like brothers and sisters, parents and children, usually have similar intelligence, and this clearly suggests that intelligence depends on birth.

Imagine now that we take two identical twins and put them in different environments. We might send one, for example, to a university and the other to a factory where the work is boring. We would soon find differences in intelligence developing, and this indicates that environment as well as birth plays a part. This conclusion is also suggested by the fact that people who live in close contact with each other, but who are not related at all are likely to have similar degree of intelligence.

1. The writer is in favor of the view that man's intelligence is given to him_________.

A. at birth

B. through education

C. both at birth and through education

D. neither at birth nor through education

2. If a child is born with low intelligence, he can_________.

A. become a genius

B. still become a genius if he should be given special education

C. not reach his intelligence in his life.

D. reach his intelligence limits in rich surroundings

3.In the 2nd paragraph, the underlined sentence means “if we ” __________

A. pick any two persons

B. take out two different persons

C. choose two persons who are relative

D. choose two persons with different intelligence

4. The example of the twins going to a university and to a factory separately shows_________.

A. the importance of their intelligence

B. the role of environment on intelligence

C. the importance of their positions

D. the part that birth plays

5. The best title of the passage can be __________.

A. Surroundings

B. Effect of education

C. Dependence on Environment

D. Intelligence

答案:1---5 CDABD

4. 书面表达

假设你是小明，你家打算改善住房条件.现在有两套房子供选择，一套是位于商业区的现代公寓楼，一套是郊区的传统式房屋。家里人对购买哪套更好持不同的观点。请你根据下面所给的内容，用英语给你的朋友Paul写一封信，征求他的意见。

写作内容:

1.现代公寓楼宽敞明亮，购物上学方便；

2.传统式房屋安静，空气清新，邻里之间交往多，氛围和谐。

3.信的开头与结尾已给出，不计入总句数。

Dear Paul,

Recently my family are planning to improve our housing conditions.

_____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________

What’s your opinion?

参考范文：

Dear Paul,

Recently my family are planning to improve our housing conditions. We have different ideas about whether we should buy an old-style house in the suburbs or a flat in the downtown. Some suggest we buy a modern flat because it’s big and bright, and it’s conveniently located close to shops and schools.

However, the others are in favor of the old-style house. They consider the air is fresh and it’s peaceful to live in the suburbs. The most important thing is that neighbours have more chances to communicate with each other to make a harmonious living atmosphere.

What’s your opinion?

Sincerely yours,

Xiao Ming